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Abstract
Radical reactions have found many applications in carbohydrate chemistry, especially in the construction of carbon–carbon bonds. The formation of carbon–heteroatom bonds has been less intensively studied. This mini-review will summarize the efforts to add heteroatom radicals to unsaturated carbohydrates like endo-glycals. Starting from early examples, developed more than 50 years ago, the importance of such reactions for carbohydrate chemistry and recent applications will be discussed. After a short introduction, the mini-review is divided in sub-chapters according to the heteroatoms halogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. The mechanisms of radical generation by chemical or photochemical processes and the subsequent reactions of the radicals at the 1-position will be discussed. This mini-review cannot cover all aspects of heteroatom-centered radicals in carbohydrate chemistry, but should provide an overview of the various strategies and future perspectives.
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Yoshimitsu T. Strategic Use of Nitrogen Free Radicals in Natural Product Synthesis: Total Synthesis of Agelastatin A. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yoshimitsu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
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Buttar S, Caine J, Goné E, Harris R, Gillman J, Atienza R, Gupta R, Sogi KM, Jain L, Abascal NC, Levine Y, Repka LM, Rojas CM. Glycal Metallanitrenes for 2-Amino Sugar Synthesis: Amidoglycosylation of Gulal-, Allal-, Glucal-, and Galactal 3-Carbamates. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8054-8080. [PMID: 29979042 PMCID: PMC6662188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The rhodium(II)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of glycal 3-carbamates with in situ incorporation of an alcohol nucleophile at the anomeric position provides access to a range of 2-amino sugars having 1,2-trans-2,3-cis stereochemistry, a structural motif present in compounds of medicinal and biological significance such as the streptothricin group of antibiotics and the Chitinase inhibitor allosamidin. All of the diastereomeric d-glycal 3-carbamates have been investigated, revealing significant differences in anomeric stereoselectivity depending on substrate stereochemistry and protecting groups. In addition, some substrates were prone to forming C3-oxidized dihydropyranone byproducts under the reaction conditions. Allal- and gulal 3-carbamates provided uniformly high stereo- and chemoselectivity, while for glucal substrates, acyclic, electron-withdrawing protecting groups at the 4 O and 6 O positions were required. Galactal 3-carbamates have been the most challenging substrates; formation of their amidoglycosylation products is most effective with an electron-withdrawing 6 O-Ts substituent and a sterically demanding 4 O-TBS group. These results suggest a mechanism whereby conformational and electronic factors determine the partitioning of an intermediate acyl nitrenoid between alkene addition, leading to amidoglycosylation, and C3-H insertion, providing the dihydropyranone byproduct. Along the amidoglycosylation pathway, high anomeric selectivity results when a glycosyl aziridine intermediate is favored over an aziridine-opened oxocarbenium donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Buttar
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Julia Caine
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Evelyne Goné
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Reneé Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jennifer Gillman
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Roxanne Atienza
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kimberly M. Sogi
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Lauren Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Nadia C. Abascal
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yetta Levine
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Lindsay M. Repka
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Christian M. Rojas
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Mirabella S, Cardona F, Goti A. From glycals to aminosugars: a challenging test for new stereoselective aminohydroxylation and related methodologies. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5186-204. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00649c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The most relevant methods to access 1-, 2-, 3-amino or 1,2-diaminosugars starting from unsaturated carbohydrates are concisely reviewed; the given examples illustrate the great challenges offered to several stereoselective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Mirabella
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”
- Università degli Studi di Firenze
- Sesto Fiorentino (FI)
- Italy
| | - F. Cardona
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”
- Università degli Studi di Firenze
- Sesto Fiorentino (FI)
- Italy
| | - A. Goti
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”
- Università degli Studi di Firenze
- Sesto Fiorentino (FI)
- Italy
- ICCOM-CNR
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Lu DF, Zhu CL, Jia ZX, Xu H. Iron(II)-catalyzed intermolecular amino-oxygenation of olefins through the N-O bond cleavage of functionalized hydroxylamines. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13186-9. [PMID: 25166591 PMCID: PMC4183608 DOI: 10.1021/ja508057u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An iron-catalyzed diastereoselective intermolecular olefin amino-oxygenation reaction is reported, which proceeds via an iron-nitrenoid generated by the N-O bond cleavage of a functionalized hydroxylamine. In this reaction, a bench-stable hydroxylamine derivative is used as the amination reagent and oxidant. This method tolerates a range of synthetically valuable substrates that have been all incompatible with existing amino-oxygenation methods. It can also provide amino alcohol derivatives with regio- and stereochemical arrays complementary to known amino-oxygenation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Fu Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Cheng-Liang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Zhen-Xin Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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Lu DF, Liu GS, Zhu CL, Yuan B, Xu H. Iron(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Olefin Aminofluorination. Org Lett 2014; 16:2912-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501051p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Fu Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Guan-Sai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Cheng-Liang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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Shigeoka D, Kamon T, Yoshimitsu T. Formal synthesis of (-)-agelastatin A: an iron(II)-mediated cyclization strategy. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:860-5. [PMID: 23766801 PMCID: PMC3678661 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An iron(II)-mediated aminohalogenation of a cyclopentenyl N-tosyloxycarbamate provided new access to the key intermediate for the synthesis of (-)-agelastatin A (AA, 1), a potent antiproliferative alkaloid. The present synthetic endeavour offered an insight into the mechanism underlying the iron(II)-mediated aminohalogenation of N-tosyloxycarbamate, in which the radical properties of the N-iron intermediates in the redox states were operative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Shigeoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Liu GS, Zhang YQ, Yuan YA, Xu H. Iron(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Aminohydroxylation of Olefins with Functionalized Hydroxylamines. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:3343-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja311923z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Sai Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia
30303, United States
| | - Yong-Qiang Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia
30303, United States
| | - Yong-An Yuan
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia
30303, United States
| | - Hao Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia
30303, United States
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Kamon T, Shigeoka D, Tanaka T, Yoshimitsu T. Intramolecular iron(II)-catalyzed aminobromination of allyl N-tosyloxycarbamates. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2363-5. [PMID: 22349660 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob07190h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Allyl N-tosyloxycarbamates are found to be catalytically transformed into β-brominated oxazolidinones with FeBr(2)/n-Bu(4)NBr in t-BuOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kamon
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Radicals in transition metal catalyzed reactions? transition metal catalyzed radical reactions? - a fruitful interplay anyway: part 2. Radical catalysis by group 8 and 9 elements. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2011; 320:191-322. [PMID: 22143610 DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the current status of transition metal catalyzed reactions involving radical intermediates in organic chemistry. This part focuses on radical-based methods catalyzed by group 8 and group 9 metal complexes. Reductive and redox-neutral coupling methods catalyzed by low-valent metal complexes as well as catalytic oxidative C-C bond formations are reviewed.
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Yoshimitsu T, Ino T, Futamura N, Kamon T, Tanaka T. Total synthesis of the beta-catenin inhibitor, (-)-agelastatin A: a second-generation approach based on radical aminobromination. Org Lett 2009; 11:3402-5. [PMID: 19588910 DOI: 10.1021/ol9012684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The second-generation approach to (-)-agelastatin A has been established. The present strategy features the FeBr(2)-mediated radical cyclization of 2-cyclopentenyloxycarbonyl azide that allows for the stereoselective installation of a cis-vicinal aminobromo functionality suitable for producing the BCD-ring system of agelastatin A. The aminobromination method streamlines access to oxazolidinone, a key intermediate in the previously reported synthesis, thereby culminating in the new total synthesis of (-)-agelastatin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yoshimitsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Gupta R, Sogi KM, Bernard SE, Decatur JD, Rojas CM. Protecting group and solvent control of stereo- and chemoselectivity in glucal 3-carbamate amidoglycosylation. Org Lett 2009; 11:1527-30. [PMID: 19254041 PMCID: PMC2684990 DOI: 10.1021/ol900126q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the Rh(2)(OAc)(4)-catalyzed amidoglycosylation of glucal 3-carbamates, anomeric stereoselectivity and the extent of competing C3-H oxidation depend on the 4O and 6O protecting groups. Acyclic protection permits high alpha-anomer selectivity with further improvement in less polar solvents, while electron-withdrawing protecting groups limit C3-oxidized byproducts. Stereocontrol and bifurcation between alkene insertion and C3-H oxidation reflect an interplay of conformational, stereoelectronic, and inductive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027 and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027
| | - Kimberly M. Sogi
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027 and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027
| | - Sarah E. Bernard
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027 and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027
| | | | - Christian M. Rojas
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027 and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027
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Bodner R, Marcellino BK, Severino A, Smenton AL, Rojas CM. Alpha-N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) synthesis via rhodium(II)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of glucal 3-carbamates. J Org Chem 2005; 70:3988-96. [PMID: 15876087 DOI: 10.1021/jo0500129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Glucal 3-carbamates 1 and 7 underwent oxidative cyclization with iodobenzene diacetate or iodosobenzene in the presence of Rh2(OAc)4, providing mannosamine 2-N,3-O-oxazolidinones. With iodosobenzene, incorporation of 4-penten-1-ol provided a readily separable anomeric mixture of n-pentenyl glycosides, with the anomers exhibiting pronounced differences in reactivity as glycosyl donors. N-acylation of the sugar oxazolidinones led to alpha-selective glycosyl donors for the elaboration of various 2-mannosamine frameworks. Alternatively, the anomeric n-pentenyl glycosides of N-Cbz 2-mannosamine oxazolidinones were converted separately to oxazolidinone-opened derivatives 28alpha and 28beta. These served as stereoconvergent glycosyl donors, and the alpha-linked products were readily advanced to a variety of N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) frameworks, using an intramolecular O-->N acetyl transfer as the final step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Bodner
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, USA
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van den Bos LJ, Codée JDC, van Boom JH, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA. A novel strategy towards the synthesis of orthogonally functionalised 4-aminoglycosides. Org Biomol Chem 2003; 1:4160-5. [PMID: 14685319 DOI: 10.1039/b309823k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A tethered nucleophilic substitution strategy for the stereoselective introduction of axially oriented amino functions on suitably protected gluco- and mannopyranosides is presented. The obtained oxazine is a versatile building block, which after some manipulation, could be used in the construction of highly functionalised oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leendert J van den Bos
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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