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Abstract
This review deals with the synthesis of naturally occurring alkaloids containing partially or completely saturated pyrimidine nuclei. The interest in these compounds is associated with their structural diversity, high biological activity and toxicity. The review is divided into four parts, each of which describes a number of synthetic methodologies toward structurally different naturally occurring alkaloids containing saturated cyclic six-membered amidine, guanidine, aminal and urea (thiourea) moieties, respectively. The development of various synthetic strategies for the preparation of these compounds has remarkably increased during the past few decades. This is primarily due to the fact that some of these compounds are isolated only in limited quantities, which makes it practically impossible to study their full structural characteristics and biological activity.
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2
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Gonela UM, Yadav JS. Synthesis of chiral propargyl alcohols following the base-induced elimination protocol: application in the total synthesis of natural products. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05626b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of enantiomerically pure propargyl alcohols is one of the most important tools in organic synthesis and “base-induced elimination of β-alkoxy chlorides” could offer the enantiomerically pure propargyl alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Maheshwar Gonela
- Natural Product Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Jhillu S. Yadav
- Natural Product Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
- School of Science
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhillu Singh Yadav
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana India 500007
| | - Ailuri Ramesh Reddy
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana India 500007
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia 2500
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4
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Abstract
Enantioselective catalytic methods allowing the addition of both a nucleophile and an electrophile onto diazo compounds give a fast access into important building blocks. Herein, we report the highly enantioselective oxyalkynylation of diazo compounds using ethynylbenziodoxol-(on)e reagents and a simple copper bisoxazoline catalyst. The obtained α-benzoyloxy propargylic esters are useful building blocks, which are difficult to synthesize in enantiopure form using other methods. The obtained products could be efficiently transformed into vicinal diols and α-hydroxy propargylic esters without loss in enantiopurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Prasad Hari
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO , BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO , BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Ueno S, Nakazaki A, Nishikawa T. A Synthetic Strategy for Saxitoxin Skeleton by a Cascade Bromocyclization: Total Synthesis of (+)-Decarbamoyl-α-saxitoxinol. Org Lett 2016; 18:6368-6371. [PMID: 27978691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new synthetic strategy for the formation of the ABC tricyclic framework of saxitoxin was developed. The BC ring moiety, including a spiro-aminal structure, was first constructed stereoselectively by a newly designed cascade bromocyclization of a readily available internal alkyne bearing guanidine and urea. The A ring was then synthesized by a guanylation of a cyclic urea, easily prepared via the oxidative cleavage of the diol of the cascade product, followed by addition of cyanide. This strategy enables the concise stereocontrolled total synthesis of (+)-decarbamoyl-α-saxitoxinol, which is a naturally occurring saxitoxin analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohei Ueno
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Atsuo Nakazaki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Toshio Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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6
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Halle MB, Fernandes RA. Total Synthesis of Marine Natural Products: Cephalosporolides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh B. Halle
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai; Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra India
| | - Rodney A. Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai; Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra India
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7
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Kumar R, Rej RK, Nanda S. Asymmetric total synthesis of (−)-mangiferaelactone by using an appropriately substituted thiophene as a masked synthon for C-alkyl glycoside. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Yadav J, Rahman MA, Reddy NM, Prasad A. Synthesis of spiroketal fragment of ossamycin via Prins cyclization. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Hussain H, Green IR, Krohn K, Ahmed I. Advances in the total synthesis of biologically important callipeltosides: a review. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:640-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np20110d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Janardhan Reddy P, Srinivas Reddy A, Yadav J, Subba Reddy B. Total synthesis of 7-desmethoxyfusarentin and its methyl ether. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Yadav JS, Boyapelly K, Alugubelli SR, Pabbaraja S, Vangala JR, Kalivendi SV. Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Oploxyne A, (−)-Oploxyne B, and Their C-10 Epimers and Structure Revision of Natural Oploxyne B. J Org Chem 2011; 76:2568-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102445h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Yadav
