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Leonczak P, Srivastava P, Bande O, Schepers G, Lescrinier E, Herdewijn P. N8-Glycosylated 8-Azapurine and Methylated Purine Nucleobases: Synthesis and Study of Base Pairing Properties. J Org Chem 2019; 84:13394-13409. [PMID: 31617362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we present the synthesis of N8-glycosylated 8-aza-2-methylhypoxanthine and 8-aza-6-thiohypoxanthine 2'-deoxynucleosides as well as methylated 2'-deoxynebularine derivatives. In vitro base pairing properties between each modified and canonical nucleobase were studied. As demonstrated by Tm, incorporation of the modified bases in DNA resulted, with few exceptions, in low stability of duplexes. Modified bases studied in this report are preferentially recognized by T (for N8-glycosylated 8-aza-2-methylhypoxanthine and methylated purines) and G (N8-glycosylated 8-aza-2-methylhypoxanthine). The base pair formed between N8-glycosylated 8-aza-6-thiohypoxanthine and N9-glycosylated 2-methyl-6-thiohypoxanthine (X2:X6) showed, to some extent, an orthogonal interaction. Based on Tm studies, the only potential self-pairing system is formed by the N8-glycosylated 8-aza-6-thiohypoxanthine nucleoside (X2) but only in the absence of canonical G and T. This study indicated that the canonical thymine base is the preferential base partner of methylated purine bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Leonczak
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Medicinal Chemistry , Herestraat 49, Box 1041 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Puneet Srivastava
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Medicinal Chemistry , Herestraat 49, Box 1041 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Omprakash Bande
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Medicinal Chemistry , Herestraat 49, Box 1041 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Guy Schepers
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Medicinal Chemistry , Herestraat 49, Box 1041 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Eveline Lescrinier
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Medicinal Chemistry , Herestraat 49, Box 1041 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Medicinal Chemistry , Herestraat 49, Box 1041 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
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2
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Nikan M, Di Antonio M, Abecassis K, McLuckie K, Balasubramanian S. An acetylene-bridged 6,8-purine dimer as a fluorescent switch-on probe for parallel G-quadruplexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:1428-31. [PMID: 23238938 PMCID: PMC3652027 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Nikan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of CambridgeLensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW (UK)
- Cambridge Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Li Ka Shing CenterCambridge, CB2 0RE (UK)
| | - Marco Di Antonio
- Department of Chemistry, The University of CambridgeLensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW (UK)
| | - Keren Abecassis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of CambridgeLensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW (UK)
| | - Keith McLuckie
- Cambridge Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Li Ka Shing CenterCambridge, CB2 0RE (UK)
| | - Shankar Balasubramanian
- Department of Chemistry, The University of CambridgeLensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW (UK)
- Cambridge Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Li Ka Shing CenterCambridge, CB2 0RE (UK)
- School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's HospitalHills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0SP (UK)
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Nikan M, Di Antonio M, Abecassis K, McLuckie K, Balasubramanian S. An Acetylene-Bridged 6,8-Purine Dimer as a Fluorescent Switch-On Probe for Parallel G-Quadruplexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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4
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Saito Y, Sawa T, Yoshitake J, Ito C, Fujii S, Akaike T, Arimoto H. Nitric oxide promotes recycling of 8-nitro-cGMP, a cytoprotective mediator, into intact cGMP in cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:2909-15. [PMID: 22892818 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25189b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
8-Nitro-cGMP is an endogenous nucleotide discovered under inflammation conditions as an important mediator of nitric oxide (NO) signaling. Besides cGMP-like behaviour, 8-nitro-cGMP exerts unique cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress. Although the formation of 8-nitro-cGMP from 8-nitro-GTP has previously been proposed, the mechanism by which excess or unused 8-nitro-cGMP is removed from cells remains unknown. In this study, we report a nitric oxide-dependent cellular conversion of 8-nitro-cGMP to intact cGMP in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. In our experiments, we synthesized isotopically labeled 8-nitro-cGMP as a tool for metabolites analysis and identified 8-amino-cGMP as an initial metabolite of 8-nitro-cGMP using a LC-MS/MS technique. We also proved that endogenous 8-nitro-cGMP can be converted into 8-amino-cGMP by immunocytochemical staining with an antibody that specifically recognizes 8-amino-cGMP. Moreover, we showed that isotopically labeled 8-amino-cGMP is metabolized into cGMP under inflammation conditions. We propose that nitrosylation of 8-amino-cGMP occurs by NO formation under stress conditions and gives putative 8-diazonium-cGMP, which subsequently decomposes into cGMP. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report reductive deamination of aminoguanine nucleotide at the C-8 position. The findings of this study collectively indicate that NO plays a crucial role not only in the production of 8-nitro-cGMP but also in its elimination under oxidative stress or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Saito
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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5
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Hodgen B, Rayat S, Glaser R. Nitrosative Adenine Deamination: Facile Pyrimidine Ring-Opening in the Dediazoniation of Adeninediazonium Ion. Org Lett 2003; 5:4077-80. [PMID: 14572253 DOI: 10.1021/ol035526d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
[reaction: see text]. Dediazoniation of adeninediazonium ion, 1, forms the heteroaromatic cation, 2. Ab initio studies at the CCSD(fc)/6-31G**//MP2(full)/6-31G** level now reveal that the cyclic cation 2 is kinetically and thermodynamically unstable with respect to the pyrimidine ring-opened cation, 3. The results suggest that 4-cyano-5-isocyano-imidazole, 4, and 4,5-dicyanoimidazole, 5, might be formed to some extent in nitrosative deaminations of adenine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hodgen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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6
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Benzimidazole ribonucleosides: Observation of an unexpected nitration when performing non-aqueous diazotizations with t-butyl nitrite. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)80628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Beck JR, Gajewski RP, Lynch MP, Wright FL. Nonaqueous diazotization of 5-amino-1-aryl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate esters. J Heterocycl Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570240151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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