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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wu X, Lu X, Wang M, Ye D, Iqbal C, Sun W, Zhang X, Zhang L, Yang X. A Novel Peptidomimetic Insecticide: Dippu-AstR-Based Rational Design and Biological Activity of Allatostatin Analogs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11341-11350. [PMID: 38713071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Insect neuropeptides play an essential role in regulating growth, development, reproduction, nerve conduction, metabolism, and behavior in insects; therefore, G protein-coupled receptors of neuropeptides are considered important targets for designing green insecticides. Cockroach-type allatostatins (ASTs) (FGLamides allatostatins) are important insect neuropeptides in Diploptera punctata that inhibit juvenile hormone (JH) synthesis in the corpora allata and affect growth, development, and reproduction of insects. Therefore, the pursuit of novel insecticides targeting the allatostatin receptor (AstR) holds significant importance. Previously, we identified an AST analogue, H17, as a promising candidate for pest control. Herein, we first modeled the 3D structure of AstR in D. punctata (Dippu-AstR) and predicted the binding mode of H17 with Dippu-AstR to study the critical interactions and residues favorable to its bioactivity. Based on this binding mode, we designed and synthesized a series of H17 derivatives and assessed their insecticidal activity against D. punctata. Among them, compound Q6 showed higher insecticidal activity than H17 against D. punctata by inhibiting JH biosynthesis, indicating that Q6 is a potential candidate for a novel insect growth regulator (IGR)-based insecticide. Moreover, Q6 exhibited insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella, indicating that these AST analogs may have a wider insecticidal spectrum. The underlying mechanisms and molecular conformations mediating the interactions of Q6 with Dippu-AstR were explored to understand its effects on the bioactivity. The present work clarifies how a target-based strategy facilitates the discovery of new peptide mimics with better bioactivity, enabling improved IGR-based insecticide potency in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingxing Lu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meizi Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dexing Ye
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chandni Iqbal
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinling Yang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Baghery S, Zarei M, Zolfigol MA, Mallakpour S, Behranvand V. Application of trityl moieties in chemical processes: part I. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-01980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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3
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Sheng SR, Zhou W, Sang XY, Liu XL, Wang QY. Solid-phase synthesis of acrylamides with polymer-bound 2-sulfonylpropanoic acid. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/0308234042430412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel polystyrene-bound 2-sulfonylpropanoic acid has been developed and applied to convenient, traceless synthesis of acrylamides in good yield and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Ri Sheng
- Institutes of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330027, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Institutes of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330027, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Sang
- Institutes of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330027, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- Institutes of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330027, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Ying Wang
- Institutes of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330027, P. R. China
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4
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Wang M, Zhang L, Wang X, Ling Y, Wu X, Li X, Mi Y, Yang X. Exploring the N-terminus region: Synthesis, bioactivity and 3D-QSAR of allatostatin analogs as novel insect growth regulators. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Xie Y, Wang M, Zhang L, Wu X, Yang X, Tobe SS. Synthesis and biological activity of FGLamide allatostatin analogs with Phe3residue modifications. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:600-6. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; 25 Harbord St. Toronto ON M5S 3G5 Canada
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide; Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd.; Shenyang 110021 China
| | - Meizi Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Xinling Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Stephen S. Tobe
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; 25 Harbord St. Toronto ON M5S 3G5 Canada
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Vastl J, Kartika R, Park K, Cho AE, Spiegel DA. Peptidines: glycine-amidine-based oligomers for solution- and solid-phase synthesis. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3317-3324. [PMID: 29997824 PMCID: PMC6006957 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03882k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to emulate biological oligomers have given rise to a host of useful technologies, ranging from solid-phase peptide and nucleic acid synthesis to various peptidomimetic platforms. Herein we introduce a novel class of peptide-like oligomers called "peptidines" wherein each carbonyl O-atom within poly-N-alkyl glycine oligomers is replaced with a functionalized N-atom. Compared to peptoids or peptides, the presence of this amidine N-substituent in peptidines effectively doubles the number of diversification sites per monomeric unit, and can decrease their overall conformational flexibility. We have developed iterative solution- and solid-phase protocols for the straightforward assembly of peptidines containing diverse backbone and amidine substituents, derived from readily available primary and secondary amines. We have also performed crystallographic and computational studies, which demonstrate a strong preference for the trans (E) amidine geometry. Given their straightforward synthetic preparation and high functional group density, peptidines have the potential to serve as useful tools for library generation, peptide mimicry, and the identification of biologically active small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Vastl
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect Street , New Haven , CT 06511 , USA .
