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Crocetti L, Bartolucci G, Cilibrizzi A, Giovannoni MP, Guerrini G, Iacovone A, Menicatti M, Schepetkin IA, Khlebnikov AI, Quinn MT, Vergelli C. Synthesis and analytical characterization of new thiazol-2-(3H)-ones as human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:127. [PMID: 29214393 PMCID: PMC5718994 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a potent serine protease belonging to the chymotrypsin family and is involved in a variety of pathologies affecting the respiratory system. Thus, compounds able to inhibit HNE proteolytic activity could represent effective therapeutics. We present here the synthesis of new thiazol-2-(3H)-ones as an elaboration of potent HNE inhibitors with an isoxazol-5-(2H)-one scaffold that we recently identified. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic techniques and tandem mass spectrometry allowed us to correctly assign the structure of the final compounds arising from both tautomers of the thiazol-2-(3H)-one nucleus (N-3 of the thiazol-2-(3H)-one and 3-OH of the thiazole). All new compounds were tested as HNE inhibitors, and no activity was found at the highest concentration used (40 µM), demonstrating that the thiazol-2-(3H)-one is not a good scaffold for HNE inhibitors. Molecular modelling experiments indicate that the low-energy pose might limit the nucleophilic attack on the endocyclic carbonyl group of the thiazolone-based compounds by HNE catalytic Ser195, in contrast to isoxazol-5-(2H)-one analogues.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Crocetti
- Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, NEUROFARBA, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, NEUROFARBA, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, NEUROFARBA, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Guerrini
- Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, NEUROFARBA, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonella Iacovone
- Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, NEUROFARBA, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marta Menicatti
- Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, NEUROFARBA, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.,Scientific Research Institute of Biological Medicine, Altai State University, Barnaul, 656049, Russia
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Claudia Vergelli
- Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, NEUROFARBA, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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2
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Fox RJ, Tripp JC, Schultz MJ, Payack JF, Fanfair DD, Mudryk BM, Murugesan S, Chen CPH, La Cruz TE, Ivy SE, Broxer S, Cullen R, Erdemir D, Geng P, Xu Z, Fritz A, Doubleday WW, Conlon DA. Preparation of the HIV Attachment Inhibitor BMS-663068. Part 1. Evolution of Enabling Strategies. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Fox
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Jonathan C. Tripp
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Mitchell J. Schultz
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Joseph F. Payack
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Dayne D. Fanfair
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Boguslaw M. Mudryk
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Saravanababu Murugesan
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Chung-Pin H. Chen
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Thomas E. La Cruz
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Sabrina E. Ivy
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Sévrine Broxer
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Ryan Cullen
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Deniz Erdemir
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Peng Geng
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Zhongmin Xu
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Alan Fritz
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Wendel W. Doubleday
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - David A. Conlon
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
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3
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Boyapelly K, Bonin MA, Traboulsi H, Cloutier A, Phaneuf SC, Fortin D, Cantin AM, Richter MV, Marsault E. Synthesis and Characterization of a Phosphate Prodrug of Isoliquiritigenin. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:879-886. [PMID: 28252963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (1) possesses a variety of biological activities in vitro. However, its poor aqueous solubility limits its use for subsequent in vivo experimentation. In order to enable the use of 1 for in vivo studies without the use of toxic carriers or cosolvents, a phosphate prodrug strategy was implemented relying on the availability of phenol groups in the molecule. In this study, a phosphate group was added to position C-4 of 1, leading to the more water-soluble prodrug 2 and its ammonium salt 3, which possesses increased stability compared to 2. Herein are reported the synthesis, characterization, solubility, and stability of phosphate prodrug 3 in biological medium in comparison to 1, as well as new results on its anti-inflammatory properties in vivo. As designed, the solubility of prodrug 3 was superior to that of the parent natural product 1 (9.6 mg/mL as opposed to 3.9 μg/mL). Prodrug 3 as an ammonium salt was also found to possess excellent stability as a solid and in aqueous solution, as opposed to its phosphoric acid precursor 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaraswamy Boyapelly
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, ‡Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, and §X-ray Crystallography Platform, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001,12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marc-André Bonin
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, ‡Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, and §X-ray Crystallography Platform, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001,12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Hussein Traboulsi
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, ‡Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, and §X-ray Crystallography Platform, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001,12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Cloutier
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, ‡Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, and §X-ray Crystallography Platform, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001,12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Samuel C Phaneuf
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, ‡Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, and §X-ray Crystallography Platform, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001,12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Fortin
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, ‡Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, and §X-ray Crystallography Platform, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001,12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - André M Cantin
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, ‡Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, and §X-ray Crystallography Platform, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001,12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Martin V Richter
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, ‡Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, and §X-ray Crystallography Platform, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001,12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Marsault
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, ‡Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, and §X-ray Crystallography Platform, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001,12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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4
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Novel triclabendazole prodrug: A highly water soluble alternative for the treatment of fasciolosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:616-619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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5
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Overcoming Electronics with Strategy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-100023-6.00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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6
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A highly water soluble benzimidazole derivative useful for the treatment of fasciolosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5814-5817. [PMID: 25455496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis of compound (7), a highly hydrosoluble phosphonooxymethyl prodrug of compound alpha (4). Compound (7) improved the aqueous solubility of its precursor compound (4) by 50,000 times and it is stable at neutral pH. The prodrug showed faciolicidal activity when evaluated in vitro against excysted Fasciola hepatica metacercariae. The in vivo evaluation of (7) was carried out via oral, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration in sheep artificially infected with F. hepatica metacercariae. At an intramuscular dose of 4 mg/kg, the activity of (7) was similar to that of compound alpha (4) at an oral dose of 15 mg/kg.
