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Liu Z, Chen X, Chen Q, Feng J, Wang M, Wu Q, Zhu D. Engineering of l-threonine aldolase for the preparation of 4-(methylsulfonyl)phenylserine, an important intermediate for the synthesis of florfenicol and thiamphenicol. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 137:109551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Moschner J, Stulberg V, Fernandes R, Huhmann S, Leppkes J, Koksch B. Approaches to Obtaining Fluorinated α-Amino Acids. Chem Rev 2019; 119:10718-10801. [PMID: 31436087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine does not belong to the pool of chemical elements that nature uses to build organic matter. However, chemists have exploited the unique properties of fluorine and produced countless fluoro-organic compounds without which our everyday lives would be unimaginable. The incorporation of fluorine into amino acids established a completely new class of amino acids and their properties, and those of the biopolymers constructed from them are extremely interesting. Increasing interest in this class of amino acids caused the demand for robust and stereoselective synthetic protocols that enable straightforward access to these building blocks. Herein, we present a comprehensive account of the literature in this field going back to 1995. We place special emphasis on a particular fluorination strategy. The four main sections describe fluorinated versions of alkyl, cyclic, aromatic amino acids, and also nickel-complexes to access them. We progress by one carbon unit increments. Special cases of amino acids for which there is no natural counterpart are described at the end of each section. Synthetic access to each of the amino acids is summarized in form of a table at the end of this article with the aim to make the information easily accessible to the reader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Moschner
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Valentina Stulberg
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Rita Fernandes
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Susanne Huhmann
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Jakob Leppkes
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Beate Koksch
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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Progress in using threonine aldolases for preparative synthesis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 119:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Čech J, Hessel V, Přibyl M. Aldolase catalyzed L-phenylserine synthesis in a slug-flow microfluidic system – Performance and diastereoselectivity studies. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Seashore-Ludlow B, Villo P, Häcker C, Somfai P. Enantioselective Synthesis of anti-β-Hydroxy-α-amido Esters via Transfer Hydrogenation. Org Lett 2010; 12:5274-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102323k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brinton Seashore-Ludlow
- Organic Chemistry, KTH Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Piret Villo
- Organic Chemistry, KTH Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Christine Häcker
- Organic Chemistry, KTH Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peter Somfai
- Organic Chemistry, KTH Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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Chen X, Zhu Y, Qiao Z, Xie M, Lin L, Liu X, Feng X. Efficient Synthesis of β-Hydroxy-α-Amino Acid Derivatives via Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of α-Isothiocyanato Imide with Aldehydes. Chemistry 2010; 16:10124-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Vecchione MK, Li L, Seidel D. Catalytic enantioselective aldol additions of α-isothiocyanato imides to α-ketoesters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:4604-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00556h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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XU H, MENG QH, ZHANG ZG. Asymmetric Hydrogenation ofα-Hydroxy Ketones: A Reaction Sensitive toward Electronic Effect of Substrates. CHINESE J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200890299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bodkin JA, Bacskay GB, McLeod MD. The Sharpless asymmetric aminohydroxylation reaction: optimising ligand/substrate control of regioselectivity for the synthesis of 3- and 4-aminosugars. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:2544-53. [DOI: 10.1039/b803310b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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A Practical and Simple Method of Recycling Catalyst in Asymmetric Aminohydroxylation of Olefins. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2007. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2007.28.8.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Steinreiber J, Fesko K, Reisinger C, Schürmann M, van Assema F, Wolberg M, Mink D, Griengl H. Threonine aldolases—an emerging tool for organic synthesis. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Willis MC, Cutting GA, Piccio VJD, Durbin MJ, John MP. The Direct Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Protected Aryl ?-Hydroxy-?-Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:1543-5. [PMID: 15678437 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200462125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Willis MC, Cutting GA, Piccio VJD, Durbin MJ, John MP. The Direct Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Protected Aryl ?-Hydroxy-?-Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200462125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Borri Voltattorni C, Bertoldi M, Bianconi S, Deng WP, Wong K, Kim I, Herbert B, Kirk KL. Behavior of fluorinated analogs of L-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine and L-threo-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)serine as substrates for Dopa decarboxylase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 295:107-11. [PMID: 12083775 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have determined the kinetic parameters for Dopa decarboxylase (DDC) of three ring-fluorinated analogs of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa). The rank order of catalytic efficiency of decarboxylation (k(cat)/K(m)) is Dopa>6-F-Dopa>2-F-Dopa>5-F-Dopa. This rank is consistent with previous in vivo and in vitro studies which indicate that, of the fluorinated analogs, 6-F-Dopa has pharmacokinetics that are most suited for positron emission tomographic (PET) evaluation of dopamine function. The effectiveness of PET as a diagnostic tool, the convenient half-life of (18)F (110 min) and the favorable pharmacokinetics of 6-[(18)F]FDOPA have combined to make this an extremely valuable reagent to study dopaminergic activity. The reactions of the related fluorinated DOPS analogs show that, while 6-F-threo-3,4-(dihydroxyphenyl)serine (DOPS) is decarboxylated at approximately the same rate as the non-fluorinated substrate, 2-F-threo-DOPS is not converted into the corresponding amine. In both cases a Pictet-Spengler condensation with the pyridoxal 5(')-phosphate (PLP) cofactor occurs to produce tetrahydroisoquinolines. Condensation of fluorinated catecholamines and catechol amino acids with endogenous aldehydes will be investigated as an approach to study possible mechanisms of L-Dopa-linked neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Borri Voltattorni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e della Visione, Sezione di Chimica Biologica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy.
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