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Olsen CA, Kristensen AS, Strømgaard K. Niedermolekulare Verbindungen aus Spinnen als chemische Sensoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Olsen CA, Kristensen AS, Strømgaard K. Small molecules from spiders used as chemical probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11296-311. [PMID: 22034051 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Spiders are important species in ecological systems and as major predators of insects they are endowed with a plethora of low-molecular-weight natural products having intriguing biological activities. The isolation and biological characterization of these entities are well established, however, only very recently have these compounds been used as templates for the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of synthetic analogues. In contrast, the investigation of compounds responsible for chemical communication between spiders is far less developed, but recently new light has been shed onto the area of pheromones and allomones from spiders. Herein, we recapitulate these recent results, put them into perspective with previous findings, and provide an outlook for future studies of these chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Olsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Estrada G, Villegas E, Corzo G. Spider venoms: a rich source of acylpolyamines and peptides as new leads for CNS drugs. Nat Prod Rep 2007; 24:145-61. [PMID: 17268611 DOI: 10.1039/b603083c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Advances in NMR and mass spectrometry as well as in peptide biochemistry coupled to modern methods in electrophysiology have permitted the isolation and identification of numerous products from spider venoms, previously explored due to technical limitations. The chemical composition of spider venoms is diverse, ranging from low molecular weight organic compounds such as acylpolyamines to complex peptides. First, acylpolyamines (< 1000 Da) have an aromatic moiety linked to a hydrophilic lateral chain. They were characterized for the first time in spider venoms and are ligand-gated ion channel antagonists, which block mainly postsynaptic glutamate receptors in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. Acylpolyamines represent the vast majority of organic components from the spider venom. Acylpolyamine analogues have proven to suppress hippocampal epileptic discharges. Moreover, acylpolyamines could suppress excitatory postsynaptic currents inducing Ca+ accumulation in neurons leading to protection against a brain ischemic insult. Second, short spider peptides (< 6000 Da) modulate ionic currents in Ca2+, Na+, or K+ voltage-gated ion channels. Such peptides may contain from three to four disulfide bridges. Some spider peptides act specifically to discriminate among Ca2+, Na+, or K+ ion channel subtypes. Their selective affinities for ion channel subfamilies are functional for mapping excitable cells. Furthermore, several of these peptides have proven to hyperpolarize peripheral neurons, which are associated with supplying sensation to the skin and skeletal muscles. Some spider N-type calcium ion channel blockers may be important for the treatment of chronic pain. A special group of spider peptides are the amphipathic and positively charged peptides. Their secondary structure is alpha-helical and they insert into the lipid cell membrane of eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells leading to the formation of pores and subsequently depolarizing the cell membrane. Acylpolyamines and peptides from spider venoms represent an interesting source of molecules for the design of novel pharmaceutical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Estrada
- Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México
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Nihei KI, Kato MJ, Yamane T, Konno K. An efficient and versatile synthesis of all structural types of acylpolyamine spider toxins. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wakamiya T, Yamamoto A, Kawaguchi K, Kinoshita T, Yamaguchi Y, Itagaki Y, Naoki H, Nakajima T. Total Synthesis of the Novel Spider Toxin NPTX-594 fromNephila madagascariencis. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2001. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.74.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Saito H, Yuri E, Miyazawa M, Itagaki Y, Nakajima T, Miyashita M. Total synthesis of NPTX-5 and NPTX-6, Joro spider (Nephila clavata) toxins having a unique putreanine trimer and putreanine tetramer acylpolyamine chain. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)01379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Blagbrough IS, Moya E, Walford SP. Practical, convergent total synthesis of polyamine amide spider toxin NSTX-3. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)02238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gomes de Souza Berlinck R. Some aspects of guanidine secondary metabolites. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 1995; 66:119-295. [PMID: 8847007 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-9363-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Chapter 1 Polyamine Toxins from Spiders and Wasps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(08)60276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Neurotoxic acylpolyamines from spider venoms. J Chem Ecol 1993; 19:2411-51. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00979674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/1993] [Accepted: 05/05/1993] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Miyashita M, Matsushita M, Sato H, Toki T, Nakajima T, Irie H. Total Synthesis of Nephilatoxin-8 (NPTX-8), a New Neurotoxin of Joro Spider (Nephila clavata). CHEM LETT 1993. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1993.