Protein Synthesis and RNA Synthesis Induced by IAA are only Secondarily Necessary for Cell Enlargement in Avena Coleoptiles

Role of protein and RNA synthesis in the initiation of auxin-mediated growth in coleoptiles of Zea mays L

The kinetics of inhibition by protein- and RNA-synthesis inhibitors (cycloheximide and cordycepin, respectively) of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-induced elongation growth were investigated using abraded coleoptile segments of Zea mays L. Removal of the cuticle - a diffusion barrier for solutes - by mechanical abrasion of the outer epidermal cell wall increased the effectiveness of inhibitors tremendously. In an attempt to elucidate the role of 'growth-limiting protein(s)' (GLP) in the growth mechanism the following results were obtained. The elongation induced by IAA was completely inhibited when cycloheximide (10 μmol·l(-1)) was applied to abraded coleoptile segments as shortly as 10 min before the onset of the growth response (=5 min after administration of IAA). However, when cycloheximide was applied after 60 min of IAA treatment (when a steady-state growth rate is reached), the time required for complete cessation of growth was much longer (about 40 min). Cycloheximide inhibited the incorporation of [(3)H]leucine into protein within about 5 min. Cordycepin (400 μmol·l(-1)) prevented IAA-induced growth when applied as shortly as 25 min before the onset of the growth response (=10 min before administration of IAA) but required more than 60 min for a full inhibition of steady-state growth. The incorporation of [(3)H]adenosine into RNA was inhibited by cordycepin within 10 min. It is concluded that, contrary to previous investigations with nonabraded organ segments, the initiation of growth by IAA depends directly on the synthesis of GLP. Moreover, the apparent lifetime of GLP is at least four times longer than the time required by cycloheximide to inhibit the initiation of growth by IAA. This is interpreted to mean that GLP is not present before IAA starts to act but is synthesized as a consequence of IAA action starting a few minutes before the initiation of growth. Interpreting the kinetics of growth inhibition by cordycepin in a similar way, we further conclude that GLP synthesis is mediated by IAA-induced synthesis of the corresponding mRNA which starts about 10 min before the onset of GLP synthesis. Inhibition by cycloheximide and cordycepin of IAA-induced growth cannot be alleviated by acidifying the cell wall to pH 4-5, indicating that these inhibitors do not act on growth via an inhibition of auxin-mediated proton excretion.

Protein synthesis and auxin-induced growth: Inhibitor studies

We have compared the effects of cycloheximide (CHI) and two other rapid and effective inhibitors of protein synthesis, pactamycin and 2-(4-methyl-2,6-dinitroanilino)-N-methyl proprionamide (MDMP), on protein synthesis, respiration, auxin-induced growth and H(+)-excreation of Avena sativa L. coleoptiles. All three compounds inhibit protein synthesis without affecting respiration. The effectiveness of the inhibitors against H(+)-excretion and growth correlates with their ability to inhibit protein synthesis. Both CHI and MDMP inhibit auxin-induced H(+)-excretion after a latent period of 5-8 min, and inhibit growth after a 8-10-min lag. These results support the idea that continued protein synthesis is required in the initial stages of the growth-promoting action of auxin.