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Prabhakar AT, Ninan GA, Roy A, Kumar S, Margabandhu K, Priyadarshini Michael J, Bal D, Mannam P, McKendrick AM, Carter O, Garrido MI. Self-motion induced environmental kinetopsia and pop-out illusion - Insight from a single case phenomenology. Neuropsychologia 2024; 196:108820. [PMID: 38336207 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Stable visual perception, while we are moving, depends on complex interactions between multiple brain regions. We report a patient with damage to the right occipital and temporal lobes who presented with a visual disturbance of inward movement of roadside buildings towards the centre of his visual field, that occurred only when he moved forward on his motorbike. We describe this phenomenon as "self-motion induced environmental kinetopsia". Additionally, he was identified to have another illusion, in which objects displayed on the screen, appeared to pop out of the background. Here, we describe the clinical phenomena and the behavioural tasks specifically designed to document and measure this altered visual experience. Using the methods of lesion mapping and lesion network mapping we were able to demonstrate disrupted functional connectivity in the areas that process flow-parsing such as V3A and V6 that may underpin self-motion induced environmental kinetopsia. Moreover, we suggest that altered connectivity to the regions that process environmental frames of reference such as retrosplenial cortex (RSC) might explain the pop-out illusion. Our case adds novel and convergent lesion-based evidence to the role of these brain regions in visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Appawamy Thirumal Prabhakar
- Cognitive neuroscience and Clinical Phenomenology Lab, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
| | - George Abraham Ninan
- Cognitive neuroscience and Clinical Phenomenology Lab, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Anupama Roy
- Cognitive neuroscience and Clinical Phenomenology Lab, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Sharath Kumar
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Kavitha Margabandhu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Jessica Priyadarshini Michael
- Cognitive neuroscience and Clinical Phenomenology Lab, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Deepti Bal
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Pavithra Mannam
- Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Allison M McKendrick
- Division of Optometry, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Olivia Carter
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Marta I Garrido
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Graeme Clark Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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2
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Guénot J, Trotter Y, Delaval A, Baurès R, Soler V, Cottereau BR. Processing of translational, radial and rotational optic flow in older adults. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15312. [PMID: 37714896 PMCID: PMC10504320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging impacts human observer's performance in a wide range of visual tasks and notably in motion discrimination. Despite numerous studies, we still poorly understand how optic flow processing is impacted in healthy older adults. Here, we estimated motion coherence thresholds in two groups of younger (age: 18-30, n = 42) and older (70-90, n = 42) adult participants for the three components of optic flow (translational, radial and rotational patterns). Stimuli were dynamic random-dot kinematograms (RDKs) projected on a large screen. Participants had to report their perceived direction of motion (leftward versus rightward for translational, inward versus outward for radial and clockwise versus anti-clockwise for rotational patterns). Stimuli had an average speed of 7°/s (additional recordings were performed at 14°/s) and were either presented full-field or in peripheral vision. Statistical analyses showed that thresholds in older adults were similar to those measured in younger participants for translational patterns, thresholds for radial patterns were significantly increased in our slowest condition and thresholds for rotational patterns were significantly decreased. Altogether, these findings support the idea that aging does not lead to a general decline in visual perception but rather has specific effects on the processing of each optic flow component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Guénot
- Brain and Cognition Research Center, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR5549, Toulouse, France.
| | - Yves Trotter
- Brain and Cognition Research Center, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR5549, Toulouse, France
| | - Angélique Delaval
- Brain and Cognition Research Center, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR5549, Toulouse, France
| | - Robin Baurès
- Brain and Cognition Research Center, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR5549, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Soler
- Brain and Cognition Research Center, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR5549, Toulouse, France
- Hôpital Purpan, Unité de Rétine - CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Benoit R Cottereau
- Brain and Cognition Research Center, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR5549, Toulouse, France.
