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Shabir G, Saeed A, Ali F. A comparative study of synthetic approaches towards total synthesis of histrionicotoxin: a selective inhibitor of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2021; 23:919-937. [PMID: 32835524 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2020.1810670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide a critical and comparative account of the total synthetic approaches toward histrionicotoxins, alkaloids isolated from skin extracts of Colombian poison arrow frog Dendrobates histrionicus. We have summarized the maneuvers in each paper by graphically detailing the synthesis and associated reaction niceties of only the key intermediates by different researchers. Fascinating structural feature of histrionicotoxins is "8-hydroxy-l-azaspiro[5.5]undecane core" with two side chains at C-2 and C-7 which differ in their length and nature of unsaturation. All synthetic approaches to histrionicotoxins aim at the construction of key intermediate "azaspiro[5.5]undecane ring" and installation of side chains at C-2 and C-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Shabir
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
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2
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Matsumura K, Nishikawa K, Yoshida H, Niwa T, Fushii Y, Doe M, Morimoto Y. One-Step Synthesis of the 1-Azaspiro[5.5]undecane Skeleton Characteristic of Histrionicotoxin Alkaloids from Linear Substrates via Hg(OTf) 2 -Catalyzed Cycloisomerization. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1882-1886. [PMID: 33973732 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Histrionicotoxin (HTX) alkaloids isolated from the poison arrow frogs possess a unique structure characterized by a 1-azaspiro[5.5]undecane skeleton common to the HTX family. The unique molecular architecture of HTXs and the interest as potential target drugs have prompted synthetic chemists to promote the total synthesis so far. However, all of the synthetic strategies to access the 1-azaspiro[5.5]undecane framework of HTXs take a multistep approach from linear starting materials due to stepwise construction of either six-membered carbo- or azacycle. Herein, we report the direct one-step construction of the 1-azaspiro[5.5]undecane skeleton from linear amino ynone substrates bearing an N-methoxycarbonyl group utilizing our mercuric triflate (Hg(OTf)2 )-catalyzed cycloisomerization reaction. The utility of this novel methodology was demonstrated by the total and formal syntheses of HTX-235A and HTX-283A, respectively, from the azaspirocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Matsumura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiki Niwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Fushii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Matsumi Doe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
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3
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Dai C, Xie Z, Li M, Wang C. Cs
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‐Promoted [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of 4‐Aryliden‐5(4H)‐Oxazolones and β‐Nitrostyrenes: Access to Spirocycloalkyloxazolones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University 180 Siwangting Street Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
| | - Zengyang Xie
- College of Basic MedicineJining Medical University Jining 272067 P. R. China
| | - Mingshuang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University 180 Siwangting Street Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
| | - Cunde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University 180 Siwangting Street Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
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4
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Matsumura K, Nishikawa K, Yoshida H, Doe M, Morimoto Y. Formal total synthesis of histrionicotoxin alkaloids via Hg(OTf)2-catalyzed cycloisomerization and SmI2-induced ring expansion. RSC Adv 2018; 8:11296-11303. [PMID: 35542821 PMCID: PMC9079123 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02011f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient formal total synthesis of histrionicotoxin alkaloids was achieved via Hg(OTf)2-catalyzed cycloisomerization and SmI2-induced ring expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Matsumura
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| | - Keisuke Nishikawa
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| | - Matsumi Doe
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| | - Yoshiki Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
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5
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Sato T, Yoritate M, Tajima H, Chida N. Total synthesis of complex alkaloids by nucleophilic addition to amides. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:3864-3875. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00733k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This mini review focuses on the recent progress of total synthesis of complex alkaloids based on the nucleophilic additions toN-alkoxyamides, tertiary amides and secondary amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University 3-14-1
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Makoto Yoritate
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University 3-14-1
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Hayato Tajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University 3-14-1
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Noritaka Chida
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University 3-14-1
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
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Sato M, Azuma H, Daigaku A, Sato S, Takasu K, Okano K, Tokuyama H. Total Synthesis of (−)-Histrionicotoxin through a Stereoselective Radical Translocation-Cyclization Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Hiroki Azuma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Akihiro Daigaku
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project and Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR); 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
- AIMR and Department of Chemistry; Tohoku University; Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Kiyosei Takasu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Kentaro Okano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tokuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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Total Synthesis of (−)-Histrionicotoxin through a Stereoselective Radical Translocation-Cyclization Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:1087-1091. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hager A, Vrielink N, Hager D, Lefranc J, Trauner D. Synthetic approaches towards alkaloids bearing α-tertiary amines. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 33:491-522. [PMID: 26621771 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00096c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids account for some of the most beautiful and biologically active natural products. Although they are usually classified along biosynthetic criteria, they can also be categorized according to certain structural motifs. Amongst these, the α-tertiary amine (ATA), i.e. a tetrasubstituted carbon atom surrounded by three carbons and one nitrogen, is particularly interesting. A limited number of methods have been described to access this functional group and fewer still are commonly used in synthesis. Herein, we review some approaches to asymmetrically access ATAs and provide an overview of alkaloid total syntheses where those have been employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Hager
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, Butenandtstr. 5 - 13, 81377 München, Germany.
