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Nargis T, Chakrabarti P. Significance of circulatory DPP4 activity in metabolic diseases. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:112-119. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Titli Nargis
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology; Kolkata India
| | - Partha Chakrabarti
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology; Kolkata India
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Wang Z, Grigo C, Steinbeck J, von Hörsten S, Amann K, Daniel C. Soluble DPP4 originates in part from bone marrow cells and not from the kidney. Peptides 2014; 57:109-17. [PMID: 24874705 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is known to inactivate incretins as well as important chemokines and neuropeptides. DPP4 is expressed as a transmembrane protein but also occurs as a soluble enzyme circulating in the blood. However, the origin of the soluble DPP4 (sDPP4) is still unknown. In this study, DPP4 activity was quantified in plasma and extracted from different rat organs. Then, in order to see if the kidney or the bone marrow was the source of sDPP4, kidney or bone marrow transplantation was performed between wildtype (wt) Dark Agouti (DA) and DPP4 deficient congenic rats (n=6-9). Kidney was verified to have the highest DPP4 activity, followed by spleen and lung. In the following three weeks after successful kidney transplantation only transient trace plasma DPP4 activity was detected in DPP4 deficient rats receiving wt kidneys. In addition, DPP4 activity was not diminished in DA wt rats receiving DPP4 deficient kidneys. Both findings indicated that sDPP4 did not originate from the kidney. In contrast, 43±14% (compared to wt) sDPP4 activity was detected in the plasma of DPP4 deficient DA rats that were reconstituted with wt bone marrow cells. Not only leukocyte but also macrophage subpopulations express DPP4 in bone marrow as well as in blood as assessed by flow cytometry. Thus, bone marrow derived cells but not the kidney represent at least one source of sDPP4. And leukocyte or macrophage subpopulations could be potential candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendi Wang
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 8, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Urologic Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, PR China.
| | - Christina Grigo
- Division of Nephropathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Julia Steinbeck
- Division of Nephropathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- Department for Experimental Therapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Palmsanlage 5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Division of Nephropathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Division of Nephropathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Divergent actions by inhibitors of DP IV and APN family enzymes on CD4+ Teff cell motility and functions. Immunobiology 2011; 216:1295-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Merchant M, Mead S, McAdon C, McFatter J, Wasilewski J. Identification and characterization of dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme activity in the American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 136:28-33. [PMID: 20227771 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Serum from the American crocodile was assayed for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) activity. We measured the DPP4-mediated hydrolysis of Ala-Pro-AFC. The generation of AFC was dependent on the titer of serum, with significant DPP4 activity (0.20 + or - 0.03 nmol product formed) measured using only 2 microL of crocodile serum, with maximum activity measured using 500 microL of serum. The hydrolysis of substrate was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by diprotin A, a specific inhibitor of DPP4 activity, indicating that this activity was due to the presence of DPP4. The crocodile serum DPP4 exhibited classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with K(m) and V(max) extrapolated, by double-reciprocal plot, to be 14.7 + or - 1.3 microM and 75.5 + or - 4.3 nmol/min, respectively. Crocodile DPP4 catalyzed the hydrolysis of Ala-Pro-AFC rapidly, with substantial activity measured within 5 min of the addition of substrate. After an initial rapid increase in activity, near maximal activity (7.43 + or - 0.24 nmol product formed) measured at 180 min. Crocodile serum DPP4 activity was temperature-dependent, with steadily increased activity from 5 to 40 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Merchant
- Department of Chemistry, McNeese State University, 450 Beauregard, 225 Kirkman Hall, Lake Charles, LA 70609, USA.
