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Al Saoud R, Hamrouni A, Idris A, Mousa WK, Abu Izneid T. Recent advances in the development of sialyltransferase inhibitors to control cancer metastasis: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115091. [PMID: 37421784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer-associated mortalities, representing a huge health and economic burden. One of the mechanisms that enables metastasis is hypersialylation, characterized by an overabundance of sialylated glycans on the tumor surface, which leads to repulsion and detachment of cells from the original tumor. Once the tumor cells are mobilized, sialylated glycans hijack the natural killer T-cells through self-molecular mimicry and activatea downstream cascade of molecular events that result in inhibition of cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses against cancer cells, ultimately leading to immune evasion. Sialylation is mediated by a family of enzymes known as sialyltransferases (STs), which catalyse the transfer of sialic acid residue from the donor, CMP-sialic acid, onto the terminal end of an acceptor such as N-acetylgalactosamine on the cell-surface. Upregulation of STs increases tumor hypersialylation by up to 60% which is considered a distinctive hallmark of several types of cancers such as pancreatic, breast, and ovarian cancer. Therefore, inhibiting STs has emerged as a potential strategy to prevent metastasis. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the recent advances in designing novel sialyltransferase inhibitors using ligand-based drug design and high-throughput screening of natural and synthetic entities, emphasizing the most successful approaches. We analyse the limitations and challenges of designing selective, potent, and cell-permeable ST inhibitors that hindered further development of ST inhibitors into clinical trials. We conclude by analysing emerging opportunities, including advanced delivery methods which further increase the potential of these inhibitors to enrich the clinics with novel therapeutics to combat metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranim Al Saoud
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amar Hamrouni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Adi Idris
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, QLD, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Walaa K Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tareq Abu Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Kerim MD, Cattoen M, Fincias N, Dos Santos A, Arseniyadis S, El Kaïm L. Palladium-catalysedO-Allylation of α-Hydroxyphosphonates: An Expedient Entry into Phosphono-oxaheterocycles. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Dolé Kerim
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA ParisTech, UMR 7652; Université Paris-Saclay; 828 Bd des Maréchaux 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Martin Cattoen
- Queen Mary University of London; School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Nicolas Fincias
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA ParisTech, UMR 7652; Université Paris-Saclay; 828 Bd des Maréchaux 91128 Palaiseau France
- Queen Mary University of London; School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Aurélie Dos Santos
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA ParisTech, UMR 7652; Université Paris-Saclay; 828 Bd des Maréchaux 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Stellios Arseniyadis
- Queen Mary University of London; School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Laurent El Kaïm
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA ParisTech, UMR 7652; Université Paris-Saclay; 828 Bd des Maréchaux 91128 Palaiseau France
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3
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Szabo R, Skropeta D. Advancement of Sialyltransferase Inhibitors: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:219-270. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Szabo
- School of Chemistry; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Danielle Skropeta
- School of Chemistry; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- Centre for Medical & Molecular Bioscience; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
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Li W, Niu Y, Xiong DC, Cao X, Ye XS. Highly Substituted Cyclopentane-CMP Conjugates as Potent Sialyltransferase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7972-90. [PMID: 26406919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sialylconjugates on cell surfaces are involved in many biological events such as cellular recognition, signal transduction, and immune response. It has been reported that aberrant sialylation at the nonreducing end of glycoconjugates and overexpression of sialyltransferases (STs) in cells are correlated with the malignance, invasion, and metastasis of tumors. Therefore, inhibitors of STs would provide valuable leads for the discovery of antitumor drugs. On the basis of the transition state of the enzyme-catalyzed sialylation reaction, we proposed that the cyclopentane skeleton in its two puckered conformations might mimic the planar structure of the donor (CMP-Neu5Ac) in the transition state. A series of cyclopentane-containing compounds were designed and synthesized by coupling different cyclopentane α-hydroxyphosphonates with cytidine phosphoramidite. Their inhibitory activities against recombinant human ST6Gal-I were assayed, and a potent inhibitor 48l with a Ki of 0.028 ± 0.006 μM was identified. The results show that the cyclopentanoid-type compounds could become a new type of sialyltransferase inhibitors as biological probes or drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Peking University , Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Youhong Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Peking University , Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - De-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Peking University , Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Peking University , Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
