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Nandakumar M, Sivasakthikumaran R, Mohanakrishnan AK. Oxidative Ring Opening of 1,3-Diarylbenzo[c]heterocycles Using m-CPBA: Preparation of 1,2-Diaroylbenzenes. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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2
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Vaidya T, Manbeck GF, Chen S, Frontier AJ, Eisenberg R. Divergent reaction pathways of a cationic intermediate: rearrangement and cyclization of 2-substituted furyl and benzofuryl enones catalyzed by iridium(III). J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:3300-3. [PMID: 21322633 DOI: 10.1021/ja111317q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to 2-substituted pyrrole enones, furyl and benzofuryl enones do not undergo the Nazarov electrocyclization. Instead, these furyl and benzofuryl enones exhibit unusual rearrangement sequences in the presence of catalytic amounts of [IrBr(CO)(DIM)((R)-(+)-BINAP)](SbF(6))(2) (1; DIM = diethylisopropylidene malonate) and AgSbF(6) (1:1). A 1,2-H shift followed by intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation leads to synthetically valuable cyclohexanones with furanylic quaternary centers. The electrophilicity of 1 is essential for this rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulaza Vaidya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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3
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Zhang W, Franzén J. Diverse Asymmetric Quinolizidine Synthesis: A Stereodivergent One-Pot Approach. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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4
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Abaev VT, Tsiunchik FA, Butin AV, Gutnov AV. Synthesis of 2,4‐difuryl‐4
H
‐3,1‐benzothiazines via a furan ring migration reaction. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570450227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir T. Abaev
- North‐Ossetian State University, Vatutina St. 46, Vladikavkaz, 362025, Russian Federation
| | - Fatima A. Tsiunchik
- Kuban State University of Technology, Moskovskaya St. 2, Krasnodar, 350072, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Butin
- Kuban State University of Technology, Moskovskaya St. 2, Krasnodar, 350072, Russian Federation
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Wilson MS, Padwa A. A Stereoselective Approach to the Azaspiro[5.5]undecane Ring System Using a Conjugate Addition/Dipolar Cycloaddition Cascade: Application to the Total Synthesis of (±)-2,7,8-epi-Perhydrohistrionicotoxin. J Org Chem 2008; 73:9601-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801295e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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Pilling AW, Böhmer J, Dixon DJ. Site isolated base and acid catalyzed azaspirocyclization cascades. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:832-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b716568d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Sinclair A, Stockman RA. Thirty-five years of synthetic studies directed towards the histrionicotoxin family of alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 2007; 24:298-326. [PMID: 17389999 DOI: 10.1039/b604203c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article brings together for the first time reviews of all the synthetic attempts towards the spirocyclic histrionicotoxin alkaloids published since the discovery of the group in 1971. This covers 5 total syntheses of the fully unsaturated parent alkaloid HTX-283A, 7 total syntheses of perhydrohistrionicotoxin, 15 total syntheses of other members of this alkaloid family, 25 formal syntheses, and 19 partial syntheses involving the successful formation of the core azaspirocyclic structure but lacking advancement towards the target structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Sinclair
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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8
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Gao S, Tu YQ, Hu X, Wang S, Hua R, Jiang Y, Zhao Y, Fan X, Zhang S. General and Efficient Strategy for Erythrinan and Homoerythrinan Alkaloids: Syntheses of (±)-3-Demethoxyerythratidinone and (±)-Erysotramidine. Org Lett 2006; 8:2373-6. [PMID: 16706529 DOI: 10.1021/ol0607185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A general and efficient strategy to both aromatic-type and nonaromatic-type erythrinan and homoerythrinan alkaloids has been developed. This approach involves a key two-step sequence, an alkylation of a ketone with various N-substituted iodoacetamides followed by a N-acyliminium ion promoted intramolecular cyclization, and represents one of the shortest routes to erythrinan and homoerythrinan alkaloids. As the application, the formal total synthesis of (+/-)-3-demethoxyerythratidinone and the total synthesis of (+/-)-erysotramidine have been achieved, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanhu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, PRC
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9
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Sperry JB, Ghiviriga I, Wright DL. Electrochemical annulation of five-membered rings through dearomatization of furans and thiophenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:194-6. [PMID: 16372103 DOI: 10.1039/b513532j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new methodology for the annulation of five-membered carbocyclic rings onto enones through the dearomatizing electrochemical cyclization of furans and thiophenes has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Sperry
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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10
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Maryanoff BE, Zhang HC, Cohen JH, Turchi IJ, Maryanoff CA. Cyclizations of N-acyliminium ions. Chem Rev 2004; 104:1431-628. [PMID: 15008627 DOI: 10.1021/cr0306182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 551] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Maryanoff
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, USA.
