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Krishnan R, Truong N, Gerges M, Stiewig M, Neel N, Ho-Nguyen K, Kummerfeld C, Alexander M, Spizzo T, Martin M, Foster CE, Monuki ES, Lakey JRT. Impact of donor age and weaning status on pancreatic exocrine and endocrine tissue maturation in pigs. Xenotransplantation 2016; 22:356-67. [PMID: 26381493 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the process of islet isolation, pancreatic enzymes are activated and released, adversely affecting islet survival and function. We hypothesize that the exocrine component of pancreases harvested from pre-weaned juvenile pigs is immature and hence pancreatic tissue from these donors is protected from injury during isolation and prolonged tissue culture. METHODS Biopsy specimens taken from pancreases harvested from neonatal (5-10 days), pre-weaned juvenile (18-22 days), weaned juvenile (45-60 days), and young adult pigs (>90 days) were fixed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Sections were examined under a fluorescent microscope to evaluate exocrine zymogen fluorescence intensity (ZFI) and under an electron microscope to evaluate exocrine zymogen granule density (ZGD). RESULTS Exocrine content estimation showed significantly lower ZFI and ZGD in juvenile pig pancreases (1.5 ± 0.04 U/μm(2) , ZFI; 1.03 ± 0.07 × 10(3) /100 μm(2) , ZGD) compared to young adult pigs (2.4 ± 0.05U/μm(2) , ZFI; 1.53 ± 0.08 × 10(3) /100 μm(2) ZGD). Islets in juvenile pig pancreases were on average smaller (105.2 ± 11.2 μm) than islets in young adult pigs (192 ± 7.7 μm), but their insulin content was comparable (80.9 ± 2.2% juvenile; 84.2 ± 0.3% young adult, P > 0.05). All data expressed as mean ± SEM. CONCLUSION Porcine islet xenotransplantation continues to make strides toward utilization in clinical trials of type 1 diabetes. Porcine donor age and weaning status influence the extent of exocrine maturation of the pancreas. Juvenile porcine pancreases may represent an alternative donor source for islet xenotransplantation as their exocrine component is relatively immature; this preserves islet viability during extended tissue culture following isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Krishnan
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Nhat Truong
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Marina Gerges
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Miranda Stiewig
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Neel
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - KhueTu Ho-Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Tom Spizzo
- SpringPoint Project, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Clarence E Foster
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Edwin S Monuki
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan R T Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Wang LJ, Kin T, O’Gorman D, Shapiro AJ, Naziruddin B, Takita M, Levy MF, Posselt AM, Szot GL, Savari O, Barbaro B, McGarrigle J, Yeh CC, Oberholzer J, Lei J, Chen T, Lian M, Markmann JF, Alvarez A, Linetsky E, Ricordi C, Balamurugan AN, Loganathan G, Wilhelm JJ, Hering BJ, Bottino R, Trucco M, Liu C, Min Z, Li Y, Naji A, Fernandez LA, Ziemelis M, Danobeitia JS, Millis JM, Witkowski P. A Multicenter Study: North American Islet Donor Score in Donor Pancreas Selection for Human Islet Isolation for Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:1515-1523. [PMID: 26922947 PMCID: PMC5167495 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selection of an optimal donor pancreas is the first key task for successful islet isolation. We conducted a retrospective multicenter study in 11 centers in North America to develop an islet donor scoring system using donor variables. The data set consisting of 1,056 deceased donors was used for development of a scoring system to predict islet isolation success (defined as postpurification islet yield >400,000 islet equivalents). With the aid of univariate logistic regression analyses, we developed the North American Islet Donor Score (NAIDS) ranging from 0 to 100 points. The c index in the development cohort was 0.73 (95% confidence interval 0.70-0.76). The success rate increased proportionally as the NAIDS increased, from 6.8% success in the NAIDS < 50 points to 53.7% success in the NAIDS ≥ 80 points. We further validated the NAIDS using a separate set of data consisting of 179 islet isolations. A comparable outcome of the NAIDS was observed in the validation cohort. The NAIDS may be a useful tool for donor pancreas selection in clinical practice. Apart from its utility in clinical decision making, the NAIDS may also be used in a research setting as a standardized measurement of pancreas quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-jia Wang
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Tatsuya Kin
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Doug O’Gorman
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A.M. James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Andrew M. Posselt
- UCSF Transplantation Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, CA
| | - Gregory L. Szot
- UCSF Transplantation Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, CA
| | - Omid Savari
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Barbara Barbaro
- UIC Cell Isolation Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - James McGarrigle
- UIC Cell Isolation Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Chun Chieh Yeh
- UIC Cell Isolation Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jose Oberholzer
- UIC Cell Isolation Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ji Lei
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Tao Chen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Moh Lian
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - James F. Markmann
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Alejandro Alvarez
- Diabetes Research Institute, cGMP Cell Processing Facility, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Elina Linetsky
- Diabetes Research Institute, cGMP Cell Processing Facility, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, cGMP Cell Processing Facility, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - A. N. Balamurugan
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Joshua J. Wilhelm
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Rita Bottino
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Massimo Trucco
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Division of Transplantation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Zaw Min
