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Ngo DT, Garwood JJA, Nagib DA. Cyclopropanation with Non-Stabilized Carbenes via Ketyl Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:24009-24015. [PMID: 39049431 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
A radical mechanism enables simple and robust access to nonstabilized, alkyl iron carbenes for novel (2 + 1) cycloadditions. This Fe-catalyzed strategy employs simple, aliphatic aldehydes as carbene precursors in a practical, efficient, and stereoselective cyclopropanation. This air- and water-tolerant method permits convenient generation of iron carbenes and coupling to an exceptionally wide range of sterically and electronically diverse alkenes (nucleophilic, electrophilic, and neutral). A transient ketyl radical intermediate is key to accessing and harnessing this rare, alkyl iron carbene reactivity. Mechanistic experiments confirm the (a) intermediacy of ketyl radicals, (b) iron carbene formation by radical capture, and (c) nonconcerted nature of the (2 + 1) cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong T Ngo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jacob J A Garwood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - David A Nagib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Pattison
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Gibbet Hill Road Coventry UK
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3
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Broggi J, Terme T, Vanelle P. Organic Electron Donors as Powerful Single-Electron Reducing Agents in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:384-413. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Broggi J, Terme T, Vanelle P. Organische Elektronendonoren als leistungsfähige Ein-Elektronen-Reduktionsmittel in der organischen Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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5
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Zhang CP, Chen QY, Guo Y, Xiao JC, Gu YC. Progress in fluoroalkylation of organic compounds via sulfinatodehalogenation initiation system. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:4536-59. [PMID: 22511113 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15352a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The sulfinatodehalogenation reaction represents one of the most important methodologies to incorporate fluorine into organic molecules. Using inexpensive sulfur-containing reactants such as Na(2)S(2)O(4) under mild conditions, per- and polyfluoroalkyl halides (R(F)X, X = Br, I, CCl(3)) can be transformed smoothly into the corresponding sulfinate salts. This method is also used for the perfluoroalkylation of alkenes, dienes, alkynes and aromatics. Notably, after 1998, the sulfinatodehalogenation of perfluoroalkyl chlorides (R(F)Cl) has been realized by using dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent instead of CH(3)CN/H(2)O in the Na(2)S(2)O(4)/NaHCO(3) initiation system. Perfluoroalkyl chlorides, ethyl chlorofluoroacetates and chlorodifluoroacetates, and even nonfluorinated compounds, such as ethyl chloro- or dichloroacetates and chloroform, were either converted into the corresponding sulfinate salts or alkylated alkenes, alkynes and aromatics (including porphyrins). The sulfinatodehalogenation reaction has remarkable advantages. With the increasing demands to utilize the unique properties of fluorine and fluorinated functional groups in medicinal, agricultural and material sciences, we believe that there will continue to be useful developments in sulfinatodehalogenation chemistry and it will be applied more widely in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Pan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Xu W, Médebielle M, Bellance MH, Dolbier WR. Direct Aldol-Reduction Process using Difluoromethyl Aryl Ketones and Aryl Aldehydes in the Presence of Potassium tert-Butoxide: One-Pot Efficient Stereoselective Synthesis of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical anti-2,2-Difluoropropane-1,3-diols. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Mahesh M, Murphy JA, LeStrat F, Wessel HP. Reduction of arenediazonium salts by tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE): efficient formation of products derived from aryl radicals. Beilstein J Org Chem 2009; 5:1. [PMID: 19259337 PMCID: PMC2649425 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.5.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE 1), has been exploited for the first time as a mild reagent for the reduction of arenediazonium salts to aryl radical intermediates through a single electron transfer (SET) pathway. Cyclization of the aryl radicals produced in this way led, in appropriate substrates, to syntheses of indolines and indoles. Cascade radical cyclizations of aryl radicals derived from arenediazonium salts are also reported. The relative ease of removal of the oxidized by-products of TDAE from the reaction mixture makes the methodology synthetically attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Mahesh
