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Martins RD, Jorge RJB, Alves RDS, Silva Neto AGD, Barbosa PSF, Costa Martins AM, Toyama MH, Monteiro HSA. Renal effects of Bunodosoma caissarum crude extract: Prostaglandin and endothelin involvement. Toxicon 2017; 138:78-81. [PMID: 28837825 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sea anemones contain a variety of interesting biologically active compounds, including some potent toxins. PLA2 from Bunodosoma caissarum, a sea anemone endemic in the Brazilian southern coast, has shown renal alterations on isolated kidney. The aim of this study was to evaluate the renal and vascular effects of B. caissarum crude extract (BcE) on isolated perfused kidney and arteriolar mesenteric bed, as well the involvement of prostaglandins and endothelin. BcE did not show any effect on arteriolar mesenteric bed, but increased perfusion pressure, renal vascular resistance, urinary flow, glomerular filtration rate and decreased the percentage of sodium tubular transport on isolated perfused kidney. Indomethacin blocked the renal effects induced by BcE and tezosentan only partially blocked these effects. These results demonstrate the effects of BcE on kidney in situ, suggesting the involvement of prostaglandins and endothelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Duarte Martins
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Renata de Sousa Alves
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Antônio Gomes da Silva Neto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Clinical Research Unit, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos H Toyama
- São Vicente Unit, Campus of Litoral Paulista, Paulista State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Serra Azul Monteiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Clinical Research Unit, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Memar B, Jamili S, Shahbazzadeh D, Pooshang Bagheri K. Description of histopathological changes induced by the venom of the Persian Gulf Lionfish (Pterois russelli) in a mouse model of multiorgan toxicity. Toxicon 2016; 122:94-102. [PMID: 27597385 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pterois russelli is a venomous fish belongs to Scorpaenidae family. Envenomation by the Persian Gulf lionfish is associated with local pain, marked inflammation and local heat. The present study was aimed to document the histopathological changes in liver, heart, lung, kidney and alterations in release of critical enzymes such as LDH, CK. AST, ALT and ALP induced by the administration of various doses of P. russelli venom in a mouse model. LD50 of venom was determined by intravenous injection in Balb/c mice. Histopathological alterations of lung, liver, heart and kidney following injection of one LD50, 1/2 and 1/3 LD50 doses of the venom were evaluated. Simultaneously, release of LDH, CK, AST, ALT and ALP were measured in serum following administration of 1/2 and1/3 LD50 doses of the venom too. LD50 was calculated as 10.5 mg/kg. The level of all enzymes were increased after 3 h and significantly raised after 24 h and rapidly reduced after 48 h. Histological studies showed that one LD50 and 1/2 LD50 doses of the venom induced significant histological alterations in the lungs, liver, heart and kidneys including congestion, hemorrhage, necrosis, apoptosis, edema, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. The results indicate that the venom of P. russelli has nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, cardiotoxic and pneumotoxic effects in mouse model. Among four examined vital organs, the highest critical events were seen in liver. The findings are useful to give new insight in the fish's venom studies. Gathering the data resulted from this study together will be directed us toward a good aspect concerning the toxicity of potential therapeutic molecules in the venom of lionfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Memar
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technologies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahla Jamili
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technologies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Delavar Shahbazzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Medical Biotechnology Dept., Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kamran Pooshang Bagheri
