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Riesco-Llach G, Planas M, Feliu L, Joule JA. 2(1 H)-Pyrazinones from acyclic building blocks: methods of synthesis and further derivatizations. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1162-1184. [PMID: 36686909 PMCID: PMC9811941 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07227k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazinones (2(1H)-pyrazinones) are found as components of a range of natural substances and are involved in the preparation of a great number of bioactive molecules. Synthesis of such compounds, and analogues, requires knowledge of the heterocyclic properties of pyrazinones and, in particular, methods for their ring construction. This review deals with the strategies that have been developed for the synthesis of pyrazinones from acyclic precursors, especially α-amino acid-derived units, from the first examples in 1905 up to the most recent in 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Riesco-Llach
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, Universitat de Girona Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 Girona 17003 Spain
| | - Marta Planas
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, Universitat de Girona Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 Girona 17003 Spain
| | - Lidia Feliu
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, Universitat de Girona Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 Girona 17003 Spain
| | - John A Joule
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
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2
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Potent Antibiotic Lemonomycin: A Glimpse of Its Discovery, Origin, and Chemical Synthesis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134324. [PMID: 35807568 PMCID: PMC9268379 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lemonomycin (1) was first isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces candidus in 1964. The complete chemical structure was not elucidated until 2000 with extensive spectroscopic analysis. Lemonomycin is currently known as the only glycosylated tetrahydroisoquinoline antibiotic. Its potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and complex architecture make it an ideal target for total synthesis. In this short review, we summarize the research status of lemonomycin for biological activity, biosynthesis, and chemical synthesis. The unique deoxy aminosugar-lemonose was proposed to play a crucial role in biological activity, as shown in other antibiotics, such as arimetamycin A, nocathiacin I, glycothiohexide α, and thiazamycins. Given the self-resistance of the original bacterial host, the integration of biosynthesis and chemical synthesis to pursue efficient synthesis and further derivatization is in high demand for the development of novel antibiotics to combat antibiotic-resistant infections.
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3
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Li L, Shi L, Wei K, Yang YR. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)-Quinocarcinamide. Org Lett 2021; 23:7972-7975. [PMID: 34585937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-quinocarcinamide (3), an enantiomer of the natural oxidation product from antitumor antibiotic (-)-quinocarcin (1), is described. Key steps include an iridium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic amidation of racemic alcohol 9, olefin cross-metathesis followed by a SN2' to forge tetrahydroisoquinoline, and stereocontrolled 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between a facilely generated azomethine ylide and tert-butyl acrylate to construct the diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yu-Rong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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4
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A molecular electron density theory study of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of 1,4-diphosphorinium-3-olates with methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-02637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Shainyan BA, Moskalik MY, Astakhova VV, Schilde U. Novel design of 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane framework in oxidative sulfonamidation of 1,5-hexadiene. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Domingo LR, Sáez JA, Joule JA, Rhyman L, Ramasami P. A DFT Study of the [3 + 2] versus [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions of 1,5,6-Trimethylpyrazinium-3-olate with Methyl Methacrylate. J Org Chem 2013; 78:1621-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302730q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis R. Domingo
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose A. Sáez
- Instituto de Tecnología
Química, UPV-CSIC, Camino de Vera
s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - John A. Joule
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.
K
| | - Lydia Rhyman
- Computational Chemistry
Group,
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Ponnadurai Ramasami
- Computational Chemistry
Group,
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
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7
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1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of 1H-pyrazinium-3-olate and N1- and C-methyl substituted pyrazinium-3-olates with methyl acrylate: a density functional theory study. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chao Wu
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Mélanie Liron
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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9
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Koval’ IV. Heterocyclization reactions involving thiols. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428006050010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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A. Joule J, Helliwell M, You Y. The 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Methyl Acrylate to Hindered 3-Oxidopyraziniums. HETEROCYCLES 2006. [DOI: 10.3987/com-06-s(w)22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Torr JE, Large JM, Horton PN, Hursthouse MB, McDonald E. On the nucleophilic tele-substitution of dichloropyrazines by metallated dithianes. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.10.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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13
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Pichlmair S, Mereiter K, Jordis U. Synthesis of orthogonally protected 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid––a versatile building block for the synthesis of cocaine analogues. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Abstract
The first total synthesis of the novel glycosylated tetrahydroisoquinoline antitumor antibiotic (-)-lemonomycin has been accomplished (15 steps from 9). The highly convergent synthesis relies on a key asymmetric dipolar cycloaddition to set the stereochemistry of the aglycone core, a Suzuki fragment coupling to connect the diazabicycle to the aryl subunit, and a stereoselective Pictet-Spengler reaction that incorporates the aminoglycoside subunit directly into the core structure without the need for late-stage glycosylation or protecting group manipulations. The novel aminoglycoside was prepared using a highly diastereoselective Felkin-controlled acetate aldol addition reaction to a threonine-derived ketone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Ashley
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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15
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Scott JD, Williams RM. Chemistry and biology of the tetrahydroisoquinoline antitumor antibiotics. Chem Rev 2002; 102:1669-730. [PMID: 11996547 DOI: 10.1021/cr010212u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 895] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack D Scott
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Total synthesis of quinocarcin and its related compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(96)80009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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17
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Saito S, Tamura O, Kobayashi Y, Matsuda F, Katoh T, Terashima S. Synthetic studies on quinocarcin and its related compounds. 1. Synthesis of enantiomeric pairs of the ABE ring systems of quinocarcin. Tetrahedron 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)80641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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Katoh T, Nagata Y, Kobayashi Y, Arai K, Minami J, Terashima S. Enantioselective synthesis of 5-substituted- and 3,5-disubstituted-2-formylpyrrolidine derivatives, the key D-ring fragments of (−)-quinocarcin and (−)-10-decarboxyquinocarcin. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)73849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reactions of 4,6-diazaphenanthrene 6-phenacylide. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00808675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Synthesis of Isoquinolinequinone Antibiotics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-89558-5.50030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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21
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Williams RM, Glinka T, Gallegos R, Ehrlich PP, Flanagan ME, Coffman H, Park G. Synthesis, conformation, crystal structures and DNA cleavage abilities of tetracyclic analogs of quinocarcin. Tetrahedron 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)81795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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