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Mitchell GM, Hesketh A, Lombardi C, Ho C, Fyles TM. A membrane-spanning macrocyclic bolaamphiphile lipid mimic of archaeal lipids. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a 72-membered macrocyclic tetraester bolaamphiphile is accomplished in six chemical steps from commercially available starting materials using copper-accelerated azide–alkyne coupling to close the macrocycle in high yield. Related diester amphiphiles and an acyclic tetraester bolaamphiphile were also prepared. The set of lipids bearing nitrophenyl phosphate head groups were incorporated into phospholipid vesicles but failed to undergo phosphate hydrolysis in basic conditions, undergoing efficient elimination in competition. The same lipid cores bearing phosphate-linked nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) head groups also incorporated into phospholipid vesicles and the NBD fluorescence was quenched with cobalt ions. The proportion of membrane-spanning bolaamphiphiles was determined from the ratio of cobalt quenching in the presence and in the absence of a detergent. The macrocyclic bolaamphiphile is incorporated into phospholipid vesicles such that 48 ± 4% of the NBD head groups are in the outer leaflet, consistent with a membrane-spanning orientation. The acyclic bolaamphiphile is incorporated with 75 ± 3% of the NBD head groups accessible to quencher in the absence of a detergent suggesting U-shaped incorporation in the outer leaflet of the bilayer membrane. In ring size and spanning ability, the macrocyclic bolaamphiphile mimics naturally occurring macrocyclic archaeal lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin M. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Amelia Hesketh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Christie Lombardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Cally Ho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Thomas M. Fyles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
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Design of nucleotide-mimetic and non-nucleotide inhibitors of the translation initiation factor eIF4E: Synthesis, structural and functional characterisation. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:200-217. [PMID: 27592390 PMCID: PMC5111791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is considered as the corner stone in the cap-dependent translation initiation machinery. Its role is to recruit mRNA to the ribosome through recognition of the 5′-terminal mRNA cap structure (m7GpppN, where G is guanosine, N is any nucleotide). eIF4E is implicated in cell transformation, tumourigenesis, and angiogenesis by facilitating translation of oncogenic mRNAs; it is thus regarded as an attractive anticancer drug target. We have used two approaches to design cap-binding inhibitors of eIF4E by modifying the N7-substituent of m7GMP and replacing the phosphate group with isosteres such as squaramides, sulfonamides, and tetrazoles, as well as by structure-based virtual screening aimed at identifying non-nucleotide cap-binding antagonists. Phosphomimetic nucleotide derivatives and highly ranking virtual hits were evaluated in a series of in vitro and cell-based assays to identify the first non-nucleotide eIF4E cap-binding inhibitor with activities in cell-based assays, N-[(5,6-dihydro-6-oxo-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-g]quinolin-7-yl)methyl]-N′-(2-methyl-propyl)-N-(phenyl-methyl)thiourea (14), including down-regulation of oncogenic proteins and suppression of RNA incorporation into polysomes. Although we did not observe cellular activity with any of our modified m7GMP phosphate isostere compounds, we obtained X-ray crystallography structures of three such compounds in complex with eIF4E, 5′-deoxy-5′-(1,2-dioxo-3-hydroxycyclobut-3-en-4-yl)amino-N7-methyl-guanosine (4a), N7-3-chlorobenzyl-5′-deoxy-5′-(1,2-dioxo-3-hydroxy-cyclobut-3-en-4-yl)amino-guanosine (4f), and N7-benzyl-5′-deoxy-5′-(trifluoromethyl-sulfamoyl)guanosine (7a). Collectively, the data we present on structure-based design of eIF4E cap-binding inhibitors should facilitate the optimisation of such compounds as potential anticancer agents.
