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Lövyova Z, Parkan K, Kniežo L. Stereoselective preparation of four 3-C-mannosylated d- and l-glucals from a single starting compound. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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2
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Choumane M, Banchet A, Probst N, Gérard S, Plé K, Haudrechy A. The synthesis of d-C-mannopyranosides. CR CHIM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2010.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Hesek D, Lee M, Zhang W, Noll BC, Mobashery S. Total synthesis of N-acetylglucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramylpentapeptide and evaluation of its turnover by AmpD from Escherichia coli. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:5187-93. [PMID: 19309146 DOI: 10.1021/ja808498m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial cell wall is recycled extensively during the course of cell growth. The first recycling event involves the catalytic action of the lytic transglycosylase enzymes, which produce an uncommon 1,6-anhydropyranose moiety during separation of the muramyl residues from the peptidoglycan, the major constituent of the cell wall. This product, an N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine-(1-->4)-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-D-muramylpeptide, is either internalized to initiate the recycling process or diffuses into the milieu to cause stimulation of the pro-inflammatory responses by the host. We report the total syntheses of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine-(1-->4)-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-D-muramyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-meso-DAP-D-Ala-D-Ala (compound 1, the product of lytic transglycosylase action on the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine-(1-->4)-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-D-muramyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala (compound 2, from lytic transglycosylase action on the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria). The syntheses were accomplished in 15 linear steps. Compound 1 is shown to be a substrate of the AmpD enzyme of the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, an enzyme that removes the peptide from the disaccharide scaffold in the early cytoplasmic phase of cell wall turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Hesek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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Yin J, Sommermann T, Linker T. Convenient syntheses and transformations of 2-C-malonyl carbohydrates. Chemistry 2008; 13:10152-67. [PMID: 17955558 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
2-C-malonyl carbohydrates were synthesized in only few steps and high yields by radical additions of malonates to glycals. For the first time, the undesired formation of nitrates was completely suppressed with anhydrous cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) as oxidizing agent. A coherent explanation for the high stereoselectivities of the additions to gluco-configured glycals was provided by variation of the substituents in the 3-position. We established steric effects for the face selectivity, and electronic effects strongly influence the reactivity of the double bonds. The scope and limitation of transition-metal-mediated radical reactions in the synthesis of 2-C-branched carbohydrates was thoroughly investigated. Thus, unsaturated disaccharides and benzyl-protected glycals were used as substrates for the first time. Finally, the 2-C-malonyl carbohydrates were transformed into various products by decarboxylation, saponification and reduction, which afforded interesting precursors for C-disaccharides. In this paper we describe the syntheses of more than 40 new 2-C-analogues of carbohydrates, which were isolated in high yields in analytically pure form. Therefore, the transition-metal-mediated radical addition of malonates to glycals offers a simple and convenient entry to such important carbohydrate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Abstract
Only three steps are required for the selective synthesis of 2-C-branched glyco-acetic acids from glycals by radical addition and decarboxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam/Golm, Germany
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Ebran JP, Jensen CM, Johannesen SA, Karaffa J, Lindsay KB, Taaning R, Skrydstrup T. Creating carbon–carbon bonds with samarium diiodide for the synthesis of modified amino acids and peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:3553-64. [PMID: 16990928 DOI: 10.1039/b608028f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective, an overview of our experiences on the application of samarium diiodide in organic synthesis for the preparation of amino acid and peptide analogues is presented. Three different carbon-carbon bond forming reactions are discussed, including side chain introductions, gamma-amino acid synthesis and acyl-like radical additions for the construction of C-C mimics of the peptidic bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Ebran
- Center for Insoluble Proteins Structures, Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, University of Aarhus, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Oguri H, Oomura A, Tanabe S, Hirama M. Design and synthesis of a trans-fused polycyclic ether skeleton as an α-helix mimetic scaffold. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Demange R, Awad L, Vogel P. Synthesis of C-linked analogues of β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-d-galactopyranosides and of β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-d-galactal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Mikkelsen LM, Skrydstrup T. Synthesis of the C-linked disaccharide alpha-D-Man-(1-->4)-D-Man employing a SmI(2)-mediated C-glycosylation step: en route to cyclic C-oligosaccharides. J Org Chem 2003; 68:2123-8. [PMID: 12636370 DOI: 10.1021/jo020585a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Investigations are reported on the assembly of the C-linked disaccharide alpha-D-Man-(1-->4)-D-Man, representing the first steps in our projected synthesis of a cyclic C-oligomer containing repeating units of this C-dimer. The key step in this synthesis uses a SmI(2)-mediated coupling of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl 2'-pyridyl sulfone with a C4-formyl branched mannopyranoside unit, affording the C-disaccharide derivative with complete stereocontrol at the two new stereogenic centers. Subsequently, a modified tin hydride based deoxygenation produced the target carbohydrate analogue. The synthesis of the C4-formyl monosaccharide makes use of a stereoselective radical-based allylation followed by double bond migration and ozonolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Munch Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Mikkelsen LM, Hernáiz MJ, Martín-Pastor M, Skrydstrup T, Jiménez-Barbero J. Conformation of glycomimetics in the free and protein-bound state: structural and binding features of the C-glycosyl analogue of the core trisaccharide alpha-D-Man-(1 --> 3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1 --> 6)]-D-Man. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:14940-51. [PMID: 12475336 DOI: 10.1021/ja020468x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The conformational properties of the C-glycosyl analogue of the core trisaccharide alpha-D-Man-(1 --> 3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1 --> 6)]-D-Man in solution have been carefully analyzed by a combination of NMR spectroscopy and time-averaged restrained molecular dynamics. It has been found that both the alpha-1,3- and the alpha-1,6-glycosidic linkages show a major conformational averaging. Unusual Phi ca. 60 degrees orientations for both Phi torsion angles are found. Moreover, a major conformational distinction between the natural compound and the glycomimetic affects to the behavior of the omega(16) torsion angle around the alpha-1 --> 6-linkage. Despite this increased flexibility, the C-glycosyl analogue is recognized by three mannose binding lectins, as shown by NMR (line broadening, TR-NOE, and STD) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) methods. Moreover, a process of conformational selection takes place, so that these lectins probably bind the glycomimetic similarly to the way they recognize the natural analogue. Depending upon the architecture and extension of the binding site of the lectin, loss or gain of binding affinity with respect to the natural analogue is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Munch Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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11
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Mikkelsen LM, Krintel SL, Jiménez-Barbero J, Skrydstrup T. Application of the anomeric samarium route for the convergent synthesis of the C-linked trisaccharide alpha-D-Man-(1-->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1-->6)]-D-Man and the disaccharides alpha-D-Man-(1-->3)-D-Man and alpha-D-Man-(1-->6)-D-Man. J Org Chem 2002; 67:6297-308. [PMID: 12201747 DOI: 10.1021/jo020339z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies are reported on the assembly of the branched C-trisaccharide, alpha-D-Man-(1-->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1-->6)]-D-Man, representing the core region of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. The key step in this synthesis uses a SmI(2)-mediated coupling of two mannosylpyridyl sulfones to a C3,C6-diformyl branched monosaccharide unit, thereby assembling all three sugar units in one reaction and with complete stereocontrol at the two anomeric carbon centers. Subsequent tin hydride-based deoxygenation followed by a deprotection step produces the target C-trimer. In contrast to many of the other C-glycosylation methods, this approach employes intact carbohydrate units as C-glycosyl donors and acceptors, which in many instances parallels the well-studied O-glycosylation reactions. The synthesis of the C-disaccharides alpha-D-Man-(1-->3)-D-Man and alpha-D-Man-(1-->6)-D-Man is also described, they being necessary for the following conformational studies of all three carbohydrate analogues both in solution and bound to several mannose-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Munch Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Affiliation(s)
- L Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, POB 20, Hungary.
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Ricci M, Peter Blakskjær, and, Skrydstrup T. Selective Side Chain Introduction onto Small Peptides Mediated by Samarium Diiodide: A Potential Route to Peptide Libraries. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja0024800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ricci
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Blakskjær, and
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Miquel N, Doisneau G, Beau JM. Reductive Samariation of Anomeric 2-Pyridyl Sulfones with Catalytic Nickel: An Unexpected Improvement in the Synthesis of 1,2-trans-Diequatorial C-Glycosyl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:4111-4114. [PMID: 11093223 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20001117)39:22<4111::aid-anie4111>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Miquel
- Université Paris-Sud Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules UMR CNRS 8614, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire 91405 Orsay Cedex (France)
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Miquel N, Doisneau G, Beau JM. Reductive Samariation of Anomeric 2-Pyridyl Sulfones with Catalytic Nickel: An Unexpected Improvement in the Synthesis of 1,2-trans-Diequatorial C-Glycosyl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20001117)112:22<4277::aid-ange4277>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Freedman D, Kornienko A, Emge TJ, Brennan JG. Divalent samarium compounds with heavier chalcogenolate (EPh; E = Se, Te) ligands. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:2168-71. [PMID: 12526530 DOI: 10.1021/ic9913278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline coordination complexes of Sm(EPh)2 (E = Se, Te) are described. The selenolate compound Sm(SePh)2 is unstable in solution, but a divalent selenolate can be prepared and isolated when precisely 1 equiv of Zn(SePh)2 is present to form heterometallic [(THF)3Sm(mu 2-SePh)3Zn(mu 2-SePh)]n (1). This compound is a 1D coordination polymer with alternating Sm(II) and Zn(II) ions connected by an alternating (1,3) number of bridging selenolate ligands and three THF ligands bound to each Sm(II) ion. The tellurolate Sm(TePh)2 forms a stable pyridine coordination compound (py)5Sm(TePh)2 (2) that is isostructural with known Eu and Yb benzenetellurolates. Both compounds were characterized by conventional spectroscopic methods. Polymer 1 was characterized by low-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and the unit cell of the tellurolate was determined. Crystal data (Mo K alpha, 153(5) (K) are as follows. 1: monoclinic space group P21, a = 10.666(2) A, b = 16.270(3) A, c = 12.002(3) A, beta = 114.81(2) degrees, Z = 2.2: orthorhombic space group Pbca, with a = 13.865(3) A, b = 16.453(5) A, c = 31.952(7) A, Z = 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Freedman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, USA
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