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3
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Guénot J, Trotter Y, Fricker P, Cherubini M, Soler V, Cottereau BR. Optic Flow Processing in Patients With Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:21. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.12.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jade Guénot
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse Cedex–CNRS: UMR5549, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Trotter
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse Cedex–CNRS: UMR5549, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul Fricker
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse Cedex–CNRS: UMR5549, Toulouse, France
| | - Marta Cherubini
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse Cedex–CNRS: UMR5549, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Soler
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse Cedex–CNRS: UMR5549, Toulouse, France
- Unité de rétine, consultation d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Pierre-Paul-Riquet, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Benoit R. Cottereau
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse Cedex–CNRS: UMR5549, Toulouse, France
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4
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Castro KJS, Salomão RC, Feitosa NQ, Henriques LD, Kleiner AFR, Belgamo A, Cabral AS, Costa e Silva AA, Callegari B, Souza GS. Changes in plantar load distribution in legally blind subjects. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249467. [PMID: 33857169 PMCID: PMC8049300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the impact of visual impairment on balance control. We measured the center of pressure (COP) between the two feet and plantar surface pressures on each foot in 18 normal-sighted participants and compared their data with measures from 18 legally blind participants, either acquired or congenital. Pressures were measured in open- and closed-eye conditions using a baropodometric resistive plate. In the eyes-open condition, there were no differences between the sighted and legally blind groups in COP displacement. However, participants with visual loss had significantly increased pressures in two metatarsal regions (M1 and M2 zones) of the plantar surface in both viewing conditions (p < 0.05). The differences in pressure measures between the normally sighted and legally blind groups could be attributed mainly to the subgroup of subjects with acquired impairment. Our findings suggest that subjects with visual impairment present increased metatarsal pressures (i.e. forefoot), not yet associated to anterior displacement of COP or impaired balance control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - André Santos Cabral
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Callegari
- Master’s Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human Motricity Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Givago Silva Souza
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Nobre AP, Nikolaev AR, Gauer G, van Leeuwen C, Wagemans J. Effects of Temporal Expectations on the Perception of Motion Gestalts. J Cogn Neurosci 2021; 33:853-871. [PMID: 33544060 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Gestalt psychology has traditionally ignored the role of attention in perception, leading to the view that autonomous processes create perceptual configurations that are then attended. More recent research, however, has shown that spatial attention influences a form of Gestalt perception: the coherence of random-dot kinematograms (RDKs). Using ERPs, we investigated whether temporal expectations exert analogous attentional effects on the perception of coherence level in RDKs. Participants were presented fixed-length sequences of RDKs and reported the coherence level of a target RDK. The target was indicated immediately after its appearance by a postcue. Target expectancy increased as the sequence progressed until target presentation; afterward, remaining RDKs were perceived without target expectancy. Expectancy influenced the amplitudes of ERP components P1 and N2. Crucially, expectancy interacted with coherence level at N2, but not at P1. Specifically, P1 amplitudes decreased linearly as a function of RDK coherence irrespective of expectancy, whereas N2 exhibited a quadratic dependence on coherence: larger amplitudes for RDKs with intermediate coherence levels, and only when they were expected. These results suggest that expectancy at early processing stages is an unspecific, general readiness for perception. At later stages, expectancy becomes stimulus specific and nonlinearly related to Gestalt coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre P Nobre
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
| | | | - Gustavo Gauer
