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Goldschmidt I, Karch A, Mikolajczyk R, Mutschler F, Junge N, Pfister ED, Möhring T, d'Antiga L, McKiernan P, Kelly D, Debray D, McLin V, Pawlowska J, Hierro L, Daemen K, Keil J, Falk C, Baumann U. Immune monitoring after pediatric liver transplantation - the prospective ChilSFree cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18:63. [PMID: 29769027 PMCID: PMC5956961 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-018-0795-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although trough levels of immunosuppressive drugs are largely used to monitor immunosuppressive therapy after solid organ transplantation, there is still no established tool that allows for a validated assessment of functional degree of immunosuppression or the identification of clinically relevant over- or under-immunosuppression, depending on graft homeostasis. Reliable non-invasive markers to predict biopsy proven acute rejection (BPAR) do not exist. Literature data suggest that longitudinal measurements of immune markers might be predictive of BPAR, but data in children are scarce. We therefore propose an observational prospective cohort study focusing on immune monitoring in children after liver transplantation. We aim to describe immune function in a cohort of children before and during the first year after liver transplantation and plan to investigate how the immune function profile is associated with clinical and laboratory findings. Methods In an international multicenter prospective approach, children with end-stage liver disease who undergo liver transplantation are enrolled to the study and receive extensive immune monitoring before and at 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks and 3, 6, 12 months after transplantation, and whenever a clinically indicated liver biopsy is scheduled. Blood samples are analyzed for immune cell numbers and circulating levels of cytokines, chemokines and factors of angiogenesis reflecting immune cell activation. Statistical analysis will focus on the identification of trajectorial patterns of immune reactivity predictive for systemic non-inflammatory states, infectious complications or BPAR using joint modelling approaches. Discussion The ChilSFree study will help to understand the immune response after pLTx in different states of infection or rejection. It may provide insight into response mechanisms eventually facilitating immune tolerance towards the graft. Our analysis may yield an applicable immune panel for non-invasive early detection of acute cellular rejection, with the prospect of individually tailoring immunosuppressive therapy. The international collaborative set-up of this study allows for an appropriate sample size which is otherwise difficult to achieve in the field of pediatric liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imeke Goldschmidt
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatric Liver, Kidney and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Karch
- Epidemiological and Statistical Methods Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38127, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Epidemiological and Statistical Methods Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38127, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Frauke Mutschler
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatric Liver, Kidney and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Norman Junge
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatric Liver, Kidney and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva Doreen Pfister
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatric Liver, Kidney and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tamara Möhring
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatric Liver, Kidney and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Epidemiological and Statistical Methods Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38127, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lorenzo d'Antiga
- Paediatric Liver, GI and Transplantation, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Largo Barozzi 1, 24128, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Patrick McKiernan
- Liver Unit, Birmingham Childrens Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK.,Paediatric Hepatology Program, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, One Children's Hospital Way, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Deirdre Kelly
- Liver Unit, Birmingham Childrens Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - Dominique Debray
- Pédiatre Hépatologue, Service d'Hépatologie-Gastroentérologie-Nutrition, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Valérie McLin
- Hopitaux Universitaires de Geneve, Hopital des Enfants pt Pédiatrie, Serv. Spécialités Pédiatriques, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Pawlowska
- Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Loreto Hierro
- Servicio de Hepatologia y Transplante, Hospital Infantil Universitario La Paz Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kerstin Daemen
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Car-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana Keil
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Car-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Car-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Baumann
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatric Liver, Kidney and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Liver Unit, Birmingham Childrens Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
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Brozmanová H, Perinová I, Halvová P, Grundmann M. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of cyclosporine A and its three metabolites AM1, AM9 and AM4N in whole blood and isolated lymphocytes in renal transplant patients. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2287-93. [PMID: 20589784 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of cyclosporine A (CsA) and its three phase 1 metabolites AM1, AM9, and AM4N in whole blood and lymphocytes isolated on the Histopaque gradient. 200 microL of whole blood was precipitated with 10 mol/L zinc sulfate in acetonitrile/methanol (40:60, v/v) and lymphocytes isolated from 1.5 mL blood were extracted with acetonitrile/methanol (40:60, v/v). The analytes and internal standard cyclosporine D were separated on RP column BEH C18, 2.1 x 50 mm, 1.7 microm using gradient LC-MS/MS analysis in positive electrospray mode. Time of analysis was 5 min. Linearity in blood was 5-2000 microg/L for CsA, AM1, and AM9; 2-500 microg/L for AM4N; and 2-500 microg/L for all substances in lymphocytes. Coefficient of variations was 1.8-9.8% and recovery was 92.0-110.0%. The method was used in early and chronic renal transplant patients for therapeutic drug monitoring of CsA to compare either its share in lymphocytes as target organ or binding to one lymphocyte. The same parameters were calculated for all metabolites tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Brozmanová
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of University Hospital and Faculty of Health Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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