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Khandelwal S, Tailor YK, Kumar M. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as eco-friendly and sustainable solvent/catalyst systems in organic transformations. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Šmit BM, Pavlović RZ, Milenković DA, Marković ZS. Mechanism, kinetics and selectivity of selenocyclization of 5-alkenylhydantoins: an experimental and computational study. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1865-75. [PMID: 26664604 PMCID: PMC4661018 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism and selectivity of a bicyclic hydantoin formation by selenium-induced cyclization are investigated. The proposed mechanism involves the intermediates formed by an electrophilic addition of the selenium reagent on a double bond of the starting 5-alkenylhydantoin prior the cyclization. These intermediates are readily converted into the more stable cyclic seleniranium cations. A key step of the mechanism is an intramolecular cyclization which is realized through an anti-attack of the internal nucleophile, the amidic nitrogen, to the seleniranium cation yielding the intermediate imidazolinium cations. Their deprotonation is followed by the formation of the fused bicyclic reaction products. Important intermediates and key transition states are studied by using density functional theory (DFT) methods. The pathways of the reaction are investigated in detail. There are two regioselective pathways related to 5-exo and 6-endo products. Theoretical calculations and the monitoring of the cyclization reaction using (1)H NMR spectroscopy are in a good agreement with the proposed mechanism and are consistent with our experimental results. The preferred pathway for formation of 5-exo products is confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana M Šmit
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12 P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Radoslav Z Pavlović
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12 P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dejan A Milenković
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zoran S Marković
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Chemical-Technological Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
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Šmit BM, Pavlović RZ. Three-step synthetic pathway to fused bicyclic hydantoins involving a selenocyclization step. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hillier MC, Gong HH, Clyne DS, Babcock MJ. Synthesis of hydantoins and dihydrouracils via thermally-promoted cyclization of ureidoacetamides. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Blanco-Ania D, Hermkens PHH, Sliedregt LAJM, Scheeren HW, Rutjes FPJT. Solution-Phase Parallel Annulation of (Thio)hydantoins to Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Tetrahydro-β-carbolines Containing the 2-Arylethyl Amine Scaffold. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:547-55. [DOI: 10.1021/cc8001926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Blanco-Ania
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Schering-Plough, P.O. Box 20, 5340 BH Oss, The Netherlands; and Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Sector Discovery Weesp, P.O. Box 900, 1380 DA Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro H. H. Hermkens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Schering-Plough, P.O. Box 20, 5340 BH Oss, The Netherlands; and Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Sector Discovery Weesp, P.O. Box 900, 1380 DA Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A. J. M. Sliedregt
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Schering-Plough, P.O. Box 20, 5340 BH Oss, The Netherlands; and Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Sector Discovery Weesp, P.O. Box 900, 1380 DA Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W. Scheeren
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Schering-Plough, P.O. Box 20, 5340 BH Oss, The Netherlands; and Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Sector Discovery Weesp, P.O. Box 900, 1380 DA Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Floris P. J. T. Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Schering-Plough, P.O. Box 20, 5340 BH Oss, The Netherlands; and Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Sector Discovery Weesp, P.O. Box 900, 1380 DA Weesp, The Netherlands
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Chen CH, Chang CM, Chen HY, Lai JJ, Sun CM. Scaffold-Directed Traceless Synthesis of Tetrahydro-β-carbolinehydantoins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 9:618-26. [PMID: 17583962 DOI: 10.1021/cc070035w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologically interesting tetrahydro-beta-carbolinehydantoins have been prepared through four-step traceless synthesis by a combinatorial approach. Two-arm PEG 1 (MW approximately 4000) was used as a soluble polymer support and reacted with Fmoc-protected L-tryptophane 2 to form bis-ester 3. The resulting polymer-supported amino ester 3 was deprotected, and amino ester 4 underwent Pictet-Spengler reaction with varoius ketones to form tricyclic indoles 5. The nucleophilic piperidine in the tricyclic indole reacted with isocyanate to generate the urea intermediates and simultaneously intramolecular cyclization to release the target compounds 7 from the support in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hau Chen
- Laboratory of Combinatorial Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300-10, ROC
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Koketsu M, Takahashi A, Ishihara H. A facile preparation of selenohydantoins using isoselenocyanate. J Heterocycl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570440113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Dieltiens N, Claeys DD, Zhdankin VV, Nemykin VN, Allaert B, Verpoort F, Stevens CV. The Pyroglutamate Hydantoin Rearrangement. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dieltiens N, Claeys DD, Stevens CV. Synthesis of N(3),N‘(3)-Polymethylene-bis-hydantoins and Their Macrocyclic Derivatives. J Org Chem 2006; 71:3863-8. [PMID: 16674061 DOI: 10.1021/jo060370r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and straightforward two-step approach toward N3,N'3-polymethylene-bis-hydantoins was developed. As a first step, a pyroglutamate is reacted with a diisocyanate to produce a bis-carbamoyllactam. The second step is a double-ring transformation by treatment of this bis-carbamoyllactam with KOtBu in ethanol. In this fashion N3,N'3-polymethylene-bis-hydantoins are produced in two quantitative steps and under very mild conditions. When properly derivatized, these compounds can be converted to their macrocyclic derivatives upon treatment with 5 mol % of second-generation Grubbs' catalyst. These macrocyclic derivatives are so far not described in the literature. It was proven that exclusively (E)-isomers are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Dieltiens