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9
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Hussaini SR, Chamala RR, Wang Z. The Eschenmoser sulfide contraction method and its application in the synthesis of natural products. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Adachi Y, Kamei N, Yokoshima S, Fukuyama T. Total synthesis of (-)-histrionicotoxin. Org Lett 2011; 13:4446-9. [PMID: 21793562 DOI: 10.1021/ol2018032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A total synthesis of (-)-histrionicotoxin was achieved. Our synthesis features preparation of a pseudosymmetrical dienyne through chirality transfer from an allenylsilane, a dienyne metathesis to produce the bicyclo [5.4.0] system in optically active form, selective functionalization of a diene via a 5-exo-trig iodoetherification, and an asymmetric propargylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Adachi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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12
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Wilson MS, Padwa A. A Stereoselective Approach to the Azaspiro[5.5]undecane Ring System Using a Conjugate Addition/Dipolar Cycloaddition Cascade: Application to the Total Synthesis of (±)-2,7,8-epi-Perhydrohistrionicotoxin. J Org Chem 2008; 73:9601-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801295e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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13
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Vedejs E, Peterson MJ. Stereochemistry and Mechanism in the Wittig Reaction. TOPICS IN STEREOCHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470147306.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Sinclair A, Stockman RA. Thirty-five years of synthetic studies directed towards the histrionicotoxin family of alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 2007; 24:298-326. [PMID: 17389999 DOI: 10.1039/b604203c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article brings together for the first time reviews of all the synthetic attempts towards the spirocyclic histrionicotoxin alkaloids published since the discovery of the group in 1971. This covers 5 total syntheses of the fully unsaturated parent alkaloid HTX-283A, 7 total syntheses of perhydrohistrionicotoxin, 15 total syntheses of other members of this alkaloid family, 25 formal syntheses, and 19 partial syntheses involving the successful formation of the core azaspirocyclic structure but lacking advancement towards the target structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Sinclair
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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Karatholuvhu MS, Sinclair A, Newton AF, Alcaraz ML, Stockman RA, Fuchs PL. A Concise Total Synthesis of dl-Histrionicotoxin. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:12656-7. [PMID: 17002353 DOI: 10.1021/ja065015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of (+/-)-histrionicotoxin has been achieved in just nine steps using a two-directional synthesis strategy. Key reactions include a two-directional cross-metathesis, a tandem oxime formation/Michael addition/1,4-prototopic shift/[3 + 2]-cycloaddition cascade, a selective Z,Z-bisenyne formation, and a one-pot N-O and bischloroacetylene reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheswaran S Karatholuvhu
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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16
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Dake G. Recent approaches to the construction of 1-azaspiro[4.5]decanes and related 1-azaspirocycles. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Banwell MG, Vogt F, Wu AW. Assembly of the 1-Azaspiro[5.5]undecane Framework Associated with Perhydrohistrionicotoxin via Electrocyclic Ring-Opening of a Ring-Fused gem-Dichlorocyclopropane and Trapping of the Resulting π-Allyl Cation by a Tethered, Nitrogen-Centered Nucleophile. Aust J Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1071/ch06218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The carbamate-tethered gem-dichlorocyclopropane 27 was prepared, as a mixture of epimers, in ten steps from commercially available β,γ-unsaturated nitrile 9. Upon treatment with silver acetate under a range of reaction conditions, compound 27 underwent electrocyclic ring opening to give the corresponding π-allyl cation that was then trapped by the reaction solvent, chloride ion, and/or acetate ion, and so affording varying mixtures of the chlorocyclohexenes 28, 29, 30, and/or 31. Sequential treatment of the same substrate with LiHMDS (to generate the conjugate base of this carbamate) then silver tetrafluoroborate afforded the chlorocyclohexadiene 32 as the exclusive product of reaction. No spirocyclization product of the type 3 arising from trapping of the intermediate π-allyl cation by the tethered carbamate was observed under any of the reaction conditions examined. In contrast, analogous treatment of the more rigid system 38 afforded compound 39 incorporating the 1-azaspiro[5.5]undecane framework associated with the potent neurotoxin perhydrohistrionicotoxin (2).
