Blood cyst of the pulmonary valve in an adult: report of a case and review of the literature

Congenital Blood Cyst of a Child: A case report and review of literature

Blood-filled cysts of the heart valves are frequently reported at postpartum autopsies of infants. They are seen as round nodules mostly in the paediatric age group in infants less than 2 months of age and disappear spontaneously within 6 months of life. We report a unique case of an 11-month-old girl who presented at a tertiary healthcare hospital in 2022 with a blood-filled cyst on the posterior leaflet of the pulmonary valve that was successfully treated. This case report highlights the characteristics and course of a paediatric patient with blood-filled cysts. Further studies are yet needed to better understand the diagnostic approaches to blood-filled cysts as well as treatment modalities to fill the gap in clinical settings.

Sudden unexpected death from subvalvular hemorrhagic cyst complicated with coronary heart disease in an adult

Cardiac blood cysts are rare benign tumors. It is commonly found in the heart valve and left ventricle of newborns by autopsy and is rarely seen in adults [1, 2]. The typical histopathology of cardiac blood cysts is a closed, round, blood-containing cystic mass attached to the heart valve or endocardium. This article reports a rare case of sudden death due to a giant subaortic cardiac blood cyst with coronary heart disease in an adult patient and summarizes the pathological features, aiming to provide a reference for the forensic pathological identification of cardiac blood cysts.

Blood cyst of the pulmonary valve causing right ventricular outflow tract obstruction: A case report

Blood cysts are rare cardiac tumors, often involve the atrioventricular valves. Blood cysts are usually small and tend to be clinically silent. Here, we report a case of blood cyst adhered to the junction of the pulmonary valve and the right ventricular outflow, causing severe outflow obstruction. This case was initially misdiagnosed as pulmonary valve stenosis by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and even underwent percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (PBPV). As the right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery peak gradient did not decrease after PBPV procedure, the boy underwent TTE again and the diagnosis was corrected as blood cyst. The cystic mass was successfully resected subsequently, and the boy recovered well.

Blood cysts of the cardiac valves in adults: Review and analysis of published cases

BACKGROUND AND AIM

Blood cysts of cardiac valves are generally seen in newborns and infants and very rarely in adults. Although in most cases they are incidental findings they may be associated to severe cardiac or systemic complications. This study analyzes incidence, presentation, and treatment of valvular blood cysts in adults.

METHODS

A review of the pertinent literature through a search mainly on PubMed and Medline was performed.

RESULTS

In patients ≥18 years of age, our search disclosed 54 patients with mitral blood cysts (mean age, 48 ± 18 years), 9 with a tricuspid valve cyst (mean age, 67 ± 15 years), 3 with a blood cyst on the pulmonary valve (age 31, 43, and 44 years), and 1 aortic valve cyst in a 22-year-old man. Most patients were asymptomatic while stroke, syncope, or myocardial infarction occurred in six patients with a mitral valve cyst. Blood cysts were removed surgically in 70% of patients with a mitral cyst, in 55% with a tricuspid cyst, and in all those with a pulmonary or aortic cyst. At histology, the cyst wall was composed mainly by fibrous tissue and with the inner surface lined with typical endothelium.

CONCLUSIONS

Blood cysts of cardiac valves are rare in adults but may cause life-threatening complications, particularly when located on the mitral valve. For such reason, surgical removal appears advisable, with low-risk procedures. Widespread use of multimodality imaging techniques will most likely increase the number of valvular blood cysts diagnosed also in adults.

Mitral Valve Blood Cyst Diagnosed with the Use of Multimodality Imaging

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Intracardiac blood cyst is a rare congenital abnormality that can be found in adults.

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It is most commonly attached in the valves, particularly the mitral valve.

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Echocardiography is the imaging modality of choice for the diagnosis of blood cyst.

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Cardiac MRI contributes to the diagnosis, typically showing absence of cyst enhancement.

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Conservative management is reasonable in the absence of effects on cardiac function.

Pulmonary valve cyst mimicking pulmonary artery neoplasia: a case report

Cardiac valve cysts are rare beyond infancy. The tricuspid and mitral valve are the most common sites, with few reported cases of pulmonary valve cysts in the literature. This case illustrates a pulmonary valve cyst mimicking a tumour in a child 13 years after cardiac surgery. Although these lesions are extremely rare, they could be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with valvular mass lesions.

Blood cyst of subvalvular apparatus of the mitral valve in an adult

Blood cysts of the heart are rare benign tumors, usually involving the cardiac valves. They are found mainly in the first month of life and in children; and are rarely seen in adults. Here, we report a case of a blood cyst on the subvalvular apparatus of the mitral valve, which was incidentally discovered during chest computed tomography in a 47-year-old man. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of blood cyst of the heart in an adult in Korea.

Giant pulmonary valve cyst in a 7-year-old child

This report describes the diagnosis and surgical management of a pulmonary valve cystic mass in a symptomatic 7-year-old boy. Cardiac valve cysts are extremely rare beyond the age of 6 months and typically not associated with symptoms. These lesions may grow, leading to progressive stenosis, regurgitation, or ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Therefore, these lesions should be monitored for change in size and/or, hemodynamic changes. Surgical intervention may be required for symptomatic patients.

Lesions of the mitral valve as a cause of central retinal artery occlusion: presentation and discussion of two cases

We present two cases of mitral valve lesions that manifested with unilateral blindness caused by central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO): Case 1. A 68-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic for sudden blindness. Retinal artery angiogram showed CRAO. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) documented a mass attached to the ventricular side of the posterior mitral leaflet, which at pathology was identified as a blood cyst. Case 2. A 67-year-old man was admitted for a sudden unilateral painless loss of vision. Retinal angiogram documented CRAO, and TEE showed a highly mobile, spherical, lesion on the atrial side of anterior mitral leaflet. In this case, the pathological finding was a degenerated calcified thrombosis. We report on two cases of very rare abnormalities of the mitral valve presenting with a very rare embolic complication, i.e., CRAO. Like for cryptogenic stroke, transesophageal echocardiography plays a central role in the diagnosis of cardiogenic embolic sources.

Bileaflet blood cysts on the mitral valve in an adult

Blood cysts within the heart are very rare entities in adults. The authors present possibly the first ever case in which blood cysts were found on both mitral valve leaflets. A 65-year-old woman was referred for transthoracic echocardiography because of vague chest discomfort. Transthoracic echocardiography displayed echo-free cysts on the tips of both mitral valve leaflets. Subsequent transesophageal echocardiography confirmed this finding. The blood cysts were successfully surgically removed.

Blood cyst of the mitral valve apparatus in a woman with a history of orthotopic liver transplantation

Blood cysts within the heart are rare findings in adults. We describe a case of a woman with a history of orthotopic liver transplantation who presented for an echocardiogram to evaluate a potential source of cerebrovascular embolism. A cystic mass attached to the submitral valve apparatus was identified by transthoracic and confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography. Surgical exploration and pathologic examination confirmed the mass to be a blood cyst attached to the chordal apparatus of the posterior papillary muscle. This case report highlights the use of echocardiography in diagnosing intracardiac blood cysts.

Giant blood cyst of the mitral valve

We report a rare case of giant blood cyst originating from the anterior mitral valve leaflet and chordae tendineae, which was incidentally discovered during a 2-dimensional echocardiography examination performed for assessment of left ventricular function after an uncomplicated myocardial infarction in a 50-year-old man.