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Kumar R, Nasi R, Bhasin M, Huan Khieu N, Hsieh M, Gilbert M, Jarrell H, Zou W, Jennings HJ. Sialyltransferase inhibitors: consideration of molecular shape and charge/hydrophobic interactions. Carbohydr Res 2013; 378:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bitok JK, Meyers CF. Synthesis and evaluation of stable substrate analogs as potential modulators of cyclodiphosphate synthase IspF. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013; 4:130-134. [PMID: 23509611 DOI: 10.1039/c2md20175e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Stable IspF substrate analogs were synthesized. In the presence of substrate analogs, the E. coli IspF-MEP complex shows activities distinct from IspF, and bisphosphonates (BP) behave differently than their diphosphate (DP) counterparts. Bisphosphonate analogs activate and/or stabilize IspF, and only the closest structural substrate analog weakly inhibits the IspF-MEP complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kipchirchir Bitok
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Schmidt RR, Vankar YD. 2-nitroglycals as powerful glycosyl donors: application in the synthesis of biologically important molecules. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41:1059-73. [PMID: 18598060 DOI: 10.1021/ar7002495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[Reaction: see text]. The biological significance of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates is profound and wide-ranging. For example, the mucins have attracted attention because of their role in fundamental cellular processes such as fertilization, parasitic infection, inflammation, immune defense, cell growth, and cell-cell adhesion. Increased expression of mucins is implicated in malignant transformation of cells. Antifreeze glycoproteins also are of interest because they are important for the survival of many marine teleost fishes that live in polar and subpolar waters. The synthesis of glycoconjugates requires methods for glycoside bond formation, the most difficult aspect of which is the assembly of monosaccharide building blocks. This Account discusses a valuable addition to the repertoire of methods for glycoconjugate synthesis: an approach that involves 2-nitroglycal concatenation. For a long time, methods for glycosylation via glycosyl donor generation required either an anomeric oxygen exchange reaction or anomeric oxygen retention. In the case of an anomeric oxygen exchange reaction, activation of the glycosyl donors demands a promoter in at least equimolar amounts. However, anomeric oxygen retention, such as base-catalyzed formation of O-glycosyl trichloroacetimidates, can be activated by catalytic amounts of acid or Lewis acid. Alternatively, glycals, which are readily available from sugars, can be an attractive starting material for glycoside bond formation. Their nucleophilic character at C-2 permits reactions with oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur electrophiles that under high substrate stereocontrol generally lead to three-membered rings; ring opening under acid catalysis furnishes the corresponding glycosides, whichdepending on the electrophile Xare also employed for 2-deoxyglycoside synthesis. Glycals also can be transformed into derivatives that have at C-2 an electron-withdrawing group and are amenable to Michael-type addition. A good example are 2-nitroglycals. In this case, glycoside bond formation is achieved under base catalysis and leads to 2-deoxy-2-nitroglycosides. These intermediates are readily converted into 2-amino-2-deoxyglycosides, which are constituents of almost all glycoconjugates. This 2-nitroglycal concatenation has been extensively investigated with 2-nitrogalactal derivatives. When alcohols are used as nucleophiles and strong bases used as catalysts, the result is primarily or exclusively the alpha-galacto-configured adducts. Some studies show that weaker bases may lead to preferential formation of the beta-galacto-configured products instead. The reaction was very successfully extended to other nucleophiles and also to other 2-nitroglycals that undergo base-catalyzed stereoselective Michael-type additions. Thus, 2-nitroglycals are versatile synthons in glycoconjugate and natural-products synthesis, and it is foreseeable that many more applications will be based on these readily available and highly functionalized skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R. Schmidt
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach M 725, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Yashwant D. Vankar
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208 016, India
