1
|
Ananikov VP, Ledovskaya MS, Voronin VV, Rodygin KS. Acetylene and Ethylene: Universal C2 Molecular Units in Cycloaddition Reactions. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1654-2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAcetylene and ethylene are the smallest molecules that contain an unsaturated carbon–carbon bond and can be efficiently utilized in a large variety of cycloaddition reactions. In this review, we summarize the application of these C2 molecular units in cycloaddition chemistry and highlight their amazing synthetic opportunities.1 Introduction2 Fundamental Features and Differences of Cycloaddition Reactions Involving Acetylene and Ethylene3 (2+1) Cycloaddition4 [2+2] Cycloaddition5 (3+2) Cycloaddition6 [4+2] Cycloaddition7 (2+2+1) Cycloaddition8 [2+2+2] Cycloaddition9 The Use of Acetylene and Ethylene Cycloaddition for Deuterium and 13C Labeling10 Conclusions
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentine P. Ananikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hölzl A, Bach T. Structural rearrangement cascade initiated by irradiation of but-3-enyl orotates. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
3
|
Poplata S, Tröster A, Zou YQ, Bach T. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Cyclobutanes by Olefin [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Reactions. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9748-815. [PMID: 27018601 PMCID: PMC5025837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 661] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The [2 + 2] photocycloaddition is undisputedly the most important and most frequently used photochemical reaction. In this review, it is attempted to cover all recent aspects of [2 + 2] photocycloaddition chemistry with an emphasis on synthetically relevant, regio-, and stereoselective reactions. The review aims to comprehensively discuss relevant work, which was done in the field in the last 20 years (i.e., from 1995 to 2015). Organization of the data follows a subdivision according to mechanism and substrate classes. Cu(I) and PET (photoinduced electron transfer) catalysis are treated separately in sections 2 and 4 , whereas the vast majority of photocycloaddition reactions which occur by direct excitation or sensitization are divided within section 3 into individual subsections according to the photochemically excited olefin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saner Poplata
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Tröster
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - You-Quan Zou
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Houghton MJ, Biok NA, Huck CJ, Algera RF, Keresztes I, Wright SW, Collum DB. Lithium Enolates Derived from Pyroglutaminol: Aggregation, Solvation, and Atropisomerism. J Org Chem 2016; 81:4149-57. [PMID: 27035057 PMCID: PMC5245164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lithium enolates derived from protected pyroglutaminols were characterized by using (6)Li, (13)C, and (19)F NMR spectroscopies in conjunction with the method of continuous variations. Mixtures of tetrasolvated dimers and tetrasolvated tetramers in different proportions depend on the steric demands of the hemiaminal protecting group, tetrahydrofuran concentration, and the presence or absence of an α-fluoro moiety. The high steric demands of the substituted bicyclo[3.3.0] ring system promote dimers to an unusual extent and allow solvents and atropisomers in cubic tetramers to be observed in the slow-exchange limit. Pyridine used as a (6)Li chemical shift reagent proved useful in assigning solvation numbers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Houghton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Naomi A. Biok
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Christopher J. Huck
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Russell F. Algera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Ivan Keresztes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Stephen W. Wright
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340
| | - David B. Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wright SW, Choi C, Chung S, Boscoe BP, Drozda SE, Mousseau JJ, Trzupek JD. Reversal of Diastereoselection in the Conjugate Addition of Cuprates to Unsaturated Lactams. Org Lett 2015; 17:5204-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W. Wright
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Chulho Choi
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Seungwon Chung
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Brian P. Boscoe
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Susan E. Drozda
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James J. Mousseau
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John D. Trzupek
- Inflammation & Immunology Research, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
