1
|
Wang D, Tediashvili G, Kim D, Hu X, Luikart H, Renne T, Tian A, Nadeau KC, Velden J, Schrepfer S, Khush KK. Leukotriene B4: A potential mediator and biomarker for cardiac allograft vasculopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2024; 43:1336-1347. [PMID: 38670297 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) remains the leading cause of long-term graft failure and mortality after heart transplantation. Effective preventive and treatment options are not available to date, largely because underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We studied the potential role of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), an inflammatory lipid mediator, in the development of CAV. METHODS We used an established preclinical rat CAV model to study the role of LTB4 in CAV. We performed syngeneic and allogeneic orthotopic aortic transplantation, after which neointimal proliferation was quantified. Animals were then treated with Bestatin, an inhibitor of LTB4 synthesis, or vehicle control for 30 days post-transplant, and evidence of graft CAV was determined by histology. We also measured serial LTB4 levels in a cohort of 28 human heart transplant recipients with CAV, 17 matched transplant controls without CAV, and 20 healthy nontransplant controls. RESULTS We showed that infiltration of the arterial wall with macrophages leads to neointimal thickening and a rise in serum LTB4 levels in our rat model of CAV. Inhibition of LTB4 production with the drug Bestatin prevents development of neointimal hyperplasia, suggesting that Bestatin may be effective therapy for CAV prevention. In a parallel study of heart transplant recipients, we found nonsignificantly elevated plasma LTB4 levels in patients with CAV, compared to patients without CAV and healthy, nontransplant controls. CONCLUSIONS This study provides key evidence supporting the role of the inflammatory cytokine LTB4 as an important mediator of CAV development and provides preliminary data suggesting the clinical benefit of Bestatin for CAV prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology (TSI) Lab, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Grigol Tediashvili
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology (TSI) Lab, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Xiaomeng Hu
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology (TSI) Lab, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Helen Luikart
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Thomas Renne
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Amy Tian
- Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Stanford University and Palo Alto Veteran Institute of Research (PAVIR), Stanford, California
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sonja Schrepfer
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology (TSI) Lab, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kiran K Khush
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kuramoto M, Sakata Y, Terai K, Kawasaki I, Kunitomo JI, Ohishi T, Yokomizo T, Takeda S, Tanaka S, Ohishi Y. Preparation of leukotriene B4 inhibitory active 2- and 3-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)benzo[b]furan derivatives and their growth inhibitory activity on human pancreatic cancer cells. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:2772-81. [DOI: 10.1039/b803313g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
3
|
Sakata Y, Kuramoto M, Ando K, Yamaguchi M, Kawasaki I, Kunitomo JI, Yokomizo T, Ohishi Y. Preparation of 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-5-methoxybenzo[b]furan derivatives and their leukotriene B4 inhibitory activity. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:3083-6. [PMID: 17878965 DOI: 10.1039/b711391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)benzo[b]furan derivatives 6-10 were prepared and their leukotriene B(4) inhibitory activity was evaluated. We found that several compounds showed strong inhibition of calcium mobilization in CHO cells overexpressing human BLT(1) and BLT(2) receptors. Among them, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[5-formyl-2-[(dimethylamino)methyleneamino]thiazol-4-yl]-5-methoxybenzo[b]furan 9b showed the most potent and selective inhibition for the human BLT(2) receptor, and its IC(50) value was smaller than that of the selected positive control compound, ZK-158252.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Sakata
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ando K. Synthesis of 2-, 4- and 5-(2-Alkylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl)-7-alkyloxybenzo[ b]furans and their Leukotriene B 4 Receptor Antagonistic Activity. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2005; 125:863-74. [PMID: 16272807 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.125.863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Variable 7-carboxylpropoxy or (1-phenyl)ethoxybenzo[b]furan derivatives with (E)- and (Z)-2-alkylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl groups at the 2-, 4-, and 5-positions were prepared to find novel and selective leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) receptor antagonists. (E)-2-(2-Diethylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl)-7-(1-phenylethoxy)benzo[b]furan (4v) showed selective inhibition of the human BLT(2) receptor (hBLT(2)). On the other hand, (E)-2-acetyl-4-(2-diethylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl)-7-(1-phenylethoxy)benzo[b]furan (7c) inhibited both human BLT(1) receptor (hBLT(1)) and hBLT(2). The (E)-2-(2-diethylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl) group lay on approximately the same plane as the benzo[b]furan ring, whereas the (E)-4-(2-diethylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl) group had a torsion angle (45.7 degrees ) from the benzo[b]furan ring plane. However, the (Z)-(2-alkylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl)benzo[b]furans were inactive. The inhibitory activity depended on the conformation of the 2-alkylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Ando
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ando K, Tsuji E, Ando Y, Kunitomo JI, Kobayashi R, Yokomizo T, Shimizu T, Yamashita M, Ohta S, Nabe T, Kohno S, Ohishi Y. Synthesis of 2-, 4- and 5-(2-alkylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl)-7-alkyloxybenzo[b]furans and their leukotriene B4 receptor antagonistic activity. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:2129-39. [PMID: 15917901 DOI: 10.1039/b503615a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Variable benzo[b]furan derivatives having (E)- and (Z)-2-alkylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl groups at the 2-, 4- and 5-positions and a carboxylpropoxy or (1-phenyl)ethoxy group at the 7-position were prepared to find novel and selective leukotriene B4(LTB4) receptor antagonists. (E)-2-(2-diethylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl)-7-(1-phenylethoxy)benzo[b]furan (4v) showed selective inhibition to the human BLT2 receptor (hBLT2). On the other hand, (E)-2-acetyl-4-(2-diethylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl)-7-(1-phenylethoxy)benzo[b]furan (7v) inhibited both human BLT(1) receptor (hBLT1) and hBLT2. The (E)-2-(2-diethylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl) group lay on approximately the same plane as the benzo[b]furan ring, whereas the (E)-4-(2-diethylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl) group had the torsion angle (45.7 degree) from the benzo[b]furan ring plane. However, the (Z)-(2-alkylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl)benzo[b]furans were inactive. The inhibitory activity depended on the conformation of the 2-diethylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Ando
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) system, the rate-limiting step in the conversion of heme, is among the most critical of cytoprotective mechanisms activated during cellular stress. The cytoprotection may result from the elimination of heme and the function of HO-1 downstream mediators, that is, biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and free iron. HO-1 overexpression exerts beneficial effects in a number of transplantation models, including antigen-independent ischemia/reperfusion injury, acute and chronic allograft rejection, and xenotransplantation. The HO-1 system is thought to exert four major functions: (1) antioxidant function; (2) maintenance of microcirculation; (3) modulatory function upon the cell cycle; and (4) anti-inflammatory function. The antioxidant function depends on heme degradation, oxygen consumption, biliverdin, and production of ferritin via iron accumulation. The production of carbon monoxide, which has vasodilation and antiplatelet aggregation properties, maintains tissue microcirculation and may be instrumental in antiapoptotic and cell arrest mechanisms. Heme catabolism and HO-1 overexpression exert profound direct and indirect inhibitory effects on the cascade of host inflammatory responses mediated by neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes. These anti-inflammatory properties result in cytoprotection in a broad spectrum of graft injury experimental models, including ischemia/reperfusion, acute and chronic allograft, and xenotransplant rejection. Further, the multifaceted targets of HO-1-mediated cytoprotection may simultaneously benefit both local graft function and host systemic immune responses. Thus, the HO-1 system serves as a novel therapeutic concept in organ transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Katori
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|