| | - Rendy Kartika
- Department of Chemistry , Louisinanna State University , 337 Chemistry and Materials Building , Baton Rouge , LA 70803 , USA
| | - Kichul Park
- Department of Bioinformatics , Korea University Sejong Campus , 2511 Sejong-ro , Sejong City 399-770 , Korea
| | - Art E Cho
- Department of Bioinformatics , Korea University Sejong Campus , 2511 Sejong-ro , Sejong City 399-770 , Korea
| | - David A Spiegel
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect Street , New Haven , CT 06511 , USA . .,Department of Pharmacology , Yale University , 333 Cedar Street , New Haven , CT 06520 , USA
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Xie Y, Zhang L, Zhang C, Wu X, Deng X, Yang X, Tobe SS. Synthesis, biological activity, and conformational study of N-methylated allatostatin analogues inhibiting juvenile hormone biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2870-2876. [PMID: 25751662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An allatostatin (AST) neuropeptide mimic (H17) is a potential insect growth regulator, which inhibits the production of juvenile hormone (JH) by the corpora allata. To determine the effect of conformation of novel AST analogues and their ability to inhibit JH biosynthesis, eight insect AST analogues were synthesized using H17 as the lead compound by N-methylation scanning, which is a common strategy for improving the biological properties of peptides. A bioassay using JH production by corpora allata of the cockroach Diploptera punctata indicated that single N-methylation mimics (analogues 1-4) showed more activity than double N-methylation mimics (analogues 5-8). Especially, analogues 1 and 4 showed roughly equivalent activity to that of H17, with IC50 values of 5.17 × 10(-8) and 6.44 × 10(-8) M, respectively. Molecular modeling based on nuclear magnetic resonance data showed that the conformation of analogues 1 and 4 seems to be flexible, whereas analogues 2 and 3 showed a type IV β-turn. This flexible linear conformation was hypothesized to be a new important and indispensable structural element beneficial to the activity of AST mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xie
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- ‡Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
- §State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Company, Limited, Shenyang, Liaoning 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanliang Zhang
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- ‡Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Xile Deng
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinling Yang
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephen S Tobe
- ‡Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
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Manipulating the pH response of 2,3-diaminopropionic acid rich peptides to mediate highly effective gene silencing with low-toxicity. J Control Release 2013; 172:929-38. [PMID: 24144917 PMCID: PMC3858832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cationic amphipathic pH responsive peptides possess high in vitro and in vivo nucleic acid delivery capabilities and function by forming a non-covalent complex with cargo, protecting it from nucleases, facilitating uptake via endocytosis and responding to endosomal acidification by being released from the complex and inserting into and disordering endosomal membranes. We have designed and synthesised peptides to show how Coulombic interactions between ionizable 2,3-diaminopropionic acid (Dap) side chains can be manipulated to tune the functional pH response of the peptides to afford optimal nucleic acid transfer and have modified the hydrogen bonding capabilities of the Dap side chains in order to reduce cytotoxicity. When compared with benchmark delivery compounds, the peptides are shown to have low toxicity and are highly effective at mediating gene silencing in adherent MCF-7 and A549 cell lines, primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells and both differentiated macrophage-like and suspension monocyte-like THP-1 cells.
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9
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Liu XL, Wang XC, Sheng SR. Solid-Phase Synthesis of 2-Alkenamides from Polystyrene-Supported α-Selenocarboxylic Acids. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200400189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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10
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Hu M, Huang W, Giulianotti MA, Houghten RA, Yu Y. Parallel synthesis of 1,6-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazin-3-ones on solid-phase. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2013; 15:335-9. [PMID: 23750635 DOI: 10.1021/co400064d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A parallel solid-phase synthesis of 1,6-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazin-3-ones from MBHA resin is described. The reduction of resin-bound nitrosamino acids provides hydrazines efficiently without affecting the amide bond. The trityl protected hydrazine is then reduced with borane, and cyclized with 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole. The desired products are cleaved from their solid support and obtained in good yield and purity. This methodology is of value for the rapid parallel preparation of these potentially bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hu
- Institute
of Materia Medica,
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute
of Materia Medica,
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Marc A. Giulianotti
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port
St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Richard A. Houghten
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port
St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Yongping Yu
- Institute
of Materia Medica,
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port
St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
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11
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Xie Y, Kai ZP, Tobe SS, Deng XL, Ling Y, Wu XQ, Huang J, Zhang L, Yang XL. Design, synthesis and biological activity of peptidomimetic analogs of insect allatostatins. Peptides 2011; 32:581-6. [PMID: 20969906 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Allatostatins (ASTs) comprise a family of insect neuropeptides isolated from cockroaches and found to inhibit the production of juvenile hormone (JH) by the corpora allata (CA). For this reason, the ASTs can be regarded as possible IGR candidates for pest control. Six peptidomimetic analogs according to the C-terminal pentapeptide of ASTs were prepared by solid-phase organic synthetic methods in an attempt to obtain new simple substitution agents. Assays of inhibition of JH biosynthesis in vitro by corpora allata from the cockroach Diploptera punctata showed that the activity of analog I (IC(50): 0.09 μM) was more active than that of the C-terminal pentapeptide (Tyr-Xaa-Phe-Gly-Leu-NH(2), IC(50): 0.13 μM) it mimicked and the activity of the analog II (IC(50): 0.13 μM) proved roughly equivalent to the C-terminal pentapeptide. The results indicate that a new simple mimicry for Tyr-Xaa-Phe-Gly has been discovered; analog I may be a novel compound candidate for potential IGRs. This study will be useful for the design of new AST analogs for insect management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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12