- Organic Division-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, CSIR, Hyderabad-500 607, India
- King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kumaraswamy Boyapelly
- Organic Division-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, CSIR, Hyderabad-500 607, India
| | | | - Srihari Pabbaraja
- Organic Division-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, CSIR, Hyderabad-500 607, India
| | - Janakiram R Vangala
- Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, CSIR, Hyderabad-500 607, India
| | - Shasi V Kalivendi
- Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, CSIR, Hyderabad-500 607, India
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12
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Candy M, Audran G, Bienaymé H, Bressy C, Pons JM. Total Synthesis of (+)-Crocacin C Using Hidden Symmetry. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1354-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902582w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Candy
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, iSm2 CNRS UMR 6263-équipe STeRéO, Campus Saint-Jérôme 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - Gérard Audran
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, iSm2 CNRS UMR 6263-équipe STeRéO, Campus Saint-Jérôme 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - Hugues Bienaymé
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, iSm2 CNRS UMR 6263-équipe STeRéO, Campus Saint-Jérôme 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - Cyril Bressy
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, iSm2 CNRS UMR 6263-équipe STeRéO, Campus Saint-Jérôme 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - Jean-Marc Pons
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, iSm2 CNRS UMR 6263-équipe STeRéO, Campus Saint-Jérôme 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France
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13
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Ramana CV, Suryawanshi SB, Gonnade RG. Pd(II)-Mediated Alkynediol Spiroketalization: First Total Synthesis of (−)-Cephalosporolide E and (+)-Cephalosporolide F. J Org Chem 2009; 74:2842-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802539z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. V. Ramana
- National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411 008, India
| | | | - Rajesh G. Gonnade
- National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411 008, India
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14
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Abstract
A synthesis of the macrocyclic core structure of callipeltoside A and a C9 epimer has been achieved by applications of chiral vinylzinc or Kishi-Nozaki-Hiyama (K-N-H) additions, Roskamp homologations, and acylketene or intramolecular K-N-H macrolactonizations as key bond-forming steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO Box 40019, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
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15
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Yadav J, Reddy MS, Rao PP, Prasad A. Stereoselective synthesis of anti-1,3-diol units via Prins cyclisation: application to the synthesis of (−)-sedamine. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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17
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Gurjar MK, Khaladkar TP, Borhade RG, Murugan A. Carbohydrate-based synthesis of crocacin: stereoselective Heck reaction of carbohydrate 5,6-ene- and 5,6-yne-derivatives with aromatic halides. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Yadav J, Maiti A. A highly efficient and practical method for the synthesis of chiral polyhydroxy diacetylenic alcohols. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Martin SF, Hillier MC. Applications of Intramolecular Cyclopropanations of Chiral Secondary Allylic Diazoacetates. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- C Curfman
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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21
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Marshall JA, Adams ND. Addition of Allenylzinc Reagents, Prepared in Situ from Nonracemic Propargylic Mesylates, to Aldehydes. A New Synthesis of Highly Enantioenriched Homopropargylic Alcohols. J Org Chem 1999; 64:5201-5204. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9823083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901
| | - Nicholas D. Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901
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22
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Lu W, Zheng G, Gao D, Cai J. Syntheses of two diastereoisomers of panaxytriol, a potent antitumor agent isolated from panax ginseng. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Lu W, Zheng G, Cai J. Syntheses of two enantiomers of eicos-(4E)-en-1-yn-3-ol, a bioactive component of the marine sponge Cribrochalina vasculum. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Marshall JA, Adams ND. Synthesis of Chiral Enantioenriched Homopropargylic Alcohols from Propargylic Mesylates via Chiral Allenylzinc Intermediates. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo980623j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901
| | - Nicholas D. Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901
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25