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Bandyopadhyay S, Bong D. Synthesis of Trifunctional Phosphatidylserine Probes for Identification of Lipid-Binding Proteins. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Lampkins AJ, O'Neil EJ, Smith BD. Bio-orthogonal phosphatidylserine conjugates for delivery and imaging applications. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6053-8. [PMID: 18616222 DOI: 10.1021/jo8011336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of phosphatidylserine (PS) conjugates are described, including fluorescent derivatives for potential cellular delivery and bioimaging applications. Installation of terminal functional groups (amine, thiol, or alkyne) onto the sn-2 chain provides reactive sites for bio-orthogonal conjugation of cargo with suitably protected PS derivatives. An amine-containing PS forms amide bonds with peptidic cargo, a thiol derivative is designed for conjugation to cargo that contain alpha-halo carbonyls or Michael acceptors, and the terminal alkyne PS analogue permits "click" conjugation with any azide-tagged molecule. This latter conjugation method is quite versatile as it can be performed without PS headgroup protection, in aqueous media, and with acid-labile cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Lampkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Walther Cancer Research Center, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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Nifantiev EE, Predvoditelev DA. Acylation of acetals and related geminal systems. The use of this reaction in the synthesis of phospholipids. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1997v066n01abeh000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Seio K, Miyashita T, Sato K, Sekine M. Synthesis and Properties of New Nucleotide Analogues Possessing Squaramide Moieties as New Phosphate Isosters. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Blencowe A, Hayes W. Development and application of diazirines in biological and synthetic macromolecular systems. SOFT MATTER 2005; 1:178-205. [PMID: 32646075 DOI: 10.1039/b501989c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many different reagents and methodologies have been utilised for the modification of synthetic and biological macromolecular systems. In addition, an area of intense research at present is the construction of hybrid biosynthetic polymers, comprised of biologically active species immobilised or complexed with synthetic polymers. One of the most useful and widely applicable techniques available for functionalisation of macromolecular systems involves indiscriminate carbene insertion processes. The highly reactive and non-specific nature of carbenes has enabled a multitude of macromolecular structures to be functionalised without the need for specialised reagents or additives. The use of diazirines as stable carbene precursors has increased dramatically over the past twenty years and these reagents are fast becoming the most popular photophors for photoaffinity labelling and biological applications in which covalent modification of macromolecular structures is the basis to understanding structure-activity relationships. This review reports the synthesis and application of a diverse range of diazirines in macromolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Blencowe
- School of Chemistry, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, UKRG6 6AD.
| | - Wayne Hayes
- School of Chemistry, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, UKRG6 6AD.
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Maung J, Mallari JP, Girtsman TA, Wu LY, Rowley JA, Santiago NM, Brunelle AN, Berkman CE. Probing for a hydrophobic a binding register in prostate-specific membrane antigen with phenylalkylphosphonamidates. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 12:4969-79. [PMID: 15336276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2004] [Revised: 06/22/2004] [Accepted: 06/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To explore for the existence of an auxiliary hydrophobic binding register remote from the active site of PSMA a series of phenylalkylphosphonamidate derivatives of glutamic acid were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory potencies against PSMA. Both the phenyl- and benzylphosphonamidates (1a and 1b) exhibited only modest inhibitory potency against. The phenethyl analog 1c was intermediate in inhibitory potency while inhibitors possessing a longer alkyl tether from the phenyl ring, resulted in markedly improved K(i) values. The greatest inhibitory potency was obtained for the inhibitors in which the phenyl ring was extended furthest from the central phosphorus (1f, n=5 and 1g, n=6). The slightly serrated pattern that emerged as the alkyl tether increased from three to six methylene units suggests that inhibitory potency is not simply correlated to increased hydrophobicity imparted by the phenylalkyl chain, but rather that one or more hydrophobic binding registers may exist remote from the substrate recognition architecture in the active site of PSMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Maung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
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Quesada E, Acuña AU, Amat-Guerri F. New Transmembrane Polyene Bolaamphiphiles as Fluorescent Probes in Lipid Bilayers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:2095-2097. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010601)40:11<2095::aid-anie2095>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2000] [Revised: 02/26/2001] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Richards FM. Whatever happened to the fun? An autobiographical investigation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 1997; 26:1-25. [PMID: 9241411 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biophys.26.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F M Richards
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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Tamura Y, Fukuda W, Tomoi M, Tokuyama S. Polymer-Supported Bases. XII. Regioselective Synthesis of Lysophospholipids Using Polymer-Supported Bicyclic Amidines or Guanidines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919408010612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Stegmann T, Delfino J, Richards F, Helenius A. The HA2 subunit of influenza hemagglutinin inserts into the target membrane prior to fusion. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Brunner J. Testing topological models for the membrane penetration of the fusion peptide of influenza virus hemagglutinin. FEBS Lett 1989; 257:369-72. [PMID: 2583283 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)81574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Low pH-induced binding of the bromelain-solubilized form of influenza virus hemagglutinin (BHA) to membranes occurs through the fusion peptide. From asymmetric hydrophobic photolabeling of membranes, evidence was obtained that this peptide penetrates only one leaflet of the bilayer. The asymmetrical labeling was achieved by employing a photoreactive analogue of a fatty acid whose transbilayer distribution can be manipulated by a membrane proton gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brunner
- Department of Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
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Peculiar membrane morphologies of archaebacterial lipid models: 1,1′-polymethylenebis(2-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(89)90249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Diyizou Y, Genevois A, Lazrak T, Wolff G, Nakatani Y, Ourisson G. Synthesis and properties of a photoreactive transmembrane probe. Tetrahedron Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)96830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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