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Zhang X, Wang C, Ge Y, Meng Q, Zhang Y. Constitutive secretory expression and characterization of nitrilase from Alcaligenes faecalis in Pichia pastoris for production of R-mandelic acid. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:587-595. [PMID: 33650215 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nitrilases can directly hydrolyze nitrile compounds into carboxylic acids and ammonium. To solve the current problems of bioconversions using nitrilases, including the difficult separation of products from the resting cells used as the catalyst and high costs of chemical inducers, a nitrilase from Alcaligenes faecalis was heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris X33. The stable nitrilase-expressing strain No.39-6-4 was obtained after three rounds of screening based on a combined detection method including dot-blot, SDS-PAGE, and western blot analyses, which confirmed the presence of recombinant nitrilase with a molecular mass of about 50 kDa. The temperature and pH optima of the nitrilase were 45°C and pH 7.5, respectively. Cu2+ , Zn2+ , and Tween 80 strongly inhibited the enzyme activity, but the optical purity of the product R-mandelic acid (R-MA) was stable, with practically 100% enantiomeric excess (ee). The nitrilase-producing P. pastoris strain developed in this study provides a basis for further research on the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Zhang
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuyan Wang
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Ge
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingnan Meng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, China
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Oulion B, Dobson JS, Zdenek CN, Arbuckle K, Lister C, Coimbra FCP, Op den Brouw B, Debono J, Rogalski A, Violette A, Fourmy R, Frank N, Fry BG. Factor X activating Atractaspis snake venoms and the relative coagulotoxicity neutralising efficacy of African antivenoms. Toxicol Lett 2018; 288:119-128. [PMID: 29462691 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atractaspis snake species are enigmatic in their natural history, and venom effects are correspondingly poorly described. Clinical reports are scarce but bites have been described as causing severe hypertension, profound local tissue damage leading to amputation, and deaths are on record. Clinical descriptions have largely concentrated upon tissue effects, and research efforts have focused upon the blood-pressure affecting sarafotoxins. However, coagulation disturbances suggestive of procoagulant functions have been reported in some clinical cases, yet this aspect has been uninvestigated. We used a suite of assays to investigate the coagulotoxic effects of venoms from six different Atractaspis specimens from central Africa. The procoagulant function of factor X activation was revealed, as was the pseudo-procoagulant function of direct cleavage of fibrinogen into weak clots. The relative neutralization efficacy of South African Antivenom Producer's antivenoms on Atractaspis venoms was boomslang>>>polyvalent>saw-scaled viper. While the boomslang antivenom was the most effective on Atractaspis venoms, the ability to neutralize the most potent Atractaspis species in this study was up to 4-6 times less effective than boomslang antivenom neutralizes boomslang venom. Therefore, while these results suggest cross-reactivity of boomslang antivenom with the unexpectedly potent coagulotoxic effects of Atractaspis venoms, a considerable amount of this rare antivenom may be needed. This report thus reveals potent venom actions upon blood coagulation that may lead to severe clinical effects with limited management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Oulion
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - James S Dobson
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christina N Zdenek
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kevin Arbuckle
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Callum Lister
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Francisco C P Coimbra
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bianca Op den Brouw
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jordan Debono
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Aymeric Rogalski
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Aude Violette
- Alphabiotoxine Laboratory sprl, Barberie 15, 7911 Montroeul-au-bois, Belgium
| | - Rudy Fourmy
- Alphabiotoxine Laboratory sprl, Barberie 15, 7911 Montroeul-au-bois, Belgium
| | | | - Bryan G Fry
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Fry BG, Vidal N, van der Weerd L, Kochva E, Renjifo C. Evolution and diversification of the Toxicofera reptile venom system. J Proteomics 2009; 72:127-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Secretory expression of human ScFv against keratin in Pichia pastoris and its effects on cultured keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res 2008; 301:367-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-008-0908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Anangi R, Chen CY, Cheng CH, Chen YC, Chen CC, Chu YP, Chang CH, Jeng WY, Shiu JH, Chuang WJ. EXPRESSION OF SNAKE VENOM TOXINS INPICHIA PASTORIS. TOXIN REV 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/15569540701209815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jiang T, Chen L, Jia S, Chen L, Ma Y. High-level expression and production of human lactoferrin in Pichia pastoris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1051/dst:2007019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Breno