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Macchia A, Summa FF, Di Mola A, Tedesco C, Pierri G, Ofial AR, Monaco G, Massa A. Base-Promoted Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of 3,3-Dialkylated Isoindolin-1-ones and 3-Methyleneisoindolin-1-ones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15128-15138. [PMID: 34613731 PMCID: PMC8576826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Cascade reactions
of ortho-carbonyl-substituted
benzonitriles with ((chloromethyl)sulfonyl)benzenes as pronucleophiles
led to new isoindolin-1-ones with a tetrasubstituted C-3 position
or to (Z)-3-(sulfonyl-methylene)isoindolin-1-ones.
The reactions start from readily available materials, are carried
out under mild conditions, and do not require metal catalysis. Promoted
only by the cheap and environmentally benign K2CO3 as the base, up to six elemental steps can be combined in a single
pot. Hence, a sequential one-pot cascade/β-elimination/alkylation
furnished useful intermediates for the synthesis of aristolactam natural
products. The observed selectivity and the mechanism were investigated
by DFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Macchia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco F Summa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonia Di Mola
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Consiglia Tedesco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pierri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Armin R Ofial
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Guglielmo Monaco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonio Massa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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2
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Gao L, Liu Z, Ma X, Li Z. Direct Synthesis of Propen-2-yl Sulfones through Cascade Reactions Using Calcium Carbide as an Alkyne Source. Org Lett 2020; 22:5246-5250. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
| | - Zhenrong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
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3
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Li Z, Jangra H, Chen Q, Mayer P, Ofial AR, Zipse H, Mayr H. Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxirane Formation by Darzens Condensation of Ketones: Quantification of the Electrophilicities of Ketones. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5500-5515. [PMID: 29659264 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of epoxide formation by Darzens condensation of aliphatic ketones 1 with arylsulfonyl-substituted chloromethyl anions 2 (ArSO2CHCl-) have been determined photometrically in DMSO solution at 20 °C. The reactions proceed via nucleophilic attack of the carbanions at the carbonyl group to give intermediate halohydrin anions 4, which subsequently cyclize with formation of the oxiranes 3. Protonation of the reaction mixture obtained in THF solution at low temperature allowed the intermediates to be trapped and the corresponding halohydrins 4-H to be isolated. Crossover experiments, i.e., deprotonation of the halohydrins 4-H in the presence of a trapping reagent for the regenerated arylsulfonyl-substituted chloromethyl anions 2, provided the relative rates of backward ( k-CC) and ring closure ( krc) reactions of the intermediates. Combination of the kinetic data ( k2exptl) with the splitting ratio ( k-CC/ krc) gave the second-order rate constants kCC for the attack of the carbanions 2 at the ketones 1. These kCC values and the previously reported reactivity parameters N and sN for the arylsulfonyl-substituted chloromethyl anions 2 allowed us to use the linear free energy relationship log k2(20 °C) = sN( N + E) for deriving the electrophilicity parameters E of the ketones 1 and thus predict potential nucleophilic reaction partners. Density functional theory calculations of the intrinsic reaction pathways showed that the reactions of the ketones 1 with the chloromethyl anions 2 yield two rotational isomers of the intermediate halohydrin anions 4, only one of which can cyclize while the other undergoes retroaddition because the barrier for rotation is higher than that for reversal to the reactants 1 and 2. The electrophilicity parameters E correlate moderately with the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies of the carbonyl groups, very poorly with Parr's electrophilicity indices, and best with the methyl anion affinities calculated for DMSO solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13 , 81377 München , Germany
| | - Harish Jangra
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13 , 81377 München , Germany
| | - Quan Chen
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13 , 81377 München , Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13 , 81377 München , Germany
| | - Armin R Ofial
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13 , 81377 München , Germany
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13 , 81377 München , Germany
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13 , 81377 München , Germany
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4
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Münster N, Werel L, Rennar GA, Harms K, Koert U. Reactivity of α-Bromosulfones Obtained fromgem-Dibromides. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Brandi A, Cicchi S, Cordero FM, Goti A. Progress in the synthesis and transformations of alkylidenecyclopropanes and alkylidenecyclobutanes. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7317-420. [PMID: 24927495 DOI: 10.1021/cr400686j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Brandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019-Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Ogawa K, Koyama Y, Ohashi I, Sato I, Hirama M. Secure route to the epoxybicyclo[7.3.0]dodecadienediyne core of the kedarcidin chromophore. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:6327-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b814595d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Ferjani MBS, Zhou Z, Bennett SM. Synthesis of vinylcyclopentanes via samarium(II) mediated tandem reactions. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Abstract
The development of methodologies for the formation of carbon-carbon double bonds could be considered one of the most important challenges in organic synthesis. To this end, beta-elimination reactions in 1,2-difunctionalised substrates have been one of the most important means of generating C=C bonds. This review is intended to highlight the use of SmI2 in beta-elimination procedures, such that the organization of this revision highlights conventional beta-elimination processes which are promoted by samarium diiodide. The synthetic applications of SmI2 will be covered, and 1,2-elimination reactions which are involved in sequential reactions promoted by samarium diiodide, will also be illustrated. These methodologies along with the more recent developments in the area are discussed in this tutorial review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Concellón
- Dpto. Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Avda. Julián Clavería, 8, 33071 Oviedo, Spain.
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