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Martin SF, Hillier MC. Diastereodifferentiation in intramolecular cyclopropanations of chiral secondary allylic diazoacetates. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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27
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Marshall JA, Jiang H. Total synthesis of the threo, trans, threo-mono-tetrahydrofuran annonaceous acetogenin longifolicin. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Shieh SJ, Fan JS, Chandrasekharam M, Liao FL, Wang SL, Liu RS. Siloxy Effect on Intramolecular Cyclization of Tungsten−η1-Siloxypropargyl Complexes: Formation of 2,5-Dihydrofurans versus γ-Lactones. Organometallics 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/om970335y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shwu-Ju Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jang-Shyang Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Fen-Ling Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sue-Lein Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rai-Shung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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29
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Yadav J, Barma D, Dutta D. A highly efficient practical method for the synthesis of chiral polyhydroxy-(E,E)-1-chlorodienols and (E)-5-hydroxy enynes. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)00907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Marshall JA, Wolf MA, Wallace EM. Synthetic Routes to Allenic Acids and Esters and Their Stereospecific Conversion to Butenolides. J Org Chem 1997; 62:367-371. [PMID: 11671411 DOI: 10.1021/jo9618740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of allenic acids and esters and their conversion to butenolides has been examined in some detail. Racemic butenolides 10 are efficiently prepared from the esters 8 through treatment with BCl(3) and exposure of the derived acid 9 to catalytic AgNO(3) in acetone. Conversion of the enantioenriched allenylstannane (S)-17 to the acid 18 through lithiation and subsequent carboxylation with CO(2) afforded racemic product. The enantioenriched propargylic mesylates 16 and 22 afforded the allenic esters 19 and 23 with inversion of configuration through treatment with Pd(Ph(3)P)(4), CO, and the appropriate alcohol in THF. These reactions proceeded with ca. 10% or less of racemization. The allenic esters 23 yielded the iodobutenolides 24 by reaction with IBr. Hydrogenolysis to the butenolide 25 was achieved with Pd(PPh(3))(4) and Bu(3)SnH. Alternatively, the allenic acids 27 could be prepared directly from mesylates 22 with Pd(PPh(3))(4) and CO in aqueous THF. Cyclization to the butenolides 25 was achieved, as before, with catalytic AgNO(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901
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31
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Cyclic conjugated enediynes via elimination of a thionocarbonate in a latent Z-hex-3-ene-1,5-diyne unit. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)60507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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33
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Yadav J, Chander MC, Reddy KK. Stereoselective synthesis of 10(S), 11(R), 12(R)-trihydroxyeicosa-5(Z), 8(Z), 14(Z)-trienoic acid from d-mannose. Tetrahedron Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)77695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Yadav J, Deshpande P, Sharma GVM. Stereoselective synthesis of (S)-13-hydroxy octadeca-(9Z, 11E)-di- and (9Z, 11E, 15Z)-trienoic acids : selfdefensive substances against rice blast disease. Tetrahedron 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)80454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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35
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Rao AVR, Yadav JS, Rao CS, Chandrasekhar S. Perkin communications. Radical cyclization in stereospecific introduction of chirality at ‘off template site’ of 1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-xylo-hexofuranose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1039/p19900001211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Yadav J, Rajagopal D. Total synthesis of triyne carbonate L-660, 631 methylester from D-glucose. Tetrahedron Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)97810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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37
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S Yadav J, C Chander M. Stereoselective synthesis of (11R,12S,13S)-trihydroxy-(9Z,15Z)-octadecadienoic acid: A constituent of rice plant suffering from rice blast disease. Tetrahedron Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)97619-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Base induced opening of 2,3-epoxychlorides: An efficient preparation of -chlorovlnyl alcohols. Tetrahedron Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)97658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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Metal-graphite reagents in carbohydrate chemistry, IX fragmentations of 1-deoxy-1-iodo-2,3;4,5-di-O-isopropylidene pentitols. Tetrahedron Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)97457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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40
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S Yadav J, Deshpande PK, V M Sharma G. An effective practical method for the synthesis of chiral propargyl alcohols. Tetrahedron 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)87888-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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