MC, Prezoto BC, Borgheresi RAMB, Lazari MFM, Yamanouye N. Characteristics of neural and humoral systems involved in the regulation of blood pressure in snakes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007; 147:766-778. [PMID: 17046304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Revised: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular function is affected by many mechanisms, including the autonomic system, the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS), the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the endothelin system. The function of these systems seems to be fairly well preserved throughout the vertebrate scale, but evolution required several adaptations. Snakes are particularly interesting for studies related to the cardiovascular function because of their elongated shape, their wide variation in size and length, and because they had to adapt to extremely different habitats and gravitational influences. To keep the normal cardiovascular control the snakes developed anatomical and functional adaptations and interesting structural peculiarities are found in their autonomic, KKS, RAS and endothelin systems. Our laboratory has characterized some biochemical, pharmacological and physiological properties of these systems in South American snakes. This review compares the components and function of these systems in snakes and other vertebrates, and focuses on differences found in snakes, related with receptor or ligand structure and/or function in autonomic system, RAS and KKS, absence of components in KKS and the intriguing identity between a venom and a plasma component in the endothelin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Breno
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Benedito Carlos Prezoto
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosa A M B Borgheresi
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Fátima M Lazari
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Setor Endocrinologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua 3 de maio,100, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Norma Yamanouye
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Hayashi MAF, Ligny-Lemaire C, Wollberg Z, Wery M, Galat A, Ogawa T, Muller BH, Lamthanh H, Doljansky Y, Bdolah A, Stöcklin R, Ducancel F. Long-sarafotoxins: characterization of a new family of endothelin-like peptides. Peptides 2004; 25:1243-51. [PMID: 15350691 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2004.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2004] [Revised: 05/13/2004] [Accepted: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sarafotoxins (SRTXs) constitute a family of vasoactive peptides that were initially isolated from the venom of Atractaspis engaddensis, and that are structurally and functionally related to endothelins (ETs). Analysis of the venom of Atractaspis microlepidota microlepidota revealed several new SRTX molecules manifesting some new structural and functional characteristics. These novel SRTXs are longer by three amino acids than the previously described SRTXs, and are designated here "long-SRTXs". Six isoforms, derived from new poly-cistronic precursors, have been identified so far in the venom of this snake. One of these isoforms, designated SRTX-m, was chemically synthesized and its biological properties were studied. Our results show that SRTX-m induces toxicity in mice, mostly due to vasoconstriction, and also that it has a lower toxicity and potency than the more potent SRTX described up to now: sarafotoxin-b (SRTX-b) from A. engaddensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian A F Hayashi
- Biochemical and Biophysical Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, SP 05503-900 Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Chen T, Bjourson AJ, Orr DF, Kwok H, Rao P, Ivanyi C, Shaw C. Unmasking venom gland transcriptomes in reptile venoms. Anal Biochem 2002; 311:152-6. [PMID: 12470674 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(02)00404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While structural studies of reptile venom toxins can be achieved using lyophilized venom samples, until now the cloning of precursor cDNAs required sacrifice of the specimen for dissection of the venom glands. Here we describe a simple and rapid technique that unmasks venom protein mRNAs present in lyophilized venom samples. To illustrate the technique we have RT-PCR-amplified a range of venom protein transcripts from cDNA libraries derived from the venoms of a hemotoxic snake, the Chinese copperhead (Deinagkistrodon acutus), a neurotoxic snake, the black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis), and a venomous lizard, the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum). These include a metalloproteinase and phospholipase A2 from D. acutus, a potassium channel blocker, dendrotoxin K, from D. polylepis, and exendin-4 from H. suspectum. These findings imply that the apparent absence and/or lability of mRNA in complex biological matrices is not always real and paves the way for accelerated acquisition of molecular genetic data on venom toxins for scientific and potential therapeutic purposes without sacrifice of endangered herpetofauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Chen
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Ireland
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Ducancel
- Département d'Ingénierie et d'Etudes des Protéines, Bt 152, CE de Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.
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