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Mamedova LK, Krogstad KC, McDonald PO, Pokhrel L, Hua DH, Titgemeyer EC, Bradford BJ. Investigation of HCAR2 antagonists as a potential strategy to modulate bovine leukocytes. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:38. [PMID: 38444010 PMCID: PMC10916251 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-00999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dairy cows experiencing ketosis after calving suffer greater disease incidence and are at greater risk of leaving the herd. In vitro administration of beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA; the primary blood ketone) has inhibitory effects on the function of bovine leukocytes. BHBA is a ligand of HCAR2 and the activation of these receptors promotes an anti-inflammatory response which may be related with immunosuppression observed in transition dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to identify and test antagonists for HCAR2 in bovine immune cells cultured with BHBA. RESULTS We observed expression of HCAR2 at the protein level within lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. The proportion of cells expressing HCAR2 tended to be greater in mid-lactation compared to early lactation cows; the increase was a result of increased proportion of T and B cells expressing HCAR2. Stimulation of HCAR2 with niacin or BHBA promoted Ca2+ mobilization in neutrophils and mononuclear cells. Mononuclear cells treated with BHBA had diminished intracellular Ca2+ responses when HCAR2 was knocked down by siRNA silencing, indicating Ca2+ mobilization was mediated by HCAR2 signaling. Two candidate antagonists for HCAR2, synthesized from niacin (NA-1 and NA-5), were tested; monocytes and neutrophils pre-treated with NA-1 and NA-5 had reduced Ca2+ mobilization after incubation with BHBA. Furthermore, NA-5 but not NA-1 prevented BHBA-associated reductions in cyclic AMP. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that HCAR2 is present on bovine leukocytes and has greater expression later in lactation. We confirmed that BHBA and niacin derived HCAR2 antagonists alter bovine leukocyte activity. Our results demonstrate that both BHBA and niacin affect bovine leukocyte Ca2+ mobilization in a HCAR2-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laman K Mamedova
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Kirby C Krogstad
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Paiton O McDonald
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Laxman Pokhrel
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Duy H Hua
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Evan C Titgemeyer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Barry J Bradford
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA.
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
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Dimasi A, Failla M, Montoli A, Citarella A, Ronchi P, Passarella D, Fasano V. First total synthesis of caerulomycin K: a case study on selective, multiple C-H functionalizations of pyridines. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5542-5546. [PMID: 38352680 PMCID: PMC10862659 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00589a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Caerulomycins, natural alkaloids with antimicrobial properties, have been previously synthesized starting with highly pre-functionalized building blocks or requiring many functional group manipulations. In this work, we report the first total synthesis of caerulomycin K, a diversely trifunctionalized pyridine readily assembled in three steps exploiting the recent advancements in the C-H activation of N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Dimasi
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano Via Camillo Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy https://www.fasanolab.com
| | - Mattia Failla
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano Via Camillo Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy https://www.fasanolab.com
| | - Arianna Montoli
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano Via Camillo Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy https://www.fasanolab.com
| | - Andrea Citarella
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano Via Camillo Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy https://www.fasanolab.com
| | - Paolo Ronchi
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Technologies Department, Global Research and Preclinical Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A Largo Francesco Belloli 11/a 43126 Parma Italy
| | - Daniele Passarella
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano Via Camillo Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy https://www.fasanolab.com
| | - Valerio Fasano
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano Via Camillo Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy https://www.fasanolab.com