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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de Winkel KN, Kurtz M, Bülthoff HH. Effects of visual stimulus characteristics and individual differences in heading estimation. J Vis 2019; 18:9. [PMID: 30347100 DOI: 10.1167/18.11.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual heading estimation is subject to periodic patterns of constant (bias) and variable (noise) error. The nature of the errors, however, appears to differ between studies, showing underestimation in some, but overestimation in others. We investigated whether field of view (FOV), the availability of binocular disparity cues, motion profile, and visual scene layout can account for error characteristics, with a potential mediating effect of vection. Twenty participants (12 females) reported heading and rated vection for visual horizontal motion stimuli with headings ranging the full circle, while we systematically varied the above factors. Overall, the results show constant errors away from the fore-aft axis. Error magnitude was affected by FOV, disparity, and scene layout. Variable errors varied with heading angle, and depended on scene layout. Higher vection ratings were associated with smaller variable errors. Vection ratings depended on FOV, motion profile, and scene layout, with the highest ratings for a large FOV, cosine-bell velocity profile, and a ground plane scene rather than a dot cloud scene. Although the factors did affect error magnitude, differences in its direction were observed only between participants. We show that the observations are consistent with prior beliefs that headings align with the cardinal axes, where the attraction of each axis is an idiosyncratic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksander N de Winkel
- Department of Perception, Cognition and Action, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Max Kurtz
- Department of Perception, Cognition and Action, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Human Factors and Engineering Psychology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Heinrich H Bülthoff
- Department of Perception, Cognition and Action, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
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Cheng X, Lou C, Ding X, Liu W, Zhang X, Fan Z, Harris J. Perceived shift of the centres of contracting and expanding optic flow fields: Different biases in the lower-right and upper-right visual quadrants. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211912. [PMID: 30845166 PMCID: PMC6405070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied differences in localizing the centres of flow in radially expanding and contracting patterns in different regions of the visual field. Our results suggest that the perceived centre of a peripherally viewed expanding pattern is shifted towards the fovea relative to that of a contracting pattern, but only in the lower right and upper right visual quadrants and when a single speed gradient with appropriate overall speeds of the trajectories of the moving dots was used. The biases were not systematically related to differences of sensitivity to optic flow in different quadrants. Further experiments demonstrated that the biases were likely due to a combination of two effects: an advantage of global processing in favor of the lower visual hemifield and a hemispheric asymmetry in attentional allocation in favor of motion-induced spatial displacement in the right visual hemifield. The bias in the lower right visual quadrant was speed gradient-sensitive and could be reduced to a non-significant level with the usage of multiple speed gradients, possibly due to a special role of the lower visual hemifield in extracting global information from the multiple speed gradients. A holistic processing on multiple speed gradients, rather than a predominant processing on a single speed gradient, was likely adopted. In contrast, the perceived bias in the upper right visual quadrant was overall speed-sensitive and could be reduced to a non-significant level with the reduction of the overall speeds of the trajectories. The implications of these results for understanding motion-induced spatial illusions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Cheng
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunmiao Lou
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianfeng Ding
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueling Zhang
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Fan
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (ZF); (JH)
| | - John Harris
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (ZF); (JH)
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8
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Okafuji Y, Mole CD, Merat N, Fukao T, Yokokohji Y, Inou H, Wilkie RM. Steering bends and changing lanes: The impact of optic flow and road edges on two point steering control. J Vis 2018; 18:14. [PMID: 30242386 DOI: 10.1167/18.9.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful driving involves steering corrections that respond to immediate positional errors while also anticipating upcoming changes to the road layout ahead. In popular steering models these tasks are often treated as separate functions using two points: the near region for correcting current errors, and the far region for anticipating future steering requirements. Whereas two-point control models can capture many aspects of driver behavior, the nature of perceptual inputs to these two "points" remains unclear. Inspired by experiments that solely focused on road-edge information (Land & Horwood, 1995), two-point models have tended to ignore the role of optic flow during steering control. There is recent evidence demonstrating that optic flow should be considered within two-point control steering models (Mole, Kountouriotis, Billington, & Wilkie, 2016). To examine the impact of optic flow and road edges on two-point steering control we used a driving simulator to selectively and systematically manipulate these components. We removed flow and/or road-edge information from near or far regions of the scene, and examined how behaviors changed when steering along roads where the utility of far-road information varied. While steering behaviors were strongly influenced by the road-edges, there were also clear contributions of optic flow to steering responses. The patterns of steering were not consistent with optic flow simply feeding into two-point control; rather, the global optic flow field appeared to support effective steering responses across the time-course of each trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Okafuji