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7
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Hussain H, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Rawahi A, Green IR, Gibbons S. Fruitful decade for antileishmanial compounds from 2002 to late 2011. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10369-428. [PMID: 25253511 DOI: 10.1021/cr400552x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Hussain
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa , P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
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8
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Zheng B, Fox RJ, Sugiyama M, Fritz A, Eastgate MD. Development of Efficient Processes for the Preparation of Di-tert-butyl Potassium Phosphate and Di-tert-butyl (Chloromethyl) Phosphate. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500066f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Chemical
Development and
Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New
Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Richard J. Fox
- Chemical
Development and
Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New
Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Masano Sugiyama
- Chemical
Development and
Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New
Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Alan Fritz
- Chemical
Development and
Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New
Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Martin D. Eastgate
- Chemical
Development and
Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New
Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
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9
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Leahy DK, Pack SK. Preparation of Phosphonooxymethyl Prodrugs of HIV-1 Attachment Inhibitors. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op400225q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David K. Leahy
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Shawn K. Pack
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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10
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Dosa PI, Ward T, Castro RE, Rodrigues CMP, Steer CJ. Synthesis and evaluation of water-soluble prodrugs of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), an anti-apoptotic bile acid. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1002-11. [PMID: 23640741 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a bile acid with demonstrated anti-apoptotic activity in both in vitro and in vivo models. However, its utility is hampered by limited aqueous solubility. As such, water-soluble prodrugs of UDCA could have an advantage over the parent bile acid in indications where intravenous administration might be preferable, such as decreasing damage from stroke or acute kidney injury. Five phosphate prodrugs were synthesized, including one incorporating a novel phosphoryloxymethyl carboxylate (POMC) moiety. These prodrugs were highly water-soluble, but showed significant differences in chemical stability, with oxymethylphosphate prodrugs being the most unstable. In a series of NMR experiments, the POMC prodrug was bioactivated to UDCA by alkaline phosphatase (AP) faster than a prodrug containing a phosphate directly attached to the alcohol at the 3-position of UDCA. Both of these prodrugs showed significant anti-apoptotic activity in a series of in vitro assays, although the POMC prodrug required the addition of AP for activity, while the other compound was active without exogenous AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter I Dosa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
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11
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De Petrocellis L, Schiano Moriello A. 2-Amino-4-arylthiazole compounds as TRPA1 antagonists (WO 2012085662): a patent evaluation. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 23:119-47. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.736496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Zheng B, Sugiyama M, Eastgate MD, Fritz A, Murugesan S, Conlon DA. Development of a Process for the Preparation of Chloromethyl Chlorosulfate. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op300246d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Chemical Development and Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Masano Sugiyama
- Chemical Development and Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Martin D. Eastgate
- Chemical Development and Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Alan Fritz
- Chemical Development and Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Saravanababu Murugesan
- Chemical Development and Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - David A. Conlon
- Chemical Development and Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
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13