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11
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Yoda H, Inoue KI, Ujihara Y, Mase N, Takabe K. Lewis acid-promoted tandem desulfurization and hydroxylation of γ-phenylthio-substituted lactams: novel synthetic strategy of isoindolobenzazepine alkaloid, chilenine. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.09.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Tanis SP, Deaton MV, Dixon LA, McMills MC, Raggon JW, Collins MA. Furan-Terminated N-Acyliminium Ion Initiated Cyclizations in Alkaloid Synthesis. J Org Chem 1998; 63:6914-6928. [PMID: 11672313 DOI: 10.1021/jo980718l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A study of the utility of furan-terminated N-acyliminium ion initiated cyclizations for the synthesis of linearly fused alkaloid precursors (Figure 2) is presented. The outcome of the cyclization event depends on the position of furan tether attachment (2 vs 3), tether length, and furan 5-substituent (R = H, CH(3), Ar). 3-Substituted furans cyclized to form 6- and 7-membered ring containing furans 35-38, 50, and 51 in good to excellent yields. 2-Substituted furans closed to form only 6-membered rings; however, the products obtained were a function of the furan 5-substituent. The 5-H furans 17 and 18 led exclusively to the corresponding furans 21 and 22, while the 5-CH(3)-furans 42 and 43 gave only diketone containing compounds 44 and 45. 5-Arylfurans 66-71 provided mixtures of furan- and diketone-containing products 72-83, with the ratio related to the substitution on the phenyl moiety. A preparation of epilupinine 10 is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P. Tanis
- Medicinal Chemistry I, 7254-209-6, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Inc., Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001-0199
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Fitch RW, Luzzio FA. Ultrasound in natural products synthesis: applications to the synthesis of histrionicotoxin via nitroalkanal acetals. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 1997; 4:99-107. [PMID: 11237051 DOI: 10.1016/s1350-4177(97)00006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound promoted the Kornblum reaction of silver nitrite or sodium nitrite with haloalkyl acetals to afford the corresponding C-nitro compounds. The acetalprotected nitro compounds were used as reactants in a 'double Henry' reaction to produce the key intermediate nitrocyclohexane diol with a masked aldehyde side chain. The nitrodiol was then subjected to an ultrasound-promoted one-pot/single operation sequence involving a reduction deprotection followed by a cyclization-reduction. The entire sequence provided the core spiropiperidine substructure of the histrionicotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Fitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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15
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New DG, Tesfai Z, Moeller KD. Intramolecular Anodic Olefin Coupling Reactions and the Use of Electron-Rich Aryl Rings(1). J Org Chem 1996; 61:1578-1598. [PMID: 11667023 DOI: 10.1021/jo9518359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The utility of intramolecular anodic olefin coupling reactions involving electron-rich aromatic rings for constructing fused, bicyclic ring skeletons has been examined. Reactions involving alkoxy-substituted phenyl rings were found to benefit strongly from a 3-methoxy substituent on the phenyl ring. Although overoxidation of the bicyclic product was observed in these reactions, this problem could be minimized with the use of controlled potential electrolysis conditions when a monomethoxy phenyl ring was used and avoided entirely with the use of a vinyl sulfide moiety as the initiator when a more electron-rich phenyl ring was used. Reactions involving 4-alkoxy-substituted phenyl rings as substrates did not lead to good yields of fused products. Furan rings were found to be excellent coupling partners for the reactions and afforded products having fused, bicyclic furan ring skeletons. Cyclizations involving furans were shown to be compatible with the formation of both six- and seven-membered rings, the generation of a quaternary carbon, and the use of a variety of electron-rich olefins as the other coupling partner. It appears that the furan can serve as either the initiating group or the terminating group for the cyclizations. Finally, the reactions were shown to be compatible with the use of a pyrrole ring as one of the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas G. New
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
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Padwa A, Ishida M. Silver tetrafluoroborate induced reaction of trimethylsilyl enol ethers with 2,3-diiodo-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1-propene as a method for preparing substituted furans. Tetrahedron Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)93526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Furans in synthesis 101. An efficient construction of the bicyclo[5.3.0]decane ring system of fastigilin-C. Tetrahedron Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)88893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Maier ME, Schöffling B. Intramolecular Cycloadditions of Mesoionic Carbonyl Ylides with Alkynes. Synthesis of 5,6-Dihydro-4H-cyclopenta- and 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydrobenzo[b]furan Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19891220613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Hiemstra H, Speckamp WN. Chapter 4 N-Acyliminium Ions as Intermediates in Alkaloid Synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(08)60218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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21
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