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu-shi, Japan.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe-shi, Japan
| | | | - Natasha Merat
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Takanori Fukao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu-shi, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Inou
- DENSO International America, Inc., Southfield, MI, USA
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9
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Daga FB, Diniz-Filho A, Boer ER, Gracitelli CPB, Abe RY, Medeiros FA. Fear of falling and postural reactivity in patients with glaucoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187220. [PMID: 29211742 PMCID: PMC5718417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the relationship between postural metrics obtained by dynamic visual stimulation in a virtual reality environment and the presence of fear of falling in glaucoma patients. Methods This cross-sectional study included 35 glaucoma patients and 26 controls that underwent evaluation of postural balance by a force platform during presentation of static and dynamic visual stimuli with head-mounted goggles (Oculus Rift). In dynamic condition, a peripheral translational stimulus was used to induce vection and assess postural reactivity. Standard deviations of torque moments (SDTM) were calculated as indicative of postural stability. Fear of falling was assessed by a standardized questionnaire. The relationship between a summary score of fear of falling and postural metrics was investigated using linear regression models, adjusting for potentially confounding factors. Results Subjects with glaucoma reported greater fear of falling compared to controls (-0.21 vs. 0.27; P = 0.039). In glaucoma patients, postural metrics during dynamic visual stimulus were more associated with fear of falling (R2 = 18.8%; P = 0.001) than static (R2 = 3.0%; P = 0.005) and dark field (R2 = 5.7%; P = 0.007) conditions. In the univariable model, fear of falling was not significantly associated with binocular standard perimetry mean sensitivity (P = 0.855). In the multivariable model, each 1 Nm larger SDTM in anteroposterior direction during dynamic stimulus was associated with a worsening of 0.42 units in the fear of falling questionnaire score (P = 0.001). Conclusion In glaucoma patients, postural reactivity to a dynamic visual stimulus using a virtual reality environment was more strongly associated with fear of falling than visual field testing and traditional balance assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio B. Daga
- Duke Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alberto Diniz-Filho
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Erwin R. Boer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Carolina P. B. Gracitelli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Y. Abe
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Felipe A. Medeiros
- Duke Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Rogers C, Rushton SK, Warren PA. Peripheral Visual Cues Contribute to the Perception of Object Movement During Self-Movement. Iperception 2017; 8:2041669517736072. [PMID: 29201335 PMCID: PMC5700793 DOI: 10.1177/2041669517736072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Safe movement through the environment requires us to monitor our surroundings for moving objects or people. However, identification of moving objects in the scene is complicated by self-movement, which adds motion across the retina. To identify world-relative object movement, the brain thus has to ‘compensate for’ or ‘parse out’ the components of retinal motion that are due to self-movement. We have previously demonstrated that retinal cues arising from central vision contribute to solving this problem. Here, we investigate the contribution of peripheral vision, commonly thought to provide strong cues to self-movement. Stationary participants viewed a large field of view display, with radial flow patterns presented in the periphery, and judged the trajectory of a centrally presented probe. Across two experiments, we demonstrate and quantify the contribution of peripheral optic flow to flow parsing during forward and backward movement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul A Warren
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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11
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Mueller AS, Timney B. Visual Acceleration Perception for Simple and Complex Motion Patterns. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149413. [PMID: 26901879 PMCID: PMC4763975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are able to judge whether a target is accelerating in many viewing contexts, but it is an open question how the motion pattern per se affects visual acceleration perception. We measured acceleration and deceleration detection using patterns of random dots with horizontal (simpler) or radial motion (more visually complex). The results suggest that we detect acceleration better when viewing radial optic flow than horizontal translation. However, the direction within each type of pattern has no effect on performance and observers detect acceleration and deceleration similarly within each condition. We conclude that sensitivity to the presence of acceleration is generally higher for more complex patterns, regardless of the direction within each type of pattern or the sign of acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S. Mueller
