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Abstract
A few months before the COVID-19 pandemic, Pierre Vogel and Kendall N. Houk published with a new textbook Wiley-VCH, “Organic Chemistry: Theory, Reactivity, and Mechanisms in Modern Synthesis”, with a foreword from the late Roberts H. Grubbs. The book demonstrates how catalytic processes dominate all fields of modern organic chemistry and synthesis, and how invention combines thermodynamics, kinetics, spectroscopy, quantum mechanics, and thermochemical data libraries. Here, the authors present a few case studies that should be of interest to teachers, practitioners of organic and organometallic chemistry, and the engineers of molecules. The Vogel–Houk book is both textbook and reference manual; it provides a modern way to think about chemical reactivity and a powerful toolbox to inventors of new reactions and new procedures.
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Vaccari J, González-Soria MJ, Carter N, Maciá B. Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Alkylzirconium Reagents to Aliphatic Aldehydes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154471. [PMID: 34361623 PMCID: PMC8347741 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A catalytic methodology for the enantioselective addition of alkylzirconium reagents to aliphatic aldehydes is reported here. The versatile and readily accessible chiral Ph-BINMOL ligand, in the presence of Ti(OiPr)4 and a zinc salt, facilitates the reaction, which proceeds under mild conditions and is compatible with functionalized nucleophiles. The alkylzirconium reagents are conveniently generated in situ by hydrozirconation of alkenes with the Schwartz reagent. This work is a continuation of our previous work on aromatic aldehydes.
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Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Organozirconium Reagents to Aldehydes. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040961. [PMID: 29677123 PMCID: PMC6017622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A catalytic enantioselective addition reaction of alkylzirconium species to aromatic aldehydes is reported. The reaction, facilitated by a chiral nonracemic diol ligand complex with Ti(OiPr)₄, proceeds under mild and convenient conditions, and no premade organometallic reagents are required since the alkylzirconium nucleophiles are generated in situ by hydrozirconation of alkenes with the Schwartz reagent. The methodology is compatible with functionalized nucleophiles and a broad range of aromatic aldehydes.
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Wipf P, Manojlovic MD. Homoallylic amines by reductive inter- and intramolecular coupling of allenes and nitriles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:824-30. [PMID: 21804878 PMCID: PMC3135093 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The one-pot hydrozirconation of allenes and nitriles followed by an in situ transmetalation of the allylzirconocene with dimethylzinc or zinc chloride provides functionalized homoallylic amines. An intramolecular version of this process leads to 3-aminotetrahydrofurans and 3-aminotetrahydropyrans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Yorimitsu H, Oshima K. Metal-Mediated Retro-Allylation of Homoallyl Alcohols for Highly Selective Organic Synthesis. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.82.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Seebach D, Prelog V. Spezifikation des sterischen Verlaufs von asymmetrischen Synthesen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19820940904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Chinkov N, Levin A, Marek I. Unsaturated Fatty Alcohol Derivatives as a Source of Substituted Allylzirconocene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200501946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chinkov N, Levin A, Marek I. Unsaturated Fatty Alcohol Derivatives as a Source of Substituted Allylzirconocene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:465-8. [PMID: 16342305 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200501946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicka Chinkov
- Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion City 32000 Haifa, Israel
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Reetz MT. Organotitanium reagents in organic synthesis a simple means to adjust reactivity and selectivity of carbanions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-11766-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Fujita K, Yorimitsu H, Shinokubo H, Oshima K. Direct Preparation of Allylic Zirconium Reagents from Zirconocene−Olefin Complexes and Alkenes. J Org Chem 2004; 69:3302-7. [PMID: 15132535 DOI: 10.1021/jo049863r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for preparation of allylic zirconium reagents directly from 1-alkenes via zirconocene-olefin complex has been developed. Selective transfer of the hydride of zirconocene allyl hydride complex, a tautomer of zirconocene-olefin complex, to diisopropyl ketone generates the corresponding zirconocene alkoxide allyl. The allylic zirconium reagents formed effects stereoselective allylation of aldehyde at 25 degrees C and -78 degrees C to provide syn- and anti-homoallyl alcohols, respectively. The anti-isomer is formed via a six-membered chair transition state under kinetic control. The syn-selectivity can be rationalized by considering isomerization of the anti-adduct by a retroallylation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Fujita