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Fiedler WJ, Guggisberg A, Hesse M. Synthetische Analoga von niedermolekularen Spinnentoxinen mit Acyl-polyamin-Struktur. Helv Chim Acta 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19930760304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Miyashita M, Sato H, Yoshikoshi A, Toki T, Matshushita M, Irie H, Yanami T, Kikuchi Y, Takasaki C, Nakajima T. Synthetic studies on spider neurotoxins (I): total synthesis of nephilatoxins (NPTX-9) and NPTX-11), new neurotoxins of Joro spider (Nephila clavata). Tetrahedron Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)78872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Blagbrough IS, Brackley PT, Bruce M, Bycroft BW, Mather AJ, Millington S, Sudan HL, Usherwood PN. Arthropod toxins as leads for novel insecticides: an assessment of polyamine amides as glutamate antagonists. Toxicon 1992; 30:303-22. [PMID: 1326795 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(92)90871-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the search for new toxins, preferably with new sites of action, the polyamine amides represent a new class of compounds with potential as insecticides and as pharmaceutical agents due to their antagonism of ligand-gated cation channels. In particular, they are potent antagonists of the L-glutamate receptors of insect skeletal muscle. In this paper, we report on synthetic studies to produce hybrid analogues based upon the argiotoxin spider toxins and philanthotoxin-433 which is obtained from a solitary, parasitic wasp. We speculate upon possible modes and sites of action for these antagonists and we discuss their potential as insecticides and in the possible treatment of ischaemic damage. The synthesis and characterization of 4-hydroxyphenylpropanoylspermine is reported and the locust muscle biological assay is described. Using this pharmacological screen, structure-activity relationships have been determined in our laboratories. These are reviewed in the light of the current literature. Voltage clamp studies of the synthetic analogue philanthotoxin-343 and the effects of this polyamine amide on glutamate receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes are outlined. In conclusion, a description of our current ideas and understanding of the many sites and modes of action of the polyamine amides, based both upon our own studies and also upon those recently reported, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Blagbrough
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, U.K
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Usherwood PN, Blagbrough IS. Spider toxins affecting glutamate receptors: polyamines in therapeutic neurochemistry. Pharmacol Ther 1991; 52:245-68. [PMID: 1667954 DOI: 10.1016/0163-7258(91)90012-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyamine amide toxins obtained from venous of spiders and wasps interact selectively with ionotropic glutamate receptors (GLU-R) of vertebrate central nervous systems. The sites and modes of action of these polyamine amide toxins are reviewed with particular reference to their structure-activity relationships. Qualitatively, their effects on GLU-R are identical to those exerted by polyamines such as spermine, but the polyamine amides are more potent. These compounds (a) potentiate and (b) antagonize GLU-R, the latter arising through open channel block. For the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor this non-competitive antagonism probably arises through binding of toxin to the Mg2+ site(s) located in the channel gated by this receptor. Similarities and differences between GLU-R in vertebrates and in invertebrates with respect to their interactions with polyamines and polyamine amide toxins are discussed. In both groups the low specificity of these compounds is illustrated by their antagonism at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in addition to GLU-R. Electrophysiological studies, including those employing Xenopus oocytes, are reviewed and future prospects for the use of polyamine amides in therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Usherwood
- Department of Life Science, University of Nottingham, U.K
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Teshima T, Matsumoto T, Wakamiya T, Shiba T, Aramaki Y, Nakajima T, Kawai N. Total synthesis of nstx-3, spider toxin of nephila maculata. Tetrahedron 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)86395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ino H, Nakade S, Niinobe M, Ikenaka K, Teshima T, Wakamiya T, Matsumoto T, Shiba T, Kawai N, Mikoshiba K. Characterization of binding sites for spider toxin, [3H]NSTX-3, in the rat brain. Neurosci Res 1990; 8:29-39. [PMID: 2163047 DOI: 10.1016/0168-0102(90)90054-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A group of spider toxins (JSTX, NSTX, argiopin, argiotoxin etc.) share a basic common structure and have been reported to block strongly quisqualate- and kainate-sensitive glutamate responses in vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. They are presumed to be potent antagonists of both quisqualate and kainate receptors and may serve as useful tools for characterizing these receptors. We report here the synthesis of tritium-labeled NSTX-3 and the characterization of its binding sites in the rat brain. We found that high- and low-affinity binding sites exist in the cerebellum (Kd = 7.75 and 202 nM, Bmax = 0.37 and 5.54 pmol/mg protein, respectively). Synthetic NSTX analogs strongly inhibited [3H]NSTX-3 binding in the cerebellum (IC50 = 10(-7)-10(-6) M), whereas competitive agonists of glutamate receptors (AMPA, quisqualate, NMDA, kainate, glutamate and aspartate) exhibited weak or no inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ino
- Division of Regulation of Macromolecular Function, Osaka University, Japan