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Water-Soluble Prodrug of Antimicrotubule Agent Plinabulin: Effective Strategy with Click Chemistry. Chemistry 2011; 17:12587-90. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Development of a highly selective fluorescence probe for alkaline phosphatase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5088-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Kawaguchi M, Okabe T, Okudaira S, Hanaoka K, Fujikawa Y, Terai T, Komatsu T, Kojima H, Aoki J, Nagano T. Fluorescence probe for lysophospholipase C/NPP6 activity and a potent NPP6 inhibitor. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:12021-30. [PMID: 21721554 DOI: 10.1021/ja201028t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) are ubiquitous membrane-associated or secreted ectoenzymes that have a role in regulating extracellular nucleotide and phospholipid metabolism. Among the members of the NPP family, NPP1 and -3 act on nucleotides such as ATP, while NPP2, -6, and -7 act on phospholipids such as lysophosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. NPP6, a recently characterized NPP family member, is a choline-specific glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase, but its functions remain to be analyzed, partly due to the lack of highly sensitive activity assay systems and practical inhibitors. Here we report synthesis of novel NPP6 fluorescence probes, TG-mPC and its analogues TG-mPC(3)C, TG-mPC(5)C, TG-mPENE, TG-mPEA, TG-mPhos, TG-mPA, TG-mPMe, and TG-mPPr. Among the seven NPPs, only NPP6 hydrolyzed TG-mPC, TG-mPC(3)C, and TG-mPENE. TG-mPC was hydrolyzed in the cell lysate from NPP6-transfected cells, but not control cells, showing that it is suitable for use in cell-based NPP6 assays. We also examined the usefulness of TG-mPC as a fluorescence imaging probe. We further applied TG-mPC to carry out high-throughput NPP6 inhibitor screening and found several NPP6-selective inhibitors in a library of about 80,000 compounds. Through structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis, we identified a potent and selective NPP6 inhibitor with an IC(50) value of 0.21 μM. Our NPP6-selective fluorescence probe, TG-mPC, and the inhibitor are expected to be useful to elucidate the biological function of NPP6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyasu Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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16
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Francová D, Kickelbick G. Synthesis of methacrylate-functionalized phosphonates and phosphates with long alkyl-chain spacers and their self-aggregation in aqueous solutions. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-008-0045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Chassaing C, Berger M, Heckeroth A, Ilg T, Jaeger M, Kern C, Schmid K, Uphoff M. Highly Water-Soluble Prodrugs of Anthelmintic Benzimidazole Carbamates: Synthesis, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacokinetics. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1111-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701456r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Chassaing
- Intervet Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - M. Berger
- Intervet Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - A. Heckeroth
- Intervet Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - T. Ilg
- Intervet Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - M. Jaeger
- Intervet Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - C. Kern
- Intervet Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - K. Schmid
- Intervet Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - M. Uphoff
- Intervet Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
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18
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Mäntylä A, Rautio J, Nevalainen T, Keski-Rahkonen P, Vepsälainen J, Järvinen T. Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel water-soluble prodrugs of buparvaquone. Eur J Pharm Sci 2004; 23:151-8. [PMID: 15451003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2004.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2004] [Revised: 06/16/2004] [Accepted: 06/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Novel water-soluble phosphate prodrugs (2b-5b) of buparvaquone-oxime (1a) and buparvaquone-O-methyloxime (1b) were synthesized and evaluated in vitro as potential oral prodrugs against leishmaniasis. Buparvaquone-oxime (1a), and most probably also buparvaquone-O-methyloxime (1b), released the parent buparvaquone via a cytochrome P450-catalysed reaction. The prodrugs 2b-5b showed significantly higher aqueous solubilities (>4 mg/ml) than buparvaquone (< or = 0.03 microg/ml) over a pH range of 3.0-7.4. The prodrugs 2b, 3b and 5b rapidly released (t1/2 = 7 min) the corresponding oximes of buparvaquone (1a and 1b), and prodrug 4b at a moderate rate (t1/2 = 22.5 min) in alkaline phosphatase solution in vitro. Prodrug 3b was the most chemically stable in the aqueous solutions over a pH range of 3.0-7.4 (t1/2 > 8 days). Although buparvaquone-oxime (1a) has been shown to undergo a cytochrome P450-catalysed oxidation in liver microsomes to the parent buparvaquone and behave as a novel bioreversible prodrug, its usefulness is limited in oral drug delivery due to its poor aqueous solubility, like buparvaquone itself. Further phosphorylation of an oxime form of buparvaquone significantly increased water solubility, and this novel approach is therefore useful to improve physicochemical properties of drugs containing a ketone functional group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Mäntylä