- Biotechnology Research Center, Medical Biotechnology Dept., Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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SILVA NATHALIAA, ALBUQUERQUE CLEIDEM, MARINHO ALINED, JORGE ROBERTAJ, SILVA NETO ANTONIOG, MONTEIRO HELENAS, SILVA TÚLIOD, SILVA MÁRCIAV, CORREIA MARIATEREZAS, PEREIRA TICIANAP, MARTINS ALICEM, MENEZES DALGIMARB, XIMENES RAFAELM, MARTINS RENÉD. Effects of Tityus stigmurus (Thorell 1876) (Scorpiones: Buthidae) venom in isolated perfused rat kidneys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 88 Suppl 1:665-75. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201620150253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Scorpions belonging to the Tityus genus are of medical interest in Brazil. Among them, Tityus stigmurus is the main scorpion responsible for stings in the Northeast region. After a sting, the scorpion venom distributes rapidly to the organs, reaching the kidneys quickly. However, there are few studies concerning the renal pathophysiology of scorpion poisoning. In this study, we evaluated the effects of T. stigmurus venom (TsV) on renal parameters in isolated rat kidneys. Wistar rats (n = 6), weighing 250-300 g, were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 6 g/100 mL bovine serum albumin. TsV at 0.3 and 1.0 μg/mL was tested, and the effects on perfusion pressure (PP), renal vascular resistance (RVR), urinary flow (UF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and electrolyte excretion were analyzed. Effects were observed only at TsV concentration of 1.0 μg/mL, which increased PP (controlPP40' = 92.7 ± 1.95; TsVPP40' = 182.0 ± 4.70* mmHg, *p < 0.05), RVR (controlRVR40' = 3.28 ± 0.23 mmHg; TstRVR40' = 6.76 ± 0.45* mmHg, *p < 0.05), UF (controlUF50' = 0.16 ± 0.04; TstUF50' = 0.60 ± 0.10* mL/g/min,*p < 0.05), GFR and electrolyte excretion, with histological changes that indicate renal tubular injury. In conclusion, T. stigmurus venom induces a transient increase in PP with tubular injury, both of which lead to an augmented electrolyte excretion.
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Thalassophryne nattereri fish venom: from the envenoming to the understanding of the immune system. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2014; 20:35. [PMID: 25140174 PMCID: PMC4137268 DOI: 10.1186/1678-9199-20-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thalassophryne nattereri (niquim) is a venomous fish found off North and Northeast coast of Brazil, where it is known by the severity of the accidents involving humans. This review article is divided into four topics. The first one provides a brief description of the animal biology and its distribution off Brazilian coastal waters, the venom apparatus, signs and symptoms observed in envenomated humans and also describes envenomation in mice. The second topic describes the use of modern genetic approach and mass spectrometry for identification of highly expressed genes in its venom glands and the sequence of major toxins. The third chapter offers a detailed study of tissue injury induced by the venom and reveals the role of toxins that impair inflammation reduction. Finally, the fourth section expands the understanding of many extrinsic and intrinsic essential factors in maintaining survival of memory B cell compartment. Our results demonstrate the wide possibilities for research in the area of toxinology, also the necessity of interconnection among biochemistry, pharmacology and immunology areas for the expansion of knowledge and for generation of innovation.
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Ferreira MJ, Lima C, Lopes-Ferreira M. Anti-inflammatory effect of Natterins, the major toxins from the Thalassophryne nattereri fish venom is dependent on TLR4/MyD88/PI3K signaling pathway. Toxicon 2014; 87:54-67. [PMID: 24882373 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Here we evaluated whether Natterins affect the leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction, hampering leukocyte mobilization and extravasation. Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions were evaluated in venules of mouse cremaster muscle using intravital microscopy. We reported that low doses of Natterins interfere with the cell capturing, inhibiting the interaction of blood neutrophils with the post-capillary venules induced by the TLR4 agonist LPS, or the chemokine KC. Using endotoxemic mice challenged with LPS, we confirmed that Natterins reduce neutrophil accumulation in the peritoneum exudates. The rolling of leukocytes induced by KC or LPS was not impaired in Natterins-treated TLR2, MyD88 deficient or TLR4 mutant mice, indicating that TLR2- or TLR4-MyD88-mediated signals are required for the anti-inflammatory effect of Natterins. The inhibitory effect was not influenced by endogenous regulators of inflammation such as IL-10, corticosteroids, the HO-1 or the antagonist of the receptor of IL-1, nor by the disruption of their proteolytic activity. However, it was completely dependent on the activation of serine/threonine phosphatases and the PI3K signaling pathway, but independent on increased proteasome activity. This work started asking how the main toxins in the T nattereri venom contributes for the deficient influx of inflammatory leukocytes, which consequently drive to the delayed inflammatory reaction finalization in injured tissue; and finished demonstrating that Natterins can control the leukocyte-endothelial wall interactions in a mechanism dependent on negative signals derived from TLR2-TLR4/Myd88 signaling cascade. Interestingly, we confirmed that the antagonist effect of Natterins is mediated by the activation of serine/threonine phosphatases and by the key signaling PI3K molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Jose Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit, Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, Butantan 05503-009, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Lima