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Bera S. An Enantioselective Synthesis of 1-Azaspiro[5.5]undecane Ring System of Histrionicotoxin Alkaloids from D(+)-Glucose. HETEROCYCLES 2005. [DOI: 10.3987/com-05-10540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Hsung R, Kurdyumov A, Sydorenko N. A Formal [3 + 3] Cycloaddition Approach to Natural‐Product Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard P. Hsung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Aleksey V. Kurdyumov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Nadiya Sydorenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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20
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Russowsky D, da Silveira Neto BA. The influence of the ring size of thiolactams in the Eschenmoser coupling reaction in presence of DBU. Formation of bicyclic thiazolidinones or thioimines. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Khan FA, Dash J. A novel and expeditious approach to unusual spirolactam building blocks. J Org Chem 2003; 68:4556-9. [PMID: 12762770 DOI: 10.1021/jo034023i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A rapid access to 7-azaspiro[4.5]decan-6-ones 1 involving three regio- and chemoselective reactions starting from tetrabromonorbornyl derivatives is described. The alkaline H(2)O(2) cleavage reaction of monosubstituted alpha-diketones 9 furnished the potential bridged bicyclic lactones 10in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner. The radical-mediated, intermolecular bridgehead C-C bond formation of the versatile bridged lactones 10 with acrylonitrile followed by LAH reduction of the adduct 13 intriguingly leads to the formation of novel spirolactam building blocks 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Ahmed Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208 016, India.
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22
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Russowsky D, da Silveira Neto BA. A concise and stereoselective synthesis of (+/−)-erythro-methylphenidate. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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24
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25
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Karadogan B, Edwards N, Parsons PJ. A novel synthesis oftrans-enynes from substituted tetrahydropyrans. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Luzzio FA, Fitch RW. Formal Synthesis of (+)- and (-)-Perhydrohistrionicotoxin: A "Double Henry"/Enzymatic Desymmetrization Route to the Kishi Lactam(1). J Org Chem 1999; 64:5485-5493. [PMID: 11674611 DOI: 10.1021/jo990293i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Both antipodes of the Kishi lactam (3), the versatile intermediate for the synthesis of the perhydrohistrionicotoxin (pHTX) alkaloids, have been prepared. The synthetic route involved a "double Henry" condensation between glutaraldehyde and nitroacetal 5 giving meso dioxanyldiol 4 which was acetylated and reduced to afford meso dioxane amide 8. Ultrasound-promoted deacetalization of 8 followed by Wittig olefination and reduction provided meso amide ester 10. Hydrolysis of 10 with aqueous acid followed by dehydrative cyclization with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide gave lactamdiol 11. Acetylation of 11 gave meso diacetate 2 which was an excellent substrate for esterase-mediated hydrolysis to hydroxyacetate 12. Deoxygenation of 12 using a Barton protocol, followed by Zemplén deacylation and Swern oxidation, gave the (-)-antipode of the Kishi lactam (3). Moffatt oxidation of hydroxyacetate 12 followed by ketal protection and Zemplén deacylation gave ketalalcohol 19. Barton deoxygenation of 19 followed by ketal hydrolysis gave (+)-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A. Luzzio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
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27
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Williams GM, Roughley SD, Davies JE, Holmes AB, Adams JP. Synthesis of (−)-Histrionicotoxin by a Tandem Process. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja990138l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M. Williams
- University Chemical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Stephen D. Roughley
- University Chemical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - John E. Davies
- University Chemical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Andrew B. Holmes
- University Chemical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Joseph P. Adams
- Medicines Research Centre GlaxoWellcome Research and Development Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
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28
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Arimoto H, Asano S, Uemura D. Synthesis of pinnaic acid; Asymmetric construction of spirocyclic core. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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29
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30
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A convergent enantioselective total synthesis of (−)-perhydrohistrionicotoxin with an intramolecular imino ene-type reaction as a key step. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Fitch RW, Luzzio FA. Ultrasound in natural products synthesis: applications to the synthesis of histrionicotoxin via nitroalkanal acetals. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 1997; 4:99-107. [PMID: 11237051 DOI: 10.1016/s1350-4177(97)00006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound promoted the Kornblum reaction of silver nitrite or sodium nitrite with haloalkyl acetals to afford the corresponding C-nitro compounds. The acetalprotected nitro compounds were used as reactants in a 'double Henry' reaction to produce the key intermediate nitrocyclohexane diol with a masked aldehyde side chain. The nitrodiol was then subjected to an ultrasound-promoted one-pot/single operation sequence involving a reduction deprotection followed by a cyclization-reduction. The entire sequence provided the core spiropiperidine substructure of the histrionicotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Fitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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32
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Parsons PJ, Penkett CS, Shell AJ. Tandem Reactions in Organic Synthesis: Novel Strategies for Natural Product Elaboration and the Development of New Synthetic Methodology. Chem Rev 1996; 96:195-206. [PMID: 11848750 DOI: 10.1021/cr950023+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Parsons
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, U.K
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33
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