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Allred TK, Shaghafi MB, Chen PP, Tran Q, Houk KN, Overman LE. Constructing Saturated Guanidinum Heterocycles by Cycloaddition of N-Amidinyliminium Ions with Indoles. Org Lett 2021; 23:7618-7623. [PMID: 34546759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report that structurally complex guanidinium heterocycles can be prepared in one step by regio- and stereoselective [4 + 2]-cycloadditions of N-amidinyliminium ions with indoles or benzothiophene. In contrast to reactions of these heterodienes with alkenes, density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that these cycloadditions take place in a concerted asynchronous fashion. The [4 + 2]-cycloaddition of N-amidinyliminium ions (1,3-diaza-1,3-dienes) with indoles and benzothiophene are distinctive, as related [4 + 2]-cycloadditions of N-acyliminium ions (1-oxa-3-aza-1,3-dienes) are apparently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler K Allred
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Michael B Shaghafi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Quan Tran
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Larry E Overman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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Liu R, Hua Q, Lou Q, Wang J, Li X, Ma Z, Yang Y. NIS/TMSOTf-Promoted Glycosidation of Glycosyl ortho-Hexynylbenzoates for Versatile Synthesis of O-Glycosides and Nucleosides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4763-4778. [PMID: 33689328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycosidation plays a pivotal role in the synthesis of O-glycosides and nucleosides that mediate a diverse range of biological processes. However, efficient glycosidation approach for the synthesis of both O-glycosides and nucleosides remains challenging in terms of glycosidation yields, mild reaction conditions, readily available glycosyl donors, and cheap promoters. Here, we report a versatile N-iodosuccinimide/trimethylsilyl triflate (NIS/TMSOTf)-promoted glycosidation approach with glycosyl ortho-hexynylbenzoates as donors for the highly efficient synthesis of O-glycosides and nucleosides. The glycosidation approach highlights the merits of mild reaction conditions, cheap promoters, extremely wide substrate scope, and good to excellent yields. Notably, the glycosidation approach performs very well in the construction of a series of challenging O- and N-glycosidic linkages. The glycosidation approach is then applied to the efficient synthesis of oligosaccharides via the one-pot strategy and the stepwise strategy. On the basis of the isolation and characterization of the departure species derived from the leaving group, a plausible mechanism of NIS/TMSOTf-promoted glycosidation of glycosyl ortho-hexynylbenzoates is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qingting Hua
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qixin Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiazhe Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhi Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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Wang Q, Wei X, Liao K, Li H, Meng X, Li Z. A convenient preparation of glycosyl sulfoxides and its application to the synthesis of Salidroside epimer. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cui T, Smith R, Zhu X. Stereoselective synthesis of α-glycosyl azides by ring-opening of 1,6-anhydrosugars with trimethylsilyl azide. Carbohydr Res 2015; 416:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Direct aqueous synthesis of non-protected glycosyl sulfoxides; weak inhibitory activity against glycosidases. Carbohydr Res 2015; 413:123-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lian G, Zhang X, Yu B. Thioglycosides in Carbohydrate Research. Carbohydr Res 2015; 403:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nguyen SH, Trotta AH, Cao J, Straub TJ, Bennett CS. Direct O-glycosidation of resin bound thioglycosides. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2373-6. [PMID: 22261792 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06883d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of the safety-catch linker concept to solid-phase glycoconjugate synthesis is described. The process allows for direct conjugation of resin bound glycans to complex aglycones during cleavage. Large excesses of either coupling partner are not required, and even very hindered alcohols serve as acceptors in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son Hong Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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8