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Torres-Sanchez MI, Zaccaria C, Buzzi B, Miglio G, Lombardi G, Polito L, Russo G, Lay L. Synthesis and biological evaluation of phosphono analogues of capsular polysaccharide fragments from Neisseria meningitidis A. Chemistry 2007; 13:6623-35. [PMID: 17508372 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis type A (MenA) is a Gram-negative encapsulated bacterium that may cause explosive epidemics of meningitis, especially in the sub-Saharan region of Africa. The development and manufacture of an efficient glycoconjugate vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis A is greatly hampered by the poor hydrolytic stability of its capsular polysaccharide, which is made up of (1-->6)-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl phosphate repeating units. Since this chemical lability is a product of the inherent instability of the phosphodiester bridges, here we report the synthesis of phosphonoester-linked oligomers of N-acetyl mannosamine as candidates for stabilised analogues of the corresponding phosphate-bridged saccharides. The installation of each interglycosidic phosphonoester linkage was achieved by Mitsunobu coupling of a glycosyl C-phosphonate building block with the 6-OH moiety of a mannosaminyl residue. Each of the synthesised compounds contains an O-linked aminopropyl spacer at its reducing end (alpha- or beta-oriented) to allow for protein conjugation. The relative affinities of the synthetic molecules were investigated by a competitive ELISA assay and showed that a human polyclonal anti-MenA serum can recognise both the phosphonoester-bridged fragments 1-3 and their monomeric subunits, glycosides 20 and 21. Moreover, the biological results suggest that the abilities of these compounds to inhibit the binding of a specific antibody to MenA polysaccharide are dependent on the chain lengths of the molecules, but independent on the orientations of the anomeric linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Torres-Sanchez
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale and Centro Interdisciplinare Studi Bio-molecolari e Applicazioni Industriali, Università degli Studi di Milano via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Yashunsky DV, Borodkin VS, Ferguson MAJ, Nikolaev AV. The chemical synthesis of bioactive glycosylphosphatidylinositols from Trypanosoma cruzi containing an unsaturated fatty acid in the lipid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:468-74. [PMID: 16342127 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Yashunsky
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Division of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Microbiology, University of Dundee, Carnelley Building, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
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Mathew B, Schmidt RR. Potential sialyltransferase inhibitors based on neuraminyl substitution by hetaryl rings. Carbohydr Res 2006; 342:558-66. [PMID: 16989791 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Revised: 08/17/2006] [Accepted: 08/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of the neuraminyl residue by a wide range of aryl rings in transition-state analogs of CMP-Neu5Ac led to readily accessible and potent inhibitors of alpha-(2-->6)- and alpha-(2-->3)-sialyltransferases. The synthesis of a series of potential sialyltransferase inhibitors in which the neuraminyl residue is replaced by hetaryl methylphosphonate residues (thiazole, benzothiazole, benzoxazole, benzothiophene and thiophene) is described in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bini Mathew
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach M 725, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Yashunsky DV, Borodkin VS, Ferguson MAJ, Nikolaev AV. The Chemical Synthesis of Bioactive Glycosylphosphatidylinositols fromTrypanosoma cruzi Containing an Unsaturated Fatty Acid in the Lipid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hsu CC, Lin TW, Chang WW, Wu CY, Lo WH, Wang PH, Tsai YC. Soyasaponin-I-modified invasive behavior of cancer by changing cell surface sialic acids. Gynecol Oncol 2005; 96:415-22. [PMID: 15661230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sialylation involving tumor formation and invasive behavior goes along with altered sialyltransferase (ST) activity. A potent ST inhibitor, soyasaponin I (SsaI), was discovered to selectively inhibit the cellular alpha2,3-sialyltranserase activity. In this study, we further test the effects of SsaI on modifying the metastatic and invasive behaviors of cancer cell lines. METHODS Nonmetastatic breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, and highly metastastic breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, were used to investigate the effects of SsaI on tumor cells. RESULTS SsaI did not affect cell growth cycle and also failed to inhibit cell growth in this study (the concentration of SsaI < or=100 muM). SsaI was as predicted to successfully inhibit cellular alpha2,3-ST activity and depressed the dose-dependent tumor cell surface alpha2,3-sialic acid expression. In addition, different concentrations of SsaI did stimulate MCF-7 cell adhesion to collagen type I linearly and significantly enhanced cell adhesion to the Matrigel-matrix. Furthermore, SsaI significantly decreased MDA-MB-231 cell migration. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for evaluating mRNA expression of ST3Gal I, III and IV showed that SsaI also down-regulated the expression of ST3Gal IV but did not affect the other two. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that SsaI was implicated in the invasive behavior of tumor cells, suggesting that altered alpha2,3-sialylation pathway played a crucial role in the adhesion and tumor metastases. SsaI is a good candidate for studying the biological roles of ST, and might provide a new preventive strategy in tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Cheng Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Nyffeler PT, Durón SG, Burkart MD, Vincent SP, Wong CH. Selectfluor: Mechanismen und Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200400648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Nyffeler PT, Durón SG, Burkart MD, Vincent SP, Wong CH. Selectfluor: Mechanistic Insight and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004; 44:192-212. [PMID: 15578736 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200400648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The replacement of hydrogen atoms with fluorine substituents in organic substrates is of great interest in synthetic chemistry because of the strong electronegativity of fluorine and relatively small steric footprint of fluorine atoms. Many sources of nucleophilic fluorine are available for the derivatization of organic molecules under acidic, basic, and neutral conditions. However, electrophilic fluorination has historically required molecular fluorine, whose notorious toxicity and explosive tendencies limit its application in research. The necessity for an electrophilic fluorination reagent that is safe, stable, highly reactive, and amenable to industrial production as an alternative to very hazardous molecular fluorine was the inspiration for the discovery of selectfluor. This reagent is not only one of the most reactive electrophilic fluorinating reagents available, but it is also safe, nontoxic, and easy to handle. In this Review we document the many applications of selectfluor and discuss possible mechanistic pathways for its reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Nyffeler
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, BCC 357, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Skropeta D, Schwörer R, Schmidt RR. Stereoselective synthesis of phosphoramidate alpha(2-6)sialyltransferase transition-state analogue inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:3351-4. [PMID: 12951124 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric synthesis of novel, potent phosphoramidate alpha(2-6)sialyltransferase transition-state analogue inhibitors such as (R)-9 (K(i)=68 microM) is described, via condensation of cytidine phosphitamide 6 with key chiral, non-racemic alpha-aminophosphonates, prepared in >98% ee by Mitsunobu azidation followed by Staudinger reduction of the corresponding chiral, non-racemic alpha-hydroxyphosphonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Skropeta
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universitaet Konstanz, Fach M 725, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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Whalen LJ, McEvoy KA, Halcomb RL. Synthesis and evaluation of phosphoramidate amino acid-based inhibitors of sialyltransferases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:301-4. [PMID: 12482445 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several phosphoramidate analogues of CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid were prepared for evaluation as inhibitors of alpha-2,3- and alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase. Central to the synthesis was the oxidative coupling of an amino acid ester with an H-phosphonate to construct the phosphoramidate linkage. All compounds synthesized were weak inhibitors of both of the sialyltransferases as determined by an HPLC-based inhibition assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Whalen
- University of Colorado, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCB 215, Boulder, CO 80309-0215, USA
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Abstract
Sialylation at the non-reducing end of glycoconjugates is an important biological process in cellular recognitions, tumor metastases, and immune responses, which are mediated by a family of enzymes known as sialyltransferases. Inhibition of sialyltransferases may prove useful in elucidating the biological functions of sialylation and may have therapeutic applications. This review summarizes the recent development in this field with particular focus on the strategies used for the design of carbohydrate mimetics and the structure-activity relationships of substrate-based sialyltransferase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road #38, Beijing 100083, PR China
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Bhattacharya AK, Stolz F, Kurzeck J, Rüger W, Schmidt RR. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of substituted aryl- and hetarylmethyl phosphonate and phosphate UMP derivatives as potential glucosyltransferase inhibitors. CAN J CHEM 2002. [DOI: 10.1139/v02-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme β (1[Formula: see text]4)-glucosyltransferase (BGT) catalyses the transfer of glucose from uridine diphosphoglucose (UDP-Glc) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-HMC) bases in double-stranded DNA. Potential inhibitors of BGT were developed by structure-based design and synthesized. The designed inhibitors 16 provide conformational mimicry of the transition state in glucosyltransfer reactions. The key synthetic steps involve a MichaelisArbuzov reaction followed by coupling with uridine-5'-morpholidophosphate as activated UMP derivative. The compounds were tested for in vitro inhibitory activity against BGT and the inhibition kinetics were examined. Three of the designed molecules were found to be potential inhibitors of BGT having IC50values in the micromolar (µM) range. Useful structureactivity relationships were established which provide guidelines for the design of future generations of inhibitors of BGT.Key words: β-glucosyltransferase, transition state, enzyme inhibitors, structure-based design, synthesis.
