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Annaval T, Paris C, Leadlay PF, Jacob C, Weissman KJ. Evaluating Ketoreductase Exchanges as a Means of Rationally Altering Polyketide Stereochemistry. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1357-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Palanichamy K, Kaliappan KP. Synthesis of Saturated Six-Membered Ring Lactones. SYNTHESIS OF SATURATED OXYGENATED HETEROCYCLES I 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-41473-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Ramírez E, Quintero L, Meza-León RL, Sosa-Rivadeneyra M, Cruz-Gregorio S, Sartillo-Piscil F. Rapid access to the synthesis of polysubstituted δ-lactones via tandem stereoselective conjugate addition/α-alkylation of unsaturated 7,3-lactone-α-d-xylofuranose derivative. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Müller T, Djanashvili K, Arends IWCE, Peters JA, Hanefeld U. Aldol reactions mediated by a tetrahedral boronate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012. [PMID: 23191985 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37047f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The base is a key factor in aldol reactions in organic media, determining the selectivity. Here, we describe a tetrahedral phenylboronate salt as a mild non-nucleophilic base that is able to catalyse the aldol reaction and significantly decrease the formation of undesired elimination products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Müller
- Biokatalyse & Organische Chemie, Gebouw voor Scheikunde, Afdeling Biotechnologie, Technische Universiteit Delft, Julianalaan 136, 2628BL Delft, The Netherlands
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Peed J, Periñán Domínguez I, Davies IR, Cheeseman M, Taylor JE, Kociok-Köhn G, Bull SD. Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral δ-Lactones Containing Multiple Contiguous Stereocenters. Org Lett 2011; 13:3592-5. [PMID: 21671632 DOI: 10.1021/ol2012023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Peed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., and Department of Chemical Crystallography, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Ignacio Periñán Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., and Department of Chemical Crystallography, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Iwan R. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., and Department of Chemical Crystallography, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Matt Cheeseman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., and Department of Chemical Crystallography, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - James E. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., and Department of Chemical Crystallography, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., and Department of Chemical Crystallography, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Steven D. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., and Department of Chemical Crystallography, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K
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Kamal A, Balakrishna M, Reddy PV, Faazil S. An efficient synthesis of synargentolide A from d-mannitol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kellenberger L, Galloway IS, Sauter G, Böhm G, Hanefeld U, Cortés J, Staunton J, Leadlay PF. A polylinker approach to reductive loop swaps in modular polyketide synthases. Chembiochem 2009; 9:2740-9. [PMID: 18937219 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Multiple versions of the DEBS 1-TE gene, which encodes a truncated bimodular polyketide synthase (PKS) derived from the erythromycin-producing PKS, were created by replacing the DNA encoding the ketoreductase (KR) domain in the second extension module by either of two synthetic oligonucleotide linkers. This made available a total of nine unique restriction sites for engineering. The DNA for donor "reductive loops," which are sets of contiguous domains comprising either KR or KR and dehydratase (DH), or KR, DH and enoylreductase (ER) domains, was cloned from selected modules of five natural PKS multienzymes and spliced into module 2 of DEBS 1-TE using alternative polylinker sites. The resulting hybrid PKSs were tested for triketide production in vivo. Most of the hybrid multienzymes were active, vindicating the treatment of the reductive loop as a single structural unit, but yields were dependent on the restriction sites used. Further, different donor reductive loops worked optimally with different splice sites. For those reductive loops comprising DH, ER and KR domains, premature TE-catalysed release of partially reduced intermediates was sometimes seen, which provided further insight into the overall stereochemistry of reduction in those modules. Analysis of loops containing KR only, which should generate stereocentres at both C-2 and C-3, revealed that the 3-hydroxy configuration (but not the 2-methyl configuration) could be altered by appropriate choice of a donor loop. The successful swapping of reductive loops provides an interesting parallel to a recently suggested pathway for the natural evolution of modular PKSs by recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurenz Kellenberger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB21GA, United Kingdom
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Gupta S, Lakshmanan V, Kim BS, Fecik R, Reynolds KA. Generation of novel pikromycin antibiotic products through mutasynthesis. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1609-16. [PMID: 18512859 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The pikromycin polyketide synthase (PKS) of S. venezuelae, which consists of one loading module and six extension modules, is responsible for the formation of the hexaketide narbonolide, a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of the antibiotic pikromycin. S. venezuelae strains in which PikAI, which houses the loading domain and first two modules of the PKS, is either absent or catalytically inactive, produce no pikromycin product. When these strains are grown in the presence of a synthetically prepared triketide product, activated as the N-acetylcysteamine thioester, pikromycin yields are restored to as much as 11 % of that seen in the wild-type strain. Feeding analogues of the triketide intermediate provides pikromycin analogues bearing different alkyl substituents at C13 and C14. One of these analogues, Delta(15,16)-dehydropikromycin, exhibits improved antimicrobial activity relative to pikromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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Oh HS, Yun JS, Nah KH, Kang HY, Sherman DH. Synthesis of the Tetraketide Lactones from the Pikromycin Biosynthetic Pathway. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Córdova A, Ibrahem I, Casas J, Sundén H, Engqvist M, Reyes E. Amino acid catalyzed neogenesis of carbohydrates: a plausible ancient transformation. Chemistry 2007; 11:4772-84. [PMID: 15929141 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hexose sugars play a fundamental role in vital biochemical processes and their biosynthesis is achieved through enzyme-catalyzed pathways. Herein we disclose the ability of amino acids to catalyze the asymmetric neogenesis of carbohydrates by sequential cross-aldol reactions. The amino acids mediate the asymmetric de novo synthesis of natural L- and D-hexoses and their analogues with excellent stereoselectivity in organic solvents. In some cases, the four new stereocenters are assembled with almost absolute stereocontrol. The unique feature of these results is that, when an amino acid is employed as the catalyst, a single reaction sequence can convert a protected glycol aldehyde into a hexose in one step. For example, proline and its derivatives catalyze the asymmetric neogenesis of allose with >99 % ee in one chemical manipulation. Furthermore, all amino acids tested catalyzed the asymmetric formation of natural sugars under prebiotic conditions, with alanine being the smallest catalyst. The inherent simplicity of this catalytic process suggests that a catalytic prebiotic "gluconeogenesis" may occur, in which amino acids transfer their stereochemical information to sugars. In addition, the amino acid catalyzed stereoselective sequential cross-aldol reactions were performed as a two-step procedure with different aldehydes as acceptors and nucleophiles. The employment of two different amino acids as catalysts for the iterative direct aldol reactions enabled the asymmetric synthesis of deoxysugars with >99 % ee. In addition, the direct amino acid catalyzed C(2)+C(2)+C(2) methodology is a new entry for the short, highly enantioselective de novo synthesis of carbohydrate derivatives, isotope-labeled sugars, and polyketide natural products. The one-pot asymmetric de novo syntheses of deoxy and polyketide carbohydrates involved a novel dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DYKAT) mediated by an amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Córdova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden.
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Abstract
Polyketide natural products such as erythromycin and rapamycin are assembled on polyketide synthases (PKSs), which consist of modular sets of catalytic activities distributed across multiple protein subunits. Correct protein-protein interactions among the PKS subunits which are critical to the fidelity of biosynthesis are mediated in part by "docking domains" at the termini of the proteins. The NMR solution structure of a representative docking domain complex from the erythromycin PKS (DEBS) was recently solved, and on this basis it has been proposed that PKS docking is mediated by the formation of an intermolecular four-alpha-helix bundle. Herein, we report the genetic engineering of such a docking domain complex by replacement of specific helical segments and analysis of triketide synthesis by mutant PKSs in vivo. The results of these helix swaps are fully consistent with the model and highlight residues in the docking domains that may be targeted to alter the efficiency or specificity of subunit-subunit docking in hybrid PKSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira J Weissman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK.
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A convergent route to β-hydroxy δ-lactones through Prins cyclisation as the key step: synthesis of (+)-prelactones B, C and V. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.01.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Casas J, Engqvist M, Ibrahem I, Kaynak B, Córdova A. Direct Amino Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Polyketide Sugars. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Casas J, Engqvist M, Ibrahem I, Kaynak B, Córdova A. Direct Amino Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Polyketide Sugars. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004; 44:1343-5. [PMID: 15624230 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Casas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Dias LC, de Sousa MA. Synthetic studies directed toward the total synthesis of dolabriferol. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chowdari NS, Ramachary D, Córdova A, Barbas CF. Proline-catalyzed asymmetric assembly reactions: enzyme-like assembly of carbohydrates and polyketides from three aldehyde substrates. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)02412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Weissman KJ, Kearney GC, Leadlay PF, Staunton J. Structural elucidation studies of polyketide tetrasubstituted delta-lactones by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and electrospray mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 1999; 13:2103-2108. [PMID: 10523767 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(19991115)13:21<2103::aid-rcm760>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of tetrasubstituted polyketide delta-lactones were used to evaluate whether gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) and electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) are useful techniques for probing the structure and stereochemistry of such highly functionalised molecules. Analyses were performed with two commercially available mass spectrometers: a Finnigan/MAT GCQ instrument (CI source) and a Q-TOF Hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight instrument (ESI source). The analyses revealed that a range of variation in the structure and stereochemistry of the lactones did not affect the fragmentation pathway common to these molecules. By accurate mass determination (ESI-MS), the first two fragmentations were assigned to losses of water. Although it was anticipated that the initial dehydration would include the hydroxyl group at the 3-position of the lactones, evidence from deuterium- and (18)O-labelling studies suggests that the losses of water instead involve the oxygen atoms in the ester bond. Attempts to identify further the structures of daughter ions by GC/MS/MS were complicated by extensive rearrangements and non-specific hydrogen/deuterium migrations within the lactones. Together, these results illustrate the limitations of mass spectrometry in the structural elucidation of complex molecules. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- KJ Weissman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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