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Biton A, Bank U, Täger M, Ansorge S, Reinhold D, Lendeckel U, Brocke S. Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DP IV, CD26) and Aminopeptidase N (APN, CD13) as Regulators of T Cell Function and Targets of Immunotherapy in CNS Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2006; 575:177-86. [PMID: 16700521 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-32824-6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aliza Biton
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, POB 12272, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
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Reinhold D, Kähne T, Steinbrecher A, Gerber A, Preller V, Gornickel B, Wrenger S, Ansorge S, Brocke S. The role of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, CD26) in T cell activation and multiple sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/sita.200500069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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Lambeir AM, Durinx C, Scharpé S, De Meester I. Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV from bench to bedside: an update on structural properties, functions, and clinical aspects of the enzyme DPP IV. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2003; 40:209-94. [PMID: 12892317 DOI: 10.1080/713609354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 699] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV/CD26 (DPP IV) is a cell-surface protease belonging to the prolyloligopeptidase family. It selectively removes the N-terminal dipeptide from peptides with proline or alanine in the second position. Apart from its catalytic activity, it interacts with several proteins, for instance, adenosine deaminase, the HIV gp120 protein, fibronectin, collagen, the chemokine receptor CXCR4, and the tyrosine phosphatase CD45. DPP IV is expressed on a specific set of T lymphocytes, where it is up-regulated after activation. It is also expressed in a variety of tissues, primarily on endothelial and epithelial cells. A soluble form is present in plasma and other body fluids. DPP IV has been proposed as a diagnostic or prognostic marker for various tumors, hematological malignancies, immunological, inflammatory, psychoneuroendocrine disorders, and viral infections. DPP IV truncates many bioactive peptides of medical importance. It plays a role in glucose homeostasis through proteolytic inactivation of the incretins. DPP IV inhibitors improve glucose tolerance and pancreatic islet cell function in animal models of type 2 diabetes and in diabetic patients. The role of DPP IV/ CD26 within the immune system is a combination of its exopeptidase activity and its interactions with different molecules. This enables DPP IV/CD26 to serve as a co-stimulatory molecule to influence T cell activity and to modulate chemotaxis. DPP IV is also implicated in HIV-1 entry, malignant transformation, and tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Lambeir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Lambeir AM, Durinx C, Scharpé S, De Meester I. Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV from Bench to Bedside: An Update on Structural Properties, Functions, and Clinical Aspects of the Enzyme DPP IV. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/713609354/?{alert(1)}] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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Reinhold D, Kähne T, Steinbrecher A, Wrenger S, Neubert K, Ansorge S, Brocke S. The role of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) enzymatic activity in T cell activation and autoimmunity. Biol Chem 2002; 383:1133-8. [PMID: 12437097 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2002.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Activated T lymphocytes express high levels of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV)/CD26. Recent studies support the notion that DP IV may play an important role in the regulation of differentiation and growth of T lymphocytes. This article gives a short overview on DP IV/CD26 expression and effects on immune cells in vitro and in vivo. A major focus of this review are clinical aspects of the function of CD26 on hematopoietic cells and the potential usage of synthetic DP IV inhibitors as therapeutics in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Reinhold
- Institute of Immunology, Otto-von-Gueircke University Magdeburg, Germany
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Gorrell MD, Gysbers V, McCaughan GW. CD26: a multifunctional integral membrane and secreted protein of activated lymphocytes. Scand J Immunol 2001; 54:249-64. [PMID: 11555388 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CD26 has proved interesting in the fields of immunology, endocrinology, cancer biology and nutrition owing to its ubiquitous and unusual enzyme activity. This dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (DPP IV) activity generally inactivates but sometimes alters or enhances the biological activities of its peptide substrates, which include several chemokines. CD26 costimulates both the CD3 and the CD2 dependent T-cell activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of TCR/CD3 signal transduction pathway proteins. CD26 in vivo has integral membrane protein and soluble forms. Soluble CD26 is at significant levels in serum, these levels alter in many diseases and soluble CD26 can modulate in vitro T-cell proliferation. CD26, being an adenosine deaminase binding protein (ADAbp), functions as a receptor for ADA on lymphocytes. The focus of this review is the structure and function of CD26 and the influence of its ligand binding activity on T-cell proliferation and the T cell costimulatory activity of CD26.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Gorrell
- A. W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
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Reinhold D, Hemmer B, Gran B, Born I, Faust J, Neubert K, McFarland HF, Martin R, Ansorge S. Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 suppress activation of human MBP-specific CD4+ T cell clones. J Neuroimmunol 1998; 87:203-9. [PMID: 9670864 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(98)00100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ectoenzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, EC 3.4.14.5, CD26) has been shown to play a crucial role in T cell activation. Specific inhibitors of DP IV suppress DNA synthesis as well as cytokine production (IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-gamma) of stimulated human and mouse T cells suggesting a potential application of these effectors in transplantations and autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we have examined the expression of DP IV/CD26 on six myelin basic protein (MBP)(87-99)-specific, CD4+ T cell clones (TCC) derived from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as the biological effects of the two synthetic DP IV inhibitors Lys[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide and Lys[Z(NO2)]-pyrrolidide on the function of these cells. All TCC expressed high levels of DP IV/CD26, as shown by flow cytometry and by enzymatic DP IV assay. Enzymatic activity of resting TCC was found to be three to fourfold higher than on resting peripheral blood T cells and close to that of T cells 48 h after PHA stimulation. The DP IV inhibitors suppress DNA synthesis and IFN-gamma, IL-4, and TNF-alpha production of the antigen-stimulated TCC. These data suggest that CD26 plays a role in regulation of activation of autoreactive TCC. Further in-vivo investigations, first in experimental models, will clarify, whether the inhibition of the enzymatic activity of DP IV could be a useful tool for therapeutic interventions in MS or other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Reinhold
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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