The synthesis of 2-ketopiperazine acetic acid esters and amides from ethylenediamines with maleates and maleimides

Recyclization of Maleimides by Binucleophiles as a General Approach for Building Hydrogenated Heterocyclic Systems

The building of heterocyclic systems containing hydrogenated fragments is an important step towards the creation of biologically-active compounds with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity. Among the numerous methods for creating such systems, a special place is occupied by processes using N-substituted maleimides as the initial substrate. This molecule easily reacts in Diels-Alder/retro-Diels-Alder reactions, Michael additions with various nucleophiles, and co-polymerization processes, as have been described in numerous detailed reviews. However, information on the use of maleimides in cascade heterocyclization reactions is currently limited. This study is devoted to a review and analysis of existing literature data on the processes of recyclization of N-substituted maleimides with various C,N-/N,N-/S,N-di- and polynucleophilic agents, such as amidines, guanidines, diamines, aliphatic ketazines, aminouracils, amino- and mercaptoazoles, aminothiourea, and thiocarbomoyl pyrazolines, among others. The significant structural diversity of the recyclization products described in this study illustrates the powerful potential of maleimides as a building block in the organic synthesis of biologically-active compounds with hydrogenated heterocyclic fragments.

Synthesis of 1- and 4-substituted piperazin-2-ones via Jocic-type reactions with N-substituted diamines

Enantiomerically-enriched trichloromethyl-containing alcohols are transformed regioselectively into enantiomerically-enriched 1-substituted piperazinones by modified Jocic reactions.