- Immunoregulation Unit, Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, Butantan 05503-009, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Lopes-Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit, Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, Butantan 05503-009, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Sivan G, Radhakrishnan CK. Renal Lysosomal Functions on Exposure to Scatophagus argus Venom in Experimental Mice. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 17:519-26. [PMID: 20020878 DOI: 10.1080/15376510701380620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Scatophagus argus venom was extracted by homogenization and centrifugation. The lysosome-enriched fraction of mice kidney was isolated by differential centrifugation. To study the effect of S. argus venom on lysosomal membrane stability, acid phosphatase and cathepsin D, the two marker enzymes for lysosome, were assayed. In the renal lysosomal enriched fraction incubated with different concentrations of venom and at various time intervals, in vivo and in vitro studies were done. Studies reveal that with increasing concentration of venom and time, the activity of the enzymes increased, which showed that the membrane integrities decreased for both in vitro and in vivo studies. The activity of the enzymes acid phosphatase and cathepsin D showed a dose-dependent relationship with S. argus venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisha Sivan
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India
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Xue Z, Liu X, Pang Y, Yu T, Xiao R, Jin M, Han Y, Su P, Wang J, Lv L, Wu F, Li Q. Characterization, phylogenetic analysis and cDNA cloning of natterin-like gene from the blood of lamprey, Lampetra japonica. Immunol Lett 2012; 148:1-10. [PMID: 22914553 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lamprey as a "living fossil" of immunological origin and "rich treasure" of biological pharmaceutical development has caused attention of scholars. The cDNA library construction and EST sequencing of blood had been done previously in our lab, and bioinformatics analysis provided a gene fragment which is highly homologous with natterin family, named natterin-like. To elucidate the characterization and phylogeny of natterin-like genes in early evolution, we cloned the full-length cDNA of natterin-like gene from the blood of Lampetra japonica. The open reading frame of this sequence contained 942bp and encoded 313 amino acids, including a lectin-like domain and a pore-forming toxin-like domain. Using reverse transcription PCR, natterin-like mRNA was also detected in lamprey blood, kidney, heart, liver, medullary, gonad, but absent in lamprey intestine and gill. Our results suggested that in lampreys and most of other species, there might be only one natterin-like gene, which was fused by certain sequences during evolution and encoded proteins with more functions. It is similar between C terminal of natterin-like protein and Aerolysin in space structure and the lectin-like domain of natterin-like equivalent to glycoprotein binding motif of Aerolysin in function. We also propose that the defense mechanism against specific predators in historical evolution of lamprey. Our findings may provide insights into the function and characterization of natterin-like genes as well as other gene families in vertebrates and provide a foundation for identification and structural, functional, and evolutionary analyses of more natterin-like genes and other gene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Xue
- Institute of Marine Genomics & Proteomics, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
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Komegae EN, Ramos AD, Oliveira AK, Serrano SMDT, Lopes-Ferreira M, Lima C. Insights into the local pathogenesis induced by fish toxins: role of natterins and nattectin in the disruption of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions and modulation of cell migration. Toxicon 2011; 58:509-17. [PMID: 21896281 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Combined proteomic and transcriptomic approaches to study the composition of the venom of Thalassophryne nattereri venomous fish revealed the primary structures of the major toxins as a family of proteases natterins, never described on venoms and a C-type lectin nattectin. To gain new insights into the mechanisms of venom pathogenesis and to further elucidate the role of its major toxins, the natterins and nattectin, we undertook in vitro investigations using these isolated toxins. Here we demonstrated the specific ability of the nattectin to bind types I and V collagen and