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Brian Timney
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Schütz AC, Billino J, Bodrogi P, Polin D, Khanh TQ, Gegenfurtner KR. Robust Underestimation of Speed During Driving: A Field Study. Perception 2015; 44:1356-70. [PMID: 26562855 DOI: 10.1177/0301006615599137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Traffic reports consistently identify speeding as a substantial source of accidents. Adequate driving speeds require reliable speed estimation; however, there is still a lack of understanding how speed perception is biased during driving. Therefore, we ran three experiments measuring speed estimation under controlled driving and lighting conditions. In the first experiment, participants had to produce target speeds as drivers or had to judge driven speed as passengers. Measurements were performed at daylight and at night. In the second experiment, participants were required to produce target speeds at dusk, under rapidly changing lighting conditions. In the third experiment, we let two cars approach and pass each other. Drivers were instructed to produce target speeds as well as to judge the speed of the oncoming vehicle. Here measurements were performed at daylight and at night, with full or dipped headlights. We found that passengers underestimated driven speed by about 20% and drivers went over the instructed speed by roughly the same amount. Interestingly, the underestimation of speed extended to oncoming cars. All of these effects were independent of lighting conditions. The consistent underestimation of speed could lead to potentially fatal situations where drivers go faster than intended and judge oncoming traffic to approach slower than it actually is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Schütz
- Abteilung Allgemeine Psychologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Germany
| | - Jutta Billino
- Abteilung Allgemeine Psychologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Germany
| | - Peter Bodrogi
- Fachgebiet Lichttechnik, Technische Universität Darmstadt
| | - Dmitrij Polin
- Fachgebiet Lichttechnik, Technische Universität Darmstadt
| | - Tran Q Khanh
- Fachgebiet Lichttechnik, Technische Universität Darmstadt
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13
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Evaluation of Postural Control in Patients with Glaucoma Using a Virtual Reality Environment. Ophthalmology 2015; 122:1131-8. [PMID: 25892017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate postural control using a dynamic virtual reality environment and the relationship between postural metrics and history of falls in patients with glaucoma. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS The study involved 42 patients with glaucoma with repeatable visual field defects on standard automated perimetry (SAP) and 38 control healthy subjects. METHODS Patients underwent evaluation of postural stability by a force platform during presentation of static and dynamic visual stimuli on stereoscopic head-mounted goggles. The dynamic visual stimuli presented rotational and translational ecologically valid peripheral background perturbations. Postural stability was also tested in a completely dark field to assess somatosensory and vestibular contributions to postural control. History of falls was evaluated by a standard questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Torque moments around the center of foot pressure on the force platform were measured, and the standard deviations of the torque moments (STD) were calculated as a measurement of postural stability and reported in Newton meters (Nm). The association with history of falls was investigated using Poisson regression models. Age, gender, body mass index, severity of visual field defect, best-corrected visual acuity, and STD on dark field condition were included as confounding factors. RESULTS Patients with glaucoma had larger overall STD than controls during both translational (5.12 ± 2.39 Nm vs. 3.85 ± 1.82 Nm, respectively; P = 0.005) and rotational stimuli (5.60 ± 3.82 Nm vs. 3.93 ± 2.07 Nm, respectively; P = 0.022). Postural metrics obtained during dynamic visual stimuli performed better in explaining history of falls compared with those obtained in static and dark field condition. In the multivariable model, STD values in the mediolateral direction during translational stimulus were significantly associated with a history of falls in patients with glaucoma (incidence rate ratio, 1.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.30-2.63; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The study presented and validated a novel paradigm for evaluation of balance control in patients with glaucoma on the basis of the assessment of postural reactivity to dynamic visual stimuli using a virtual reality environment. The newly developed metrics were associated with a history of falls and may help to provide a better understanding of balance control in patients with glaucoma.