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Regioselectivity in the glycosylation of 5-(3-chlorobenzo[b]thien-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:725-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kononov LO, Malysheva NN, Orlova AV. Stereoselectivity of Glycosylation May Change During the Reaction Course: Highly α-Stereoselective Sialylation Achieved by Supramer Approach. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200801017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bai Y, Lowary TL. Synthesis of a Pentasaccharide Fragment of Varianose, a Cell Wall Polysaccharide from Penicillium varians. J Org Chem 2006; 71:9672-80. [PMID: 17168584 DOI: 10.1021/jo061821a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first synthesis of an oligosaccharide fragment of varianose, a polysaccharide produced by Penicillium varians, is reported. The target pentasaccharide features both alpha- and beta-galactofuranoside residues and the alpha-galactofuranoside residue is hindered, being substituted on adjacent oxygens (O1 and O2), both of which are cis to the two-carbon side chain at C4. Key features of the synthesis include a novel method for the selective protection of the C3 hydroxyl group of galactofuranosyl residues via an epoxide formation/opening sequence, the introduction of the alpha-d-galactofuranosyl residue using a 2,3-anhydrosugar donor, and the use of the 1-benzenesulfinylpiperidine/trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride activation method for the addition of an alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residue to a hindered hydroxyl group in an advanced tetrasaccharide intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science and Department of Chemistry, The University of Alberta, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Bräse S, Gil C, Knepper K, Zimmermann V. Organic azides: an exploding diversity of a unique class of compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:5188-240. [PMID: 16100733 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200400657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1626] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of organic azides by Peter Griess more than 140 years ago, numerous syntheses of these energy-rich molecules have been developed. In more recent times in particular, completely new perspectives have been developed for their use in peptide chemistry, combinatorial chemistry, and heterocyclic synthesis. Organic azides have assumed an important position at the interface between chemistry, biology, medicine, and materials science. In this Review, the fundamental characteristics of azide chemistry and current developments are presented. The focus will be placed on cycloadditions (Huisgen reaction), aza ylide chemistry, and the synthesis of heterocycles. Further reactions such as the aza-Wittig reaction, the Sundberg rearrangement, the Staudinger ligation, the Boyer and Boyer-Aubé rearrangements, the Curtius rearrangement, the Schmidt rearrangement, and the Hemetsberger rearrangement bear witness to the versatility of modern azide chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bräse
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe TH, Germany.
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Czifrák K, Hadady Z, Docsa T, Gergely P, Schmidt J, Wessjohann L, Somsák L. Synthesis of N-(β-d-glucopyranosyl) monoamides of dicarboxylic acids as potential inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:947-56. [PMID: 16564511 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Revised: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 03/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
O-peracetylated N-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)imino trimethylphosphorane obtained in situ from 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl azide and PMe3 was reacted with saturated and unsaturated aliphatic and aromatic dicarboxylic acids, or their anhydrides, or monoesters to give the corresponding N-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl) monoamides of dicarboxylic acids or derivatives. The acetyl protecting groups were removed according to the Zemplén protocol to give a series of compounds which showed moderate inhibitory effects against rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b. The best inhibitor was 3-(N-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-carbamoyl)propanoic acid (7) with Ki = 20 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Czifrák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Debrecen, PO Box 20, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
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Abstract
This tutorial review deals with developments in the chemistry of N-fluoropyridinium salts in the past decade, including both synthetic and mechanistic aspects. Three distinct types of transformations including: i) fluorination reactions, ii) carbenoid behavior and iii) cine-/tele- substitution involving N-fluoropyridinium cation are exemplified. Procedures for fluorination of carbanions and benzenoid aromatics along with hetarylation processes yielding 2- and 4-substituted pyridines are referenced. Several new discoveries in the area, including three-component condensation reactions of in situ generated N-fluoropyridinium fluoride are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Kiselyov
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Chemical Diversity, 11558 Sorrento Valley Rd., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Bräse S, Gil C, Knepper K, Zimmermann V. Organische Azide - explodierende Vielfalt bei einer einzigartigen Substanzklasse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200400657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cumpstey I, Chayajarus K, Fairbanks AJ, Redgrave AJ, Seward CM. Allyl protecting group mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery: optimisation of mixed acetal formation and mechanistic investigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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