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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19
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Mäntylä A, Garnier T, Rautio J, Nevalainen T, Vepsälainen J, Koskinen A, Croft SL, Järvinen T. Synthesis, in vitro evaluation, and antileishmanial activity of water-soluble prodrugs of buparvaquone. J Med Chem 2004; 47:188-95. [PMID: 14695832 DOI: 10.1021/jm030868a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble phosphate prodrugs of buparvaquone (1), containing a hydroxynaphthoquinone structure, were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for improved topical and oral drug delivery against cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. The successful prodrug synthesis involved a strong base; e.g., sodium hydride. Buparvaquone-3-phosphate (4a) and 3-phosphonooxymethyl-buparvaquone (4b) prodrugs possessed significantly higher aqueous solubilities (>3.5 mg/mL) than the parent drug (</=0.03 microg/mL) over a pH range of 3.0-7.4. Moreover, 4a and 4b maintained adequate lipophilicity as indicated by distribution coefficients (log D) between 0.5 and 3.0 over this pH range. Both 4a and 4b were also shown to be substrates for alkaline phosphatase in vitro and thus are promising bioreversible prodrugs for the improved topical and oral bioavailability of 1. Buparvaquone and its prodrugs showed nanomolar or low-micromolar ED(50) activity values against species that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis, e.g., L. major, L. amazonensis, L. aethiopica, L. mexicana, and L. panamensis and also L. donovani, which is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. From these results, the human skin permeation of the prodrugs 4a and 4b were studied in vitro. While no buparvaquone permeated across post mortem skin in vitro during 72 h of experiments, both prodrugs 4a and 4b permeated readily through the skin. In addition, 4b easily released the parent drug in human skin homogenate and, therefore, is a promising prodrug candidate to deliver buparvaquone through the skin for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Mäntylä
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kuopio, PO Box, 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Power NP, Bethell D, Proctor L, Latham E, Dawson P. Chloromethyl chlorosulfate: a new, catalytic method of preparation and reactions with some nucleophiles. Org Biomol Chem 2004; 2:1554-62. [PMID: 15136814 DOI: 10.1039/b403338h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of liquid (gamma-) SO3 with CH2Cl2 at room temperature leads to SO3 insertion into the C-Cl bonds, giving the useful chloromethylating agent chloromethyl chlorosulfate (CMCS). The process is very slow but becomes rapid on addition of catalytic quantities of trimethyl borate. The product mixture consists almost entirely of CMCS and the product of further sulfation, methylene bis(chlorosulfate)(MBCS), in a ratio of ca. 2 : 1, but typical yields of CMCS, isolated by distillation, are only 30-35%. The catalysed reaction in the homogeneous liquid phase at -45 degrees C has been followed as a function of time and of reactant concentration by 1H nmr spectroscopy. It is observed that, besides CMCS and MBCS, three additional, transient products (designated A, B and C) are formed. Products A, B and C decompose slowly at -45 degrees C but much more rapidly if the reaction mixture is raised to room temperature, giving additional CMCS and MBCS. From an analysis of the SO3 balance, it is inferred that products A, B and C arise from the reaction of one molecule of CH2Cl2 with respectively two, three and four molecules of SO3; they are suggested to be chloromethyl chloropolysulfates. By measuring initial rates of CMCS formation or total CH2Cl2 consumption, it is shown that the reaction is first order in the catalyst and roughly third order in SO3. A mechanistic scheme is proposed in which SO3 forms equilibrating zwitterionic molecular complexes with CH2Cl2. of 1 : 1, 2 : 1 and higher stoichiometries. The boron-containing catalyst can activate these complexes towards nucleophilic attack at carbon by the negatively charged oxygen of another zwitterion. An analogous mechanism can be written for the conversion of CMCS into MBCS by SO3 in the presence of trimethyl borate. CMCS reacts rapidly with anionic nucleophiles, such as halide or acetate ions (X-), in homogeneous solution of their tetrabutylammonium salts in CD3CN, or in a two-phase system (CDCl3/H2O) using alkali-metal salts in conjunction with a phase-transfer catalyst. In both situations the products (ClCH2X) arise by rapid nucleophilic displacement of the chlorosulfate moiety; this then more slowly liberates chloride ion, which converts further CMCS into CH2Cl2. The reactivity of CMCS has been compared with that of MBCS and methyl chlorosulfate (MCS) in competitive experiments; the reactivity order is MCS > MBCS > CMCS >> CH2Cl2. Evidence is also presented suggesting that, in contrast to the halide nucleophiles, reaction of CMCS with sodium phenoxide in tetrahydrofuran solution leads to nucleophilic displacement of the sulfur-bound chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
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