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Bhattacharya AK, Stolz F, Kurzeck J, Rüger W, Schmidt RR. SAR directed design and synthesis of novel beta(1-4)-glucosyltransferase inhibitors and their in vitro inhibition studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:1129-36. [PMID: 11836124 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes SAR directed design and synthesis of novel beta(1-4)-glucosyltransferase (BGT) inhibitors. The designed inhibitors 1-5 provide conformational mimicry of the transition-state in glucosyltransfer reactions. The compounds were tested for in vitro inhibitory activity against (BGT) and the inhibition kinetics were examined. Three of the designed molecules were found to be potential inhibitors of BGT having IC50 values in micromolar (microM) range. Useful structure-activity relationships were established, which provide guidelines for the design of future generations of inhibitors of BGT.
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22
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Design and synthesis of aryl/hetarylmethyl phosphonate-UMP derivatives as potential glucosyltransferase inhibitors. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00974-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wu CY, Hsu CC, Chen ST, Tsai YC. Soyasaponin I, a potent and specific sialyltransferase inhibitor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 284:466-9. [PMID: 11394903 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of reports demonstrate that hypersialylation, which is observed in certain pathological processes, such as oncogenic transformation, tumor metastasis, and invasion, is associated with enhanced sialyltransferase (ST) activity. There is therefore a need for the development of ST inhibitors to modulate ST activity and thus alleviate the disease processes caused by STs. In the present study, soyasaponin I had been discovered to be a potent and specific ST inhibitor by screening strategy from 7500 samples including micribial extracts and natural products. Kinetic analysis shows that it is a CMP-Neu5Ac competitive inhibitor with for ST3Gal I with an inhibition constant (K(i)) of 2.1 microM. In addition, it is only active against ST, but not against the other tested glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. Our study is the first report to discover ST inhibitor by screening method and also to provide the new chemical structure information that should be useful in the development of other novel ST inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Burkart MD, Vincent SP, Düffels A, Murray BW, Ley SV, Wong CH. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of fluorinated sugar nucleotide: useful mechanistic probes for glycosyltransferases. Bioorg Med Chem 2000; 8:1937-46. [PMID: 11003139 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An effective procedure for the synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-sugar nucleotides via Select fluor-mediated electrophilic fluorination of glycals with concurrent nucleophilic addition or chemo-enzymatic transformation has been developed, and the fluorinated sugar nucleotides have been used as probes for glycosyltransferases, including fucosyltransferase III, V, VI, and VII, and sialyl transferases. In general, these fluorinated sugar nucleotides act as competitive inhibitors versus sugar nucleotide substrates and form a tight complex with the glycosyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Burkart
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Müller B, Schaub C, Schmidt RR. Effiziente Sialyltransferase-Inhibitoren auf der Basis von Übergangszustandsanaloga des Sialyldonors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19981016)110:20<3021::aid-ange3021>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dondoni A, Daninos S, Marra A, Formaglio P. Synthesis of ketosyl and ulosonyl phosphonates by Arbuzov-type glycosidation of thiazolylketol acetates. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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