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Skwarecki AS, Nowak MG, Milewska MJ. Synthetic strategies in construction of organic low molecular-weight carrier-drug conjugates. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104311. [PMID: 33142423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inefficient transportation of polar metabolic inhibitors through cell membranes of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells precludes their direct use as drug candidates in chemotherapy. One of the possible solutions to this problem is application of the 'Trojan horse' strategy, i.e. conjugation of an active substance with a molecular carrier of organic or inorganic nature, facilitating membrane penetration. In this work, the synthetic strategies used in rational design and preparation of conjugates of bioactive agents with three types of organic low molecular-weight carriers have been reviewed. These include iron-chelating agents, siderophores and cell-penetrating peptides. Moreover, a less known but very promising "molecular umbrella" conjugation strategy has been presented. Special attention has been paid on appropriate linking strategies, especially these allowing intracellular drug release after internalisation of a conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S Skwarecki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Michał G Nowak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria J Milewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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2
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Smitha G, Sreekumar K. Chiral dendrigraft polymer for asymmetric synthesis of isoquinuclidines. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15548k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A copper complex of chiral modified dendrigraft amidoamine polymer with a pentaerythritol initiated polyepichlorohydrin core, PEN-G2, on a solid resin support is employed in the synthesis of isoquinuclidines via aza Diels–Alder reaction between cyclohexenone and imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Smitha
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Kochi-22
- India
| | - K. Sreekumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Kochi-22
- India
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Optimized Solid Phase-Assisted Synthesis of Dendrons Applicable as Scaffolds for Radiolabeled Bioactive Multivalent Compounds Intended for Molecular Imaging. Molecules 2014; 19:6952-74. [PMID: 24871573 PMCID: PMC6270977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19066952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic structures, being highly homogeneous and symmetric, represent ideal scaffolds for the multimerization of bioactive molecules and thus enable the synthesis of compounds of high valency which are e.g., applicable in radiolabeled form as multivalent radiotracers for in vivo imaging. As the commonly applied solution phase synthesis of dendritic scaffolds is cumbersome and time-consuming, a synthesis strategy was developed that allows for the efficient assembly of acid amide bond-based highly modular dendrons on solid support via standard Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis protocols. The obtained dendritic structures comprised up to 16 maleimide functionalities and were derivatized on solid support with the chelating agent DOTA. The functionalized dendrons furthermore could be efficiently reacted with structurally variable model thiol-bearing bioactive molecules via click chemistry and finally radiolabeled with 68Ga. Thus, this solid phase-assisted dendron synthesis approach enables the fast and straightforward assembly of bioactive multivalent constructs for example applicable as radiotracers for in vivo imaging with Positron Emission Tomography (PET).
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Affiliation(s)
- George R. Newkome
- Departments of Polymer Science and Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-4717, and Department of Chemistry, Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio 44234
| | - Carol Shreiner
- Departments of Polymer Science and Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-4717, and Department of Chemistry, Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio 44234
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Unciti-Broceta A, Bacon MN, Bradley M. Strategies for the preparation of synthetic transfection vectors. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2010; 296:15-49. [PMID: 21504099 DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the late 1980s independent work by Felgner and Behr pioneered the use of cationic materials to complex and deliver nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells. Since this time, a vast number of synthetic transfection vectors, which are typically divided into two main "transfectors", have been developed namely: (1) cationic lipids and (2) polycationic polymers. In this chapter the main synthetic approaches used for the synthesis of these compounds will be reviewed with particular attention paid to: cationic lipids and dendrimers. This review is aimed primarily at the younger audience of doctoral students and non-specialist readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Unciti-Broceta
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, UK.
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Unciti-Broceta A, Holder E, Jones LJ, Stevenson B, Turner AR, Porteous DJ, Boyd AC, Bradley M. Tripod-like Cationic Lipids as Novel Gene Carriers. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4076-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701493f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asier Unciti-Broceta
- School of Chemistry, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K., Medical Genetics, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K., and the U.K. Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium
| | - Emma Holder
- School of Chemistry, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K., Medical Genetics, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K., and the U.K. Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium
| | - Lisa J. Jones
- School of Chemistry, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K., Medical Genetics, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K., and the U.K. Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium
| | - Barbara Stevenson
- School of Chemistry, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K., Medical Genetics, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K., and the U.K. Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium
| | - Andrew R. Turner
- School of Chemistry, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K., Medical Genetics, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K., and the U.K. Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium
| | - David J. Porteous
- School of Chemistry, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K., Medical Genetics, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K., and the U.K. Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium
| | - A. Chris Boyd
- School of Chemistry, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K., Medical Genetics, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K., and the U.K. Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium
| | - Mark Bradley
- School of Chemistry, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K., Medical Genetics, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K., and the U.K. Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium
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Dilly SJ, Carlisle SJ, Clark AJ, Shepherd AR, Smith SC, Taylor PC, Marsh A. Practical syntheses of [1,3,5]-triazine dendritic molecules on solid supports. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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van Heerbeek R, Kamer PCJ, van Leeuwen PWNM, Reek JNH. Dendrimers as support for recoverable catalysts and reagents. Chem Rev 2002; 102:3717-56. [PMID: 12371900 DOI: 10.1021/cr0103874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rieko van Heerbeek
- Institute of Molecular Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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