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Mueller AS, Timney B. Effects of radial direction and eccentricity on acceleration perception. Perception 2015; 43:805-10. [PMID: 25549510 DOI: 10.1068/p7776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Radial optic flow can elicit impressions of self-motion--vection--or of objects moving relative to the observer, but there is disagreement as to whether humans have greater sensitivity to expanding or to contracting optic flow. Although most studies agree there is an anisotropy in sensitivity to radial optic flow, it is unclear whether this asymmetry is a function of eccentricity. The issue is further complicated by the fact that few studies have examined how acceleration sensitivity is affected, even though observers and objects in the environment seldom move at a constant speed. To address these issues, we investigated the effects of direction and eccentricity on the ability to detect acceleration in radial optic flow. Our results indicate that observers are better at detecting acceleration when viewing contraction compared with expansion and that eccentricity has no effect on the ability to detect accelerating radial optic flow. Ecological interpretations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Mueller
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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Kishore S, Hornick N, Sato N, Page WK, Duffy CJ. Driving strategy alters neuronal responses to self-movement: cortical mechanisms of distracted driving. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 22:201-8. [PMID: 21653287 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
We presented naturalistic combinations of virtual self-movement stimuli while recording neuronal activity in monkey cerebral cortex. Monkeys used a joystick to drive to a straight ahead heading direction guided by either object motion or optic flow. The selected cue dominates neuronal responses, often mimicking responses evoked when that stimulus is presented alone. In some neurons, driving strategy creates selective response additivities. In others, it creates vulnerabilities to the disruptive effects of independently moving objects. Such cue interactions may be related to the disruptive effects of independently moving objects in Alzheimer's disease patients with navigational deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Kishore
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Schepers P, den Brinker B. What do cyclists need to see to avoid single-bicycle crashes? ERGONOMICS 2011; 54:315-327. [PMID: 21491274 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2011.558633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The number of single-bicycle crash victims is substantial in countries with high levels of cycling. To study the role of visual characteristics of the infrastructure, such as pavement markings, in single-bicycle crashes, a study in two steps was conducted. In Study 1, a questionnaire study was conducted among bicycle crash victims (n = 734). Logistic regression was used to study the relationship between the crashes and age, light condition, alcohol use, gaze direction and familiarity with the crash scene. In Study 2, the image degrading and edge detection method (IDED-method) was used to investigate the visual characteristics of 21 of the crash scenes. The results of the studies indicate that crashes, in which the cyclist collided with a bollard or road narrowing or rode off the road, were related to the visual characteristics of bicycle facilities. Edge markings, especially in curves of bicycle tracks, and improved conspicuity of bollards are recommended. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: Elevated single-bicycle crash numbers are common in countries with high levels of cycling. No research has been conducted on what cyclists need to see to avoid this type of crash. The IDED-method to investigate crash scenes is new and proves to be a powerful tool to quantify 'visual accessibility'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Schepers
- Ministry of Transport, Public Works, and Water Management, Centre for Transport and Navigation, The Netherlands.
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17
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Cortical neurons combine visual cues about self-movement. Exp Brain Res 2010; 206:283-97. [PMID: 20852992 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-010-2406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Visual cues about self-movement are derived from the patterns of optic flow and the relative motion of discrete objects. We recorded dorsal medial superior temporal (MSTd) cortical neurons in monkeys that held centered visual fixation while viewing optic flow and object motion stimuli simulating the self-movement cues seen during translation on a circular path. Twenty stimulus configurations presented naturalistic combinations of optic flow with superimposed objects that simulated either earth-fixed landmark objects or independently moving animate objects. Landmarks and animate objects yield the same response interactions with optic flow; mainly additive effects, with a substantial number of sub- and super-additive responses. Sub- and super-additive interactions reflect each neuron's local and global motion sensitivities: Local motion sensitivity is based on the spatial arrangement of directions created by object motion and the surrounding optic flow. Global motion sensitivity is based on the temporal sequence of self-movement headings that define a simulated path through the environment. We conclude that MST neurons' spatio-temporal response properties combine object motion and optic flow cues to represent self-movement in diverse, naturalistic circumstances.
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Brosseau-Lachaine O, Gagnon I, Forget R, Faubert J. Mild traumatic brain injury induces prolonged visual processing deficits in children. Brain Inj 2009; 22:657-68. [DOI: 10.1080/02699050802203353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Development of cortical responses to optic flow. Vis Neurosci 2007; 24:845-56. [DOI: 10.1017/s0952523807070769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Humans discriminate approaching objects from receding ones shortly after birth, and optic flow associated with self-motion may activate distinctive brain networks, including the human MT+ complex. We sought evidence for evoked brain activity that distinguished radial motion from other optic flow patterns, such as translation or rotation by recording steady-state visual evoked potentials (ssVEPs), in both adults and 4–6 month-old infants to direction-reversing optic flow patterns. In adults, radial flow evoked distinctive brain responses in both the time and frequency domains. Differences between expansion/contraction and both translation and rotation were especially strong in lateral channels (PO7 and PO8), and there was an asymmetry between responses to expansion and contraction. In contrast, infants' evoked response waveforms to all flow types were equivalent, and showed no evidence of the expansion/contraction asymmetry. Infants' responses were largest and most reliable for the translation patterns in which all dots moved in the same direction. This pattern of response is consistent with an account in which motion processing systems detecting locally uniform motion develop earlier than do systems specializing in complex, globally non-uniform patterns of motion, and with evidence suggesting that motion processing undergoes prolonged postnatal development.