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Häcker HG, Meusel M, Aschfalk M, Gütschow M. Solid-phase synthesis of disubstituted N-acylureas from resin-bound ureas and acyl chlorides. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2011; 13:59-64. [PMID: 21247126 DOI: 10.1021/co100020b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acylureas (ureides) are valued for their important biological activities. Whereas cyclic acylureas have frequently been the object of solid-phase chemistry, only few reports have focused on the solid-supported preparation of acyclic representatives. We have prepared different types of acylureas on Rink amide resin in three or four steps. The products are either N-acylated (9, 18), N-acylated-N'-alkylated (10, 19), or N-acylated-N-alkylated (22). Characteristic NMR parameters of isomeric acylureas 10, 19, and 22 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Georg Häcker
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuela Meusel
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Melanie Aschfalk
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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13
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Wang G, Li Z, Ha C, Ding K. Direct Oxidation of N‐Benzylamides to Aldehydes or Ketones by N‐Bromosuccinimide. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910801929697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangjun Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry , Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- b Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Zhengwei Li
- c Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengyong Ha
- a Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry , Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Ding
- c Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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14
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Kofoed J, Reymond JL. Identification of protease substrates by combinatorial profiling on TentaGel beads. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:4453-5. [PMID: 17971953 DOI: 10.1039/b713595e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reacting a 65,536 member combinatorial library of octapeptides on TentaGel beads with various proteases followed by selective staining of the free amino termini at the reacted bead surface and sequence determination by amino acid analysis allowed the rapid identification of protease substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Kofoed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland
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15
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Sheng SR, Wang XC, Liu XL, Song CS. Selenium-Linking Strategy for Traceless Solid-Phase Synthesis of Acrylamides. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120022176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Stieber F, Mazitschek R, Soric N, Giannis A, Waldmann H. Festphasensynthese von 2-Aminothiazolen unter Verwendung des spurlosen Hydrazid-Ankers: Rezeptortyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren mit dualer Selektivität für Tie-2 und VEGFR-2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200290039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Stieber F, Mazitschek R, Soric N, Giannis A, Waldmann H. Traceless solid-phase synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles: receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors with dual selectivity for Tie-2 and VEGFR-2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002; 41:4757-61. [PMID: 12481350 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200290040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Stieber
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie, Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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19
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Burkett BA, Chai CL. N-Fmoc-dehydroalanine: a versatile molecular scaffold for the rapid solid-phase synthesis of cycloaliphatic amino acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)01113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Guillier F, Orain D, Bradley M. Linkers and cleavage strategies in solid-phase organic synthesis and combinatorial chemistry. Chem Rev 2000; 100:2091-158. [PMID: 11749285 DOI: 10.1021/cr980040+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Guillier
- Department of Chemistry, Southampton University, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and Alanex Division of Agouron Pharmaceuticals, A Werner Lambert Company, 3550 General Atomic Courts, San Diego, California 92121
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21
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Solid-phase synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical polyamine analogues of philanthotoxins using a Dde-linker. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)02238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Until recently, resins were used primarily for peptide and oligonucleotide synthesis. Recent advances in combinatorial chemistry have fostered increased acceptance of resins as supports for the synthesis of small molecule libraries. The methodology for selecting a resin bead that is ideal for the solid phase synthesis of small molecules is described in this review. The process of manufacturing a typical resin, the UniSphere-200, is also explained. Furthermore, a new approach is proposed for the solid phase synthesis of analogs which are traditionally done in solution phase. This new procedure involves the use of building blocks attached to an activated resin. These building blocks are displaced by a functional group on the scaffold around which the analogs are built. Use of an excess of resin-linked building blocks drives the reaction to completion. Additionally, a newly developed, grafted surface solid support, is described. This support, the MicroTube, can be used for the synthesis of large numbers of discrete molecules by a patented directed sorting method.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Mendonca
- IRORI, 11149 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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23
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Bui CT, Bray AM, Ercole F, Pham Y, Rasoul FA, Maeji N. Acetophenone-based linker for solid phase synthesis of secondary amides and sulfonamides on the Multipin™ support. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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25
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26
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27
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Booth S, Hermkens PH, Ottenheijm HC, Rees DC. Solid-phase organic reactions III: A review of the literature Nov 96–Dec 97. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00968-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Eggenweiler HM. Linkers for solid-phase synthesis of small molecules: coupling and cleavage techniques. Drug Discov Today 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(98)01265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Brown DS, Revill JM, Shute RE. Merrifield, Alpha-MethoxyPhenyl (MAMP) resin; a new versatile solid support for the synthesis of secondary amides. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)01892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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