André V, Vidal A, Ollivier J, Robin S, Aitken DJ. Rapid access to cis-cyclobutane γ-amino acids in enantiomerically pure form. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Flores R, Alibés R, Figueredo M, Font J. Highly stereoselective synthesis of novel cyclobutane-fused azanucleosides. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
9
|
Faure S, Jensen AA, Maurat V, Gu X, Sagot E, Aitken DJ, Bolte J, Gefflaut T, Bunch L. Stereoselective chemoenzymatic synthesis of the four stereoisomers of l-2-(2-carboxycyclobutyl)glycine and pharmacological characterization at human excitatory amino acid transporter subtypes 1, 2, and 3. J Med Chem 2006; 49:6532-8. [PMID: 17064071 DOI: 10.1021/jm060822s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The four stereoisomers of l-2-(2-carboxycyclobutyl)glycine, l-CBG-I, l-CBG-II, l-CBG-III, and l-CBG-IV, were synthesized in good yield and high enantiomeric excess, from the corresponding cis and trans-2-oxalylcyclobutanecarboxylic acids 5 and 6 using the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) and branched chain aminotransferase (BCAT) from Escherichia coli. The four stereoisomeric compounds were evaluated as potential ligands for the human excitatory amino acid transporters, subtypes 1, 2, and 3 (EAAT1, EAAT2, and EAAT3) in the FLIPR membrane potential assay. While the one trans-stereoisomer, l-CBG-I, displayed weak substrate activity at all three transporters, EAAT1-3, we found a particular pharmacological profile for the other trans-stereoisomer, l-CBG-II, which displayed EAAT1 substrate activity and inhibitory activity at EAAT2 and EAAT3. Whereas l-CBG-III was found to be a weak inhibitor at all three EAAT subtypes, the other cis-stereoisomer l-CBG-IV was a moderately potent inhibitor with 20-30-fold preference for EAAT2/3 over EAAT1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Faure
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Synthesis of the constrained glutamate analogues (2S,1′R,2′R)- and (2S,1′S,2′S)-2-(2′-carboxycyclobutyl)glycines L-CBG-II and L-CBG-I by enzymatic transamination. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.10.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
11
|
|
12
|
Lee W, Miller MJ. Concise Synthesis of 4-Acylamino Analogues of 2-Aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acids (LY354740) from an Acylnitroso Diels−Alder Cycloadduct. J Org Chem 2004; 69:4516-9. [PMID: 15202910 DOI: 10.1021/jo0495034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Concise total syntheses of 4-acylamino analogues of LY354740 were accomplished employing an N-Boc acylnitroso Diels-Alder cycloadduct as the starting material. The syntheses involved N-O bond cleavage, oxidation, intermolecular cyclopropanation, Bucherer-Bergs reaction, hydrolysis, and regioselective acylation with a temporary copper chelate. The synthesis of an optically active compound was also achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pohlman M, Kazmaier U. Efficient stereoselective syntheses of cyclic amino acids via Michael-induced ring-closing reactions. Org Lett 2003; 5:2631-3. [PMID: 12868876 DOI: 10.1021/ol034777j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Zn-chelated glycine ester enolates are highly efficient nucleophiles for the synthesis of trans-methoxycarbonylcyclopropyl- and cyclobutylglycines by domino sequences of Michael additions and subsequent ring closures. They react to give the anti isomers with high yields and excellent diastereoselectivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Pohlman
- Universität des Saarlandes, Institut für Organische Chemie, Im Stadtwald, Geb. 23.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schoepp DD, Jane DE, Monn JA. Pharmacological agents acting at subtypes of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Neuropharmacology 1999; 38:1431-76. [PMID: 10530808 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(99)00092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 831] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Metabotropic (G-protein-coupled) glutamate (mGlu) receptors have now emerged as a recognized, but still relatively new area of excitatory amino acid research. Current understanding of the roles and involvement of mGlu receptor subtypes in physiological/pathophysiological functions of the central nervous system has been recently propelled by the emergence of various structurally novel, potent, and mGlu receptor selective pharmacological agents. This article reviews the evolution of pharmacological agents that have been reported to target mGlu receptors, with a focus on the known receptor subtype selectivities of current agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D D Schoepp
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
From pyrrolidin-2-ones to 3-aza-2-oxobicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes. Synthesis of both enantiomers of cis-2-aminomethylcyclobutane carboxylic acid, a conformationally restricted analogue of GABA. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)01031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|