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Hanzawa Y, Kowase N, Momose SI, Taguchi T. A Cp2TiCl2-Me3Al (1 : 4) reagent system: An efficient reagent for generation of allylic titanocene derivatives from vinyl halides, vinyl ethers and carboxylic esters. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Generation of allylic titanocene derivatives from vinyl halides and a Cp2TiCl2Me3Al reagent system. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)10612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ito H, Nakamura T, Taguchi T, Hanzawa Y. Generation of allylic and related organozirconiums through a highly effective zirconium—β-alkoxide elimination reaction. Tetrahedron 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(94)01137-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Suzuki K, Hasegawa T, Imai T, Maeta H, Ohba S. AgAsF6 as safe alternative to AgClO4 for generating cationic zirconocene species: Utilities in lewis acid-promoted selective CC bond forming reactions. Tetrahedron 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(94)01135-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Takeda T, Miura I, Horikawa Y, Fujiwara T. Desulfurizative titanation of allyl sulfides. Regio and diastereoselective preparation of homoallyl alcohols. Tetrahedron Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)00068-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Copéret C, Negishi EI, Xi Z, Takahashi T. Reaction of 3-zircona-1-cyclopentenes and zirconacyclopentanes with aldehydes. A selective and convenient synthesis of 4-penten-1-ols, (Z)-5-iodo-4-penten-1-ols, and related alkanols. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)75793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kauffmann T, Bonrath W, Beirich C, Li W, Pahde C, Raedeker S, Wichmann B, Wingbermühle D. Alkylvanadium- und Alkylniob-Reagenzien, III. über zwei unkonventionelle Methoden zur Charakterisierung labiler Organoübergangsmetall-Komplexe; Anwendungen auf Allylderivate von VIII, VV, CrIII und MnII. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19931260920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ito H, Taguchi T, Hanzawa Y. Preparation and regio- and diastereoselective reactions of allylic zirconium reagents from allylic ether derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)91605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ager DJ, East MB. Methodology to establish 1,2- and 1,3-difunctionality for the synthesis of carbohydrate derivates. Tetrahedron 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)90970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Guanti G, Banfi L, Narisano E. Protecting group controlled diastereoselective allylation of asymmetrized bis (hydroxymethyl)acetaldehydes (BHYMA*). Tetrahedron Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(91)80449-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shono T, Ishifune M, Kashimura S. A New Method of the Zinc Promoted Transformation of Carbonyl Compounds to Homoallylic Alcohols. CHEM LETT 1990. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1990.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Akita M, Matsuoka K, Asami K, Yasuda H, Nakamura A. Selective carbometallation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and substituted oxacyclopropanes with zirconium-diene complexes. J Organomet Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(87)80204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hoffmann RW, Weidmann U. Stereoselective synthesis of alcohols, XIX. The sense of asymmetric induction on addition to α-chiral aldehydes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19851181010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Coxon JM, van Eyk SJ, Steel PJ. Highly diastereoselective reactions of (E)-cinnamyl chloride with aldehydes mediated by tin and aluminium. Tetrahedron Lett 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)95103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Yamamoto Y, Yatagai H, Ishihara Y, Maeda N, Maruyama K. Stereo- and regiocontrol of acyclic systems via the lewis acid mediated reaction of allylic stannanes with aldehydes. Tetrahedron 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(84)80007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Obtention de la lactone de prelog-djerassi et d'autres δ-lactones par addition du pentenyltrimethylsilane sur des derives de l'anhydride glutarique. Tetrahedron Lett 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)81441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hegedus LS. Transition metals in organic synthesis - carbon-carbon bond forming reactions and functional group preparations. J Organomet Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)99425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mashima K, Yasuda H, Asami K, Nakamura A. STRUCTURES OF MONO- AND BIS(2-BUTENYL)ZIRCONIUM COMPLEXES IN SOLUTION AND THREO SELECTIVE INSERTION REACTION OF ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES. CHEM LETT 1983. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1983.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hayashi T, Kabeta K, Hamachi I, Kumada M. Erythroselectivity in addition of γ-substituted allylsilanes to aldehydes in the presence of titanium chloride. Tetrahedron Lett 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)88045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Seebach D, Prelog V. The Unambiguous Specification of the Steric Course of Asymmetric Syntheses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.198206541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Koreeda M, Tanaka Y. STEREOSELECTIVE ACYCLIC SYNTHESIS VIA ALLYLMETALS: STRUCTURAL DEPENDENCE IN A LEWIS-ACID CATALYZED ADDITION OF ALLYLTINS TO ALDEHYDES. CHEM LETT 1982. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1982.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Diastereoselektive Synthese von ?-Methyl-homoallylalkoholen durchlk-Addition von (2-Butenyl)triphenoxytitan an Aldehyde. Helv Chim Acta 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19820650340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Yamamoto Y, Yatagai H, Maruyama K. Threo-selective aldol condensations of lithium enolates in the presence of trialkylboranes. Tetrahedron Lett 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)87349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Maruyama K, Ishihara Y, Yamamoto Y. A short and stereoselective synthesis of the (±) Prelog-Djerassi lactonic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)82113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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