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Total synthesis of clavamine, insecticidally active compound isolated from venom of joro spider (Nephila Clavata). Tetrahedron 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)90517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Teshima T, Matsumoto T, Wakamiya T, Shiba T, Nakajima T, Kawai N. Structure-activity relationship of NSTX-3, spider toxin of nephila maculata. Tetrahedron 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)90516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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van Marle J, Piek T, Karst H, Lind A, van Weeren-Kramer J. Presynaptic effects of spider toxins: increase of high affinity uptake in the arthropod peripheral glutamatergic system. EXPERIENTIA 1989; 45:155-6. [PMID: 2563978 DOI: 10.1007/bf01954856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the reported effects of polyamines on the high affinity neurotransmitter uptake, two polyamine-like spider toxins significantly increase the high affinity uptake of glutamate as demonstrated with high resolution autoradiography. The effects of both spider toxins were compared to those of a polyamine toxin from the wasp Philanthus triangulum, which is known to inhibit the high affinity glutamate uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van Marle
- Department of Electron Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Chapter 30. Polyamine Spider Toxins: Unique Pharmacological Tools. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Budd T, Clinton P, Dell A, Duce IR, Johnson SJ, Quicke DL, Taylor GW, Usherwood PN, Usoh G. Isolation and characterisation of glutamate receptor antagonists from venoms of orb-web spiders. Brain Res 1988; 448:30-9. [PMID: 2839270 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(88)91098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Two distinct families of low-molecular-weight toxins (argiotoxins) have been isolated from the venom of the orb-web spider. Argiope trifasciata. The toxins have been purified to homogeneity and characterised by spectroscopic, mass spectrometric and microchemical analysis. The major biologically active member of the first family of toxins is 2,4-dihydroxyphenylacetyl-asparagine linked through a C11-tetra-amine to N-terminal arginine; other members of this family are methylene homologues. The second family of toxins possesses an indolic group in place of the 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl chromophore. The toxins act as non-competitive inhibitors at quisqualate-type glutamatergic receptors on a metathoracic retractor unguis nerve-muscle preparation of Schistocerca gregaria. The loss of the N-terminal arginine reduces biological activity of the first family of toxins, but not of the second. The nature of the polyamine appears to be less important, perhaps acting as a spacer between the cationic arginine and the more hydrophobic aromatic tail of the toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Budd
- Department of Zoology, University of Nottingham, University Park, U.K
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Shimazaki K, Hagiwara K, Hirata Y, Nakajima T, Kawai N. An autoradiographic study of binding of iodinated spider toxin to lobster muscle. Neurosci Lett 1988; 84:173-7. [PMID: 3340322 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(88)90403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Distribution of the binding sites of Joro spider toxin (JSTX), a specific inhibitor of the glutamate receptors in the crustacean neuromuscular synapse, was studied by using autoradiography. JSTX was synthesized and made radioactive by conjugation with iodine-125. 125I-JSTX irreversibly blocked the excitatory postsynaptic potentials of the lobster neuromuscular synapse in a similar manner as the natural spider toxin. Light microscopic autoradiography of 125I-JSTX treated muscle showed sporadic aggregates of reduced silver grains on the surface of muscles. Electron microscopy of adjoining ultrathin sections revealed that these spots corresponded to the fraction of sarcolemma apposed to axonal terminals with or without synaptic junctional profiles. This finding gives morphological support to the formulation that JSTX binds to the glutamate receptor-ion channel molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shimazaki
- Department of Neurobiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neurosciences, Japan
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TOKI TAKASHI, YASUHARA TADASHI, ARAMAKI YOSHIO, OSAWA KANJI, MIWA AKIKO, KAWAI NOBUFUMI, NAKAJIMA TERUMI. ISOLATION AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A SERIES OF NEW SPIDER TOXIN (NEPHILATOXINS) IN THE VENOM OF JORO SPIDER, NEPHILA CLAVATA . Biomed Res 1988. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.9.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - TADASHI YASUHARA
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo
| | - YOSHIO ARAMAKI
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo
| | - KANJI OSAWA
- Research Center, Tokyo University of Ageiculture
| | - AKIKO MIWA
- Department of Neurobiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neurosciences
| | - NOBUFUMI KAWAI
- Department of Neurobiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neurosciences
| | - TERUMI NAKAJIMA
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo
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TOKI TAKASHI, YASUHARA TADASHI, ARAMAKI YOSHIO, KAWAI NOBUFUMI, NAKAJIMA TERUMI. A new type of spider toxin, Nephilatoxin, in the venom of the Joro spider, Nephila clavata . Biomed Res 1988. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.9.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - TADASHI YASUHARA
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo
| | - YOSHIO ARAMAKI
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo
| | - NOBUFUMI KAWAI
- Department of Neurobiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neurosciences
| | - TERUMI NAKAJIMA
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo
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Jasys V, Kelbaugh PR, Nason DM, Phillips D, Saccomano NA, Volkmann RA. The total synthesis of argiotoxins 636, 659 and 673. Tetrahedron Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)82310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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