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One-pot synthesis of heteroaromatic acetals via selectfluor-mediated tandem reaction of methyl quinoline-2-carboxylate and methanol. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shigeno M, Fujii Y, Kajima A, Nozawa-Kumada K, Kondo Y. Catalytic Deprotonative α-Formylation of Heteroarenes by an Amide Base Generated in Situ from Tetramethylammonium Fluoride and Tris(trimethylsilyl)amine. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Akihisa Kajima
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Pokhrel L, Kim Y, Nguyen TDT, Prior AM, Lu J, Chang KO, Hua DH. Synthesis and anti-norovirus activity of pyranobenzopyrone compounds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3480-4. [PMID: 22513282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, noroviruses have gained media attention as the cause of large scale outbreaks of gastroenteritis on cruise ships, dormitories, nursing homes, etc. Although noroviruses do not multiply in food or water, they can cause large outbreaks because approximately 10-100 virions are sufficient to cause illness in a healthy adult. Recently, it was shown that the activity of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT1) enzyme may be important in norovirus infection. In search of anti-noroviral agents based on the inhibition of ACAT1, we synthesized and evaluated the inhibitory activities of a class of pyranobenzopyrone molecules containing amino, pyridine, substituted quinolines, or 7,8-benzoquinoline nucleus. Three of the sixteen evaluated compounds possess ED(50) values in the low micrometer range. 2-Quinolylmethyl derivative 3A and 4-quinolylmethyl derivative 4A showed ED(50) values of 3.4 and 2.4 μM and TD(50) values of >200 and 96.4 μM, respectively. The identified active compounds are suitable for further modification for the development of anti-norovirus agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Pokhrel
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Caronna T, Gambarotti C, Palmisano L, Punta C, Recupero F. Sunlight-induced reactions of some heterocyclic bases with ethers in the presence of TiO2. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Priestley ND, Smith TM, Shipley PR, Floss HG. Studies on the biosynthesis of thiostrepton: 4-(1-hydroxyethyl)quinoline-2-carboxylate as a free intermediate on the pathway to the quinaldic acid moiety. Bioorg Med Chem 1996; 4:1135-47. [PMID: 8831986 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0896(96)00126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Specifically 13C-labeled quinoline-2-carboxylate derivatives were synthesized from quinoline and used to study the biosynthesis of thiostrepton in a strain of Streptomyces laurentii. 13C NMR analysis of thiostrepton recovered after feeding methyl (RS)-[11-13C]-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)quinoline-2-carboxylate or methyl [11-13C]-4-acetylquinoline-2-carboxylate showed conclusively that these compounds are specifically and efficiently incorporated into thiostrepton. Both compounds were also detected in cultures of the producing organism by isotope dilution analysis. The significance of the relative endogenous concentrations of the two compounds and of the relative extent of the incorporation of exogenously added labeled material into thiostrepton are discussed in terms of the biosynthetic pathway linking tryptophan and 4-(1-hydroxyethyl)quinoline-2-carboxylate in S. laurentii. A highly specific enzyme activity was detected in cell-free extracts of S. laurentii that was capable of adenylating (12S)-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)quinoline-2-carboxylic acid. Partial purification of the enzyme was achieved. The enzyme was found to be specific for the enantiomer of the substrate which has the same absolute configuration as found in the natural antibiotic structure. The presence of one specific enzyme catalysing the adenylation process in S. laurentii was shown by photoaffinity labeling with [alpha-32P]-8-azido-ATP and subsequent SDS PAGE analysis of the labeled products. The native molecular weight of the active enzyme, determined by gel permeation chromatography, was found to be approximately 47 kDa, compared with a denatured weight of 50 kDa estimated for the photoaffinity-labeled protein. The enzyme is thus probably monomeric.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Priestley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
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Heinisch G, Kirchner I. Substitution des 1,2-diazinsystems mitsymm.trioxanylradikalen; ein zugang zu pyridazincarbaldehyden.13. Mitteilung über pyridazine. J Heterocycl Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570170728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Heinisch G, Kirchner I. Synthesen und Reaktionen von Pyridazinderivaten, 11. Mitt.: 5-Acyl-4-pyridazincarbons�urrester als ?key intermediates? f�r 4-Acylpyridazine und 4-Alkyl-bzw. 4-Arylpyridazino[4,5-d]pyridazin-1 (2H) one. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00911924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nucleophilic character of carbon free radicals. A new convenient, selective carboxylation of heteroaromatic bases. Tetrahedron Lett 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)72422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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