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - John A Murphy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Franck LeStrat
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Hans Peter Wessel
- Pharma Research, Discovery Chemistry, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, CH-4070, Switzerland
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Nucleophilic difluoromethylation and trifluoromethylation using tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE) reagent. J Fluor Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2008.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Synthesis of novel fluorinated 4H-benzo[h]chromen-4-one and 4H-pyrano[3,2-h]quinolin-4-one derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.11.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Furin GG. Some new aspects in the application of perfluoroalkyl halides in the synthesis of fluorine-containing organic compounds. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2000v069n06abeh000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Médebielle M, Hohn S, Okada E, Myoken H, Shibata D. Synthesis of novel fluorinated 4-aminoquinoline derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Quero C, Rosell G, Jiménez O, Rodriguez S, Bosch MP, Guerrero A. New fluorinated derivatives as esterase inhibitors. Synthesis, hydration and crossed specificity studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:1047-55. [PMID: 12614892 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A variety of new fluorinated chemicals have been prepared for the first time and tested as inhibitors of esterases, one of the main enzymes involved in pheromone catabolism, in two economically important pests, the Egyptian armyworm Spodoptera littoralis (SL) and the Mediterranean corn borer Sesamia nonagrioides (SN). Using the respective major component of the pheromone as substrate, the K(m) and V(max) of the antennal esterase of both insects resulted to be 5.66 x 10(-4) M and 8.47 x 10(-6) Mmin(-1) for SL and 1.61 x 10(-7) M and 1.25 x 10(-7) Mmin(-1) for SN, pointing out that SN esterase has a higher affinity for its corresponding substrate than SL. In general, the trifluoromethyl ketones (TFMKs) exhibited higher inhibitory potency than the corresponding difluoromethyl ketones (DFMKs) or difluoroaldehydes (DFAs). The compounds appeared to hydrate differently in aqueous solution, the extent of hydration following the order: alpha,alpha-DFMKs<alpha,alpha-difluoro-beta-thioalkylmethyl ketones<TFMKs<beta-thiotrifluoromethyl ketones<alpha,alpha-DFAs. No clear correlation has been found between the K(hyd) and the inhibitory potency and no specificity has been found when the chemicals were assayed on extracts of both insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Quero
- Department of Biological Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Environmental Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Reaction of α-halogen substituted β-ethoxyvinyl trifluoromethyl ketones with 2-aminopyridine: new route to trifluoroacetyl-containing heterocycles. J Fluor Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(02)00190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Generation of heteroarylium-N-difluoromethylides and heteroaryl-N-difluoromethyl anions and their reactions with electrophiles: heteroaryl- and heteroarylium-N-difluoromethyl trimethylsilanes and a new heteroaryl-N-trifluoromethane. J Fluor Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(01)00390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Single electron transfer approaches to the practical synthesis of aromatic and heterocyclic-CF2H derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Burkholder CR, Dolbier WR, Médebielle M. Synthesis and reactivity of halogeno-difluoromethyl aromatics and heterocycles. J Fluor Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(01)00378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Synthesis of α-(heteroarylthio)-α,α-difluoroacetophenone derivatives via the SRN1 methodology. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Billard T, Langlois BR, Médebielle M. Tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE) mediated addition of difluoromethyl anions to heteroaryl thiocyanates. A new simple access to heteroaryl–SCF2R derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Petrov VA. A simple procedure for nucleophilic perfluoroalkylation of organic and inorganic substrates. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Synthesis and electron-transfer reactions of some 3-difluoroacetylated imidazo[1,2- a ]pyridine derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hapiot P, Médebielle M. Electrochemically induced free-radical tandem cyclisation of chlorodifluoromethylated ketones. J Fluor Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(00)00372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Médebielle M, Fujii S, Kato K. An Electrochemical Approach for the Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylated Purine and Indole Analogues of Plant Growth Regulators. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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