natterins to bind and cleave type I collagen as well as type IV collagen, disrupting cell attachment and HeLa cells survival. Natterins have cytotoxic effect on both adherent cells or at in suspension, showing direct induction of necrosis that is followed by cell detachment. Nattectin improves integrin-mediated HeLa cell adhesion and resistance to apoptosis by its binding to RGD-dependent integrins, especially the β1 subunit. Based on our studies we now report that extracellular matrix (ECM) components as well as the integrin β1 subunit are targets for the natterins and nattectin. The ECM degradation or remodeling activities exerted by these toxins affect cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion and survival and impair inflammatory cell migration into inflamed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evilin Naname Komegae
- Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, CEPID/FAPESP, Butantan Institute, Av Vital Brazil, 1500 Butantan, 05503 900 Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Lopes-Ferreira M, Magalhães GS, Fernandez JH, Junqueira-de-Azevedo IDLM, Le Ho P, Lima C, Valente RH, Moura-da-Silva AM. Structural and biological characterization of Nattectin, a new C-type lectin from the venomous fish Thalassophryne nattereri. Biochimie 2011; 93:971-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Facó PE, Bezerra GP, Barbosa PSF, Martins AMC, Guimarães JA, Ferreira ML, Monteiro HSA. Epidemiologia dos acidentes por Thalassophryne nattereri (niquim) no Estado do Ceará (1992-2002). Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2005; 38:479-82. [PMID: 16410922 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822005000600006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
No Estado do Ceará (1992 a 2002), 16 casos de envenenamento com o Thalassophyne nattereri ocorreram no litoral, a maioria (87,5%) em praias de Fortaleza e 12,5% do interior. Noventa e quatro por cento eram do sexo masculino e 6% feminino. Com relação à idade, 75% estavam na faixa etária de 21 a 40 anos, 19% entre 41 e 60 anos e 6% entre 1 a 10 anos. O tempo de exposição foi de 1 a 5 horas (4), 6 a 12 (3), mais de 12 horas (4), 5 pacientes não informaram o tempo decorrido entre o acidente e o atendimento. Manifestações clínicas observadas foram dor, edema local, isquemia transitória, parestesia, equimose e sensação de queimação local. O tratamento consistiu de antiinflamatórios e analgésicos. Em alguns casos, foram usados anestésicos, água morna, debridamento cirúrgico e anti-histamínicos. Em 75% dos casos, observou-se cura confirmada e em 12% a cura não foi confirmada, em dois a evolução foi ignorada. Provavelmente, o número de acidentes ocorridos é maior do que o encontrado devido a subnotificação.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Emília Facó
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Sosa-Rosales JI, D'Suze G, Salazar V, Fox J, Sevcik C. Purification of a myotoxin from the toadfish Thalassophryne maculosa (Günter) venom. Toxicon 2005; 45:147-53. [PMID: 15626363 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2004] [Revised: 09/28/2004] [Accepted: 10/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Venom was milked by gently pressing the base of the opercular and dorsal fin spines. Three fractions were obtained by molecular exclusion high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Protein Pak 125SW, Millipore Corporation) column, but only the last one with 22.7 min retention time (rt) was biological active (TmPP-22.7). This fraction was rechromatographed on reversed phase HPLC chlorobutylsilane columns (C4, Vydac) nine fractions were obtained, but only one (TmC4-47.2) with 47.2 min rt was biologically active. MALD-TOF mass analysis was carried out on two samples of TmC-47.2 and the results were 15,161.36 and 15,154.70 a.m.u., respectively. Raw venom (1040 microg/ml) depolarised frog (Hyla crepitans) muscle irreversibly from -85 (-88, -81) mV (n=20, median and its 95% CI) to -18 (-24, -15) mV (n=24). The biological activity in TmPP-22.7 (38 microg/ml), which depolarised muscle fibres from -79 (-82, -76) mV (n=20) to -63 (-69 -57) mV (n=24). The depolarising fraction was TmC4-47.2 (50 microg/ml) which depolarised muscles from -87 (91, -82) mV (n=33) to -63 (-76 -51) mV (n=53); the depolarising effect at this concentration was completely reversed on washing with normal saline for 2 h. Muscles treated with 1 microM tetrodotoxin (TTX) were depolarised from -80 (-85, -72) mV (n=49) to -44 (-56, -31) mV (n=44) when 100 microg/ml TmC4-47.2 were applied with TTX; washing 130 min with 1 microM TTX repolarised to -59 (-69, -50) mV (n=25). We also present evidence that TmC4-47.2 induces myonecrosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Sosa-Rosales
- Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo Nueva Esparta, Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar, Boca de Río, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela
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