- Division of Transplantation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yanjing Li
- Division of Transplantation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ali Naji
- Division of Transplantation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Luis A. Fernandez
- Division of Organ Transplantation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Martynas Ziemelis
- Division of Organ Transplantation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | | | - J. Michael Millis
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Piotr Witkowski
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Corresponding author: Piotr Witkowski, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation, 5841 S. Maryland Ave. MC5027, Room J-517, Chicago, IL 60637
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6
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Wallace K, Fairhall EA, Charlton KA, Wright MC. AR42J-B-13 cell: an expandable progenitor to generate an unlimited supply of functional hepatocytes. Toxicology 2010; 278:277-87. [PMID: 20685382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocytes are the preparation of choice for Toxicological research in vitro. However, despite the fact that hepatocytes proliferate in vivo during liver regeneration, they are resistant to proliferation in vitro, do not tolerate sub-culture and tend to enter a de-differentiation program that results in a loss of hepatic function. These limitations have resulted in the search for expandable rodent and human cells capable of being directed to differentiate into functional hepatocytes. Research with stem cells suggests that it may be possible to provide the research community with hepatocytes in vitro although to date, significant challenges remain, notably generating a sufficiently pure population of hepatocytes with a quantitative functionality comparable with hepatocytes. This paper reviews work with the AR42J-B-13 (B-13) cell line. The B-13 cell was cloned from the rodent AR42J pancreatic cell line, express genes associated with pancreatic acinar cells and readily proliferates in simple culture media. When exposed to glucocorticoid, 75-85% of the cells trans-differentiate into hepatocyte-like (B-13/H) cells functioning at a level quantitatively similar to freshly isolated rat hepatocytes (with the remaining cells retaining the B-13 phenotype). Trans-differentiation of pancreatic acinar cells also appears to occur in vivo in rats treated with glucocorticoid; in mice with elevated circulating glucocorticoid and in humans treated for long periods with glucocorticoid. The B-13 response to glucocorticoid therefore appears to be related to a real pathophysiological response of a pancreatic cell to glucocorticoid. An understanding of how this process occurs and if it can be generated or engineered in human cells would result in a cell line with the ability to generate an unlimited supply of functional human hepatocytes in a cost effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wallace
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Organ preservation aims at reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury and maintains or even improves its function, and, therefore, increases transplant safety and efficiency. With the chronic lack of organs for transplantation, marginal donors are more and more frequently used in Western countries. New challenges, therefore, have to be met in organ preservation. RECENT FINDINGS We summarize the effects of cold preservation on various organ grafts, with particular emphasis on the pancreas. We review the different preservation solutions currently available in the clinic, and we present the current knowledge and clinical experience in pancreas and islet transplantation. SUMMARY Overall, in whole pancreas and islet transplantation, current cold preservation solutions (University of Wisconsin solution, Celsior, histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate) seem to be equivalent, with only few studies showing better results with University of Wisconsin solution. Regarding preservation with the two-layer method, conflicting results have been reported, and proper prospective controlled studies have yet to be performed to gather evidence on its impact on islet yield and function. Some recent developments and future strategies in general organ preservation not yet applied to pancreas preservation are reviewed at the end of the article.
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Schraibman V, Goldenberg A, Koh IHJ, Gonzalez AM, Molinari A, de Morais EC, Artigiani R, Matos D. Evaluation of Sequential Perfusion With Euro-Collins and Belzer Solutions for Pancreas Preservation in Rats. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:2780-3. [PMID: 17112828 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.08.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Euro-Collins and Belzer solutions in a sequential preservation of the pancreas. METHODS Forty-five Wistar-EPM rats were divided into four groups, according to the solution used during preservation: (1) saline solution (SF): animals perfused and preserved with saline solution; (2) Euro-Collins group (C): animals perfused and preserved with Euro-Collins solution; (3) Belzer group (B): animals perfused and preserved with Belzer solution; (4) Euro-Collins/Belzer group (CB): animals perfused with equal parts of Euro-Collins and Belzer solutions sequentially and preserved with Belzer solution. After perfusion, the animals underwent pancreas resection and preservation with the respective substance at 4 degrees C. Amylase was measured in the preservation solution after 12, 24, 36, or 48 hours. Finally, the pancreas was analyzed histologically, and a statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS Groups SF and C showed the highest amylase levels in the preservation solution during all periods. The levels were higher than in groups C and CB (P = .05). Amylase levels were similar in groups B and CB to 24 hours (P = .05). Histological analysis was significant for analysis of pancreas islet cells and edema. Groups B and CB were histologically similar (P = .001) and different from groups SF and C. CONCLUSION Sequential perfusion using Euro-Collins and Belzer solutions was effective for pancreas preservation in rats up to 24 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Schraibman
- Gastric Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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