- Research group Synbioc, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Charton J, Cazenave Gassiot A, Girault-Mizzi S, Debreu-Fontaine MA, Melnyk P, Sergheraert C. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of Tic-hydantoin derivatives as selective sigma1 ligands. Part 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4833-7. [PMID: 16140011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2005] [Revised: 07/07/2005] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Herein is described a new class of selective sigma1 ligands consisting of tetrahydroisoquinoline-hydantoin (Tic-hydantoin) derivatives. Compound 3a has high affinity (IC50 = 16 nM) for the sigma1 receptor and is selective in a large panel of therapeutic targets. This first study presents structural changes around the Tic-hydantoin core, leading to a Tic-hydantoin analogue with a higher sigma1 affinity (IC50 approximately 1 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Charton
- UMR CNRS 8525, Université de Lille II, Institut de Biologie et Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, B.P. 447, 59021 Lille cedex, France
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Cazenave Gassiot A, Charton J, Girault-Mizzi S, Gilleron P, Debreu-Fontaine MA, Sergheraert C, Melnyk P. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of Tic-hydantoin derivatives as selective sigma1 ligands. Part 2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4828-32. [PMID: 16140009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2005] [Revised: 07/07/2005] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein is described a new class of selective sigma1 ligands consisting of tetrahydroisoquinoline-hydantoin (Tic-hydantoin) derivatives. Compound 1a has high affinity (IC50 = 16 nM) for sigma1 receptor and is selective in a large panel of therapeutic targets. This study presents structural changes on the side chain of the Tic-hydantoin core. Analogs of higher affinity could be identified (IC50 approximately 2-3 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Cazenave Gassiot
- UMR CNRS 8525, Université de Lille II, Institut de Biologie et Institut Pasteur de Lille 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, B.P. 447, 59021 Lille cedex, France
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Abstract
Fluorous tagging strategy is applied to solution-phase parallel synthesis of a library containing hydantoin and thiohydantoin analogs. Two perfluoroalkyl (Rf)-tagged alpha-amino esters each react with six aromatic aldehydes under reductive amination conditions. Twelve amino esters then each react with 10 isocyanates and isothiocyanates in parallel. The resulting 120 ureas and thioureas undergo spontaneous cyclization to form the corresponding hydantoins and thiohydantoins. The intermediate and final product purifications are performed with solid-phase extraction (SPE) over FluoroFlash cartridges, no chromatography is required. Using standard instruments and straightforward SPE technique, one chemist accomplished the 120-member library synthesis in less than five working days, including starting material synthesis and product analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Author for correspondence: Fluorous Technologies, Inc. University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center, 970 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA. Phone: +1-412-826-3062, fax: +1-412-826-3053, e-mail:
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Hetényi A, Martinek TA, Lázár L, Zalán Z, Fülöp F. Substituent-dependent negative hyperconjugation in 2-aryl-1,3-N,N-heterocycles. fine-tuned anomeric effect? J Org Chem 2003; 68:5705-12. [PMID: 12839466 DOI: 10.1021/jo034417+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The epimerization reactions of conformationally inflexible 2-aryl-1,3-N,N-heterocycles were used as model systems to study the role of the nitrogen lone pair-C2 associated antibonding orbital hyperconjugative interactions in the experimentally observed substituent-dependent generalized anomeric effect. The measured reaction free enthalpies were found to correlate well with the sum of the hyperconjugative stabilization energies of all the vicinal donor-acceptor orbital overlaps around C2, obtained from ab initio NBO analysis, and both quantities correlated linearly with the Hammett-Brown substituent constant. The individual stereoelectronic interactions (n(N)-sigma(C2)(-)(N), n(N)-sigma(C2)(-)(Ar), n(N)-sigma(C2)(-)(H)) were also observed to exhibit a substituent dependence, despite their distance from the 2-aryl substituent and their nonperiplanar arrangement. The higher the electron-withdrawing effect of the 2-aryl substituent, the larger was the stabilization for n(N)-sigma(C2)(-)(Ar), while the overlaps n(N)-sigma(C2)(-)(N) and n(N)-sigma(C2)(-)(H) changed in the opposite sense. The different polarization of the acceptor sigma orbitals, caused by the 2-aryl substituent, accounted for the observed propagation of the substituent effect. These results promote a detailed explanation of the useful tautomeric behavior of the 2-aryl-1,3-X,N-heterocycles, and reveal the nature of the connection between the anomeric effect and the Hammett-type linear free energy relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anasztázia Hetényi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, POB 121, Hungary
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Bonnet D, Ganesan A. Solid-phase synthesis of tetrahydro-beta-carbolinehydantoins via the N-acyliminium Pictet-Spengler reaction and cyclative cleavage. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2002; 4:546-8. [PMID: 12425597 DOI: 10.1021/cc020026h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Bonnet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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