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Gautier G, Thouvarecq R, Chollet D. Visual and postural control of an arbitrary posture: The handstand. J Sports Sci 2007; 25:1271-8. [PMID: 17654239 DOI: 10.1080/02640410601049144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to increase our understanding of postural regulation by analysing an arbitrary posture - the handstand. We assessed the relative influence of peripheral vision and central visual anchoring on the postural balance of gymnasts in the inverted-stand posture. Displacements of the centre of pressure, the angles between the body segments, and the gymnast's height in the handstand were analysed. Postural regulation in the handstand appeared to be organized according to a system similar to that in erect posture, with three articular levels suggesting the existence of a typical organization of human posture. Moreover, both intra-modal (central and peripheral vision) and inter-modal sensory systems (vision and other balance systems) contributed to the postural regulation. The results are interpreted in terms of an ecological approach to posture in which postural regulation can be considered as an emergent phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gautier
- CETAPS Laboratory, UPRES EA 3832, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Rouen, Mont-Saint Aignan, France.
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Palmisano S, Allison RS, Howard IP. Illusory scene distortion occurs during perceived self-rotation in roll. Vision Res 2006; 46:4048-58. [PMID: 16979685 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2006.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2006] [Revised: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel illusory distortion of the visual scene, which became apparent during both: (i) observer rotation inside a furnished stationary room; and (ii) room rotation about the stationary observer. While this distortion had several manifestations, the most common experience was that scenery near fixation appeared to sometimes lead and other times lag more peripheral scenery. Across a series of experiments, we eliminated explanations based on eye-movements, distance misperception, peripheral aliasing, differential motion sensitivity and adaptation. We found that these illusory scene distortions occurred only when the observer perceived (real or illusory) changes in self-tilt and maintained a stable fixation.
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Berencsi A, Ishihara M, Imanaka K. The functional role of central and peripheral vision in the control of posture. Hum Mov Sci 2005; 24:689-709. [PMID: 16337294 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2005.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to investigate the role of central and peripheral vision (CV and PV) in postural control. In Experiment 1, either the central or peripheral visual field were selectively stimulated using a circular random dot pattern that was either static or alternated at 5 Hz. Center of foot pressure (CoP) was used to examine postural sway during quiet standing under both CV and PV conditions. The results showed that, when the visual stimulus was presented in the periphery, the CoP area decreased and more so in the anterior-posterior (AP) than in the medio-lateral (ML) direction, indicating a characteristic directional specificity. There was no significant difference between the static and dynamic (alternating) conditions. Experiment 2 investigated the directional specificity of body sway found in Experiment 1 by having the trunk either be faced toward the stimulus display or perpendicularly to it, with the head always facing the display. The results showed that the stabilizing effect of peripheral vision was present in the direction of stimulus observation (i.e., the head/gaze direction), irrespective of trunk orientation. This suggested that head/gaze direction toward the stimulus presentation, rather than a biomechanical factor like greater mobility of the ankle joint in AP direction than in ML direction, was essential to postural stability. Experiment 3 further examined whether the stabilizing effect of peripheral vision found in Experiments 1 and 2 was caused because more dots (500) were presented as visual cues to the peripheral visual field than to the central visual field (20 dots) by presenting the same number of dots (20) in both conditions. It was found that, in spite of the equal number of dots, the postural sway amplitudes were larger for the central vision conditions than for the peripheral vision conditions. In conclusion, the present study showed that peripheral rather than central vision contributes to maintaining a stable standing posture, with postural sway being influenced more in the direction of stimulus observation, or head/gaze direction, than in the direction of trunk orientation, which suggests that peripheral vision operates primarily in a viewer-centered frame of reference characterized by the head/gaze direction rather than in a body-centered frame of reference characterized by the anatomical planes of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Berencsi
- Department of Kinesiology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan, and National Institute for Medical Rehabilitation, Budapest, Hungary
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