The 4p- syndrome--an autopsy study

The causes and underlying developmental mechanisms of congenital cardiovascular malformations: a critical review

Cardiovascular malformations are the second most common type of birth defect, occurring in 5-8/1,000 livebirths with a still higher prevalence among stillborn infants and spontaneously aborted embryos and fetuses. Dealing effectively with the high frequency of heart defects means reducing the incidence of cardiac malformations in the world. In this paper we cite some of the genetic and environmental risk factors associated with congenital cardiovascular malformations, describe the putative biochemical nature of the genetic predisposition relative to environmentally induced teratogenesis, and either support or discourage the use of available methods as strategies in preventing cardiovascular anomalies.

Severe limb malformations in 4p deletion

Severe limb anomalies with radial aplasia and hypodactylia are reported in a male newborn with 4p deletion syndrome. In apparent contradiction with previous reports, this finding indicates that the radial aplasia, as frequently observed in patients with ring chromosome 4, seems to be more likely related to the 4p deletion, rather than to the 4q deletion.

The oral manifestations of 4p- syndrome

The oral manifestations of 80 reported cases of 4p- syndrome are analyzed and a new case is reported. Results indicate that the common pattern of cheilognathopharyngeal disorders in 4p- syndrome is an isolated cleft palate or a high-arched palate with micrognathia. Cases of cleft lip are only about 10% of the total. The significance of other reported aberrant phenomena cannot yet be estimated.