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Dileepan KN, Raveendran VV, Sharma R, Abraham H, Barua R, Singh V, Sharma R, Sharma M. Mast cell-mediated immune regulation in health and disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1213320. [PMID: 37663654 PMCID: PMC10470157 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1213320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are important components of the immune system, and they perform pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory roles in the complex process of immune regulation in health and disease. Because of their strategic perivascular localization, sensitivity and adaptability to the microenvironment, and ability to release a variety of preformed and newly synthesized effector molecules, mast cells perform unique functions in almost all organs. Additionally, Mast cells express a wide range of surface and cytoplasmic receptors which enable them to respond to a variety of cytokines, chemicals, and pathogens. The mast cell's role as a cellular interface between external and internal environments as well as between vasculature and tissues is critical for protection and repair. Mast cell interactions with different immune and nonimmune cells through secreted inflammatory mediators may also turn in favor of disease promoting agents. First and forefront, mast cells are well recognized for their multifaceted functions in allergic diseases. Reciprocal communication between mast cells and endothelial cells in the presence of bacterial toxins in chronic/sub-clinical infections induce persistent vascular inflammation. We have shown that mast cell proteases and histamine induce endothelial inflammatory responses that are synergistically amplified by bacterial toxins. Mast cells have been shown to exacerbate vascular changes in normal states as well as in chronic or subclinical infections, particularly among cigarette smokers. Furthermore, a potential role of mast cells in SARS-CoV-2-induced dysfunction of the capillary-alveolar interface adds to the growing understanding of mast cells in viral infections. The interaction between mast cells and microglial cells in the brain further highlights their significance in neuroinflammation. This review highlights the significant role of mast cells as the interface that acts as sensor and early responder through interactions with cells in systemic organs and the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kottarappat N. Dileepan
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Vineesh V. Raveendran
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Harita Abraham
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Rajat Barua
- Cardiology Section, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Vikas Singh
- Neurology Section, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Ram Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation (MVBRF), Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas, MO, United States
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2
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Ben S, Huang X, Shi Y, Xu Z, Xiao H. Change in cytokine profiles released by mast cells mediated by lung cancer-derived exosome activation may contribute to cancer-associated coagulation disorders. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:97. [PMID: 37143160 PMCID: PMC10161433 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulation disorders are a significant cause of lung cancer mortality. Although mast cells are known to play a role in coagulation abnormalities, their specific role in this process has not yet been elucidated. METHOD We detected mast cells in the tumor microenvironment using single-cell sequencing data and examined their correlation with thrombosis-related genes, neutrophil-related genes, neutrophil extracellular trap-related signature genes, and immune infiltration levels in lung cancer patients through bioinformatics analysis. Bone marrow mast cell uptake of exosomes isolated from the lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, which were labeled using PKH67, was observed using confocal microscopy. Mast cell degranulation was detected by measuring the β-hexosaminidase release rate. Additionally, cytokine array analysis was performed to identify altered mediators released by bone marrow mast cells after uptake of the exosomes. RESULTS In our study, we found a close correlation between the proportion of mast cells in lung cancer patients and the expression levels of thrombosis-related genes and neutrophil extracellular trap signature genes, both of which play a key role in thrombophilic disorder. Moreover, we discovered that lung cancer cell-derived exosomes can be taken up by mast cells, which in turn become activated to release procoagulant mediators. CONCLUSION Our study shows that exosomes derived from lung cancer cells can activate mast cells to release procoagulants that may contribute to abnormal blood clotting in lung cancer patients. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqin Ben
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiulin Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxin Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziheng Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Campos J, Brill A. The role of bone marrow-derived cells in venous thromboembolism. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 128:105850. [PMID: 32950686 PMCID: PMC7607213 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Venous thrombosis is a life-threatening condition with high morbidity and mortality. Abnormal functioning of different cells in the blood is an integral part of its pathogenesis. In this review, we describe the contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to the development of this debilitating disease. We present both epidemiological and clinical data demonstrating involvement of various cell types in venous thrombosis, and discuss potential mechanisms underlying these effects. Modern concepts including recently discovered new paradigms in thrombosis, such as neutrophil extracellular traps, mast cells, and polyphosphate, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Campos
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexander Brill
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
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Gutmann C, Siow R, Gwozdz AM, Saha P, Smith A. Reactive Oxygen Species in Venous Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061918. [PMID: 32168908 PMCID: PMC7139897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have physiological roles as second messengers, but can also exert detrimental modifications on DNA, proteins and lipids if resulting from enhanced generation or reduced antioxidant defense (oxidative stress). Venous thrombus (DVT) formation and resolution are influenced by ROS through modulation of the coagulation, fibrinolysis, proteolysis and the complement system, as well as the regulation of effector cells such as platelets, endothelial cells, erythrocytes, neutrophils, mast cells, monocytes and fibroblasts. Many conditions that carry an elevated risk of venous thrombosis, such as the Antiphospholipid Syndrome, have alterations in their redox homeostasis. Dietary and pharmacological antioxidants can modulate several important processes involved in DVT formation, but their overall effect is unknown and there are no recommendations regarding their use. The development of novel antioxidant treatments that aim to abrogate the formation of DVT or promote its resolution will depend on the identification of targets that enable ROS modulation confined to their site of interest in order to prevent off-target effects on physiological redox mechanisms. Subgroups of patients with increased systemic oxidative stress might benefit from unspecific antioxidant treatment, but more clinical studies are needed to bring clarity to this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Gutmann
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK;
| | - Richard Siow
- Vascular Biology & Inflammation Section, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation of Research Excellence, King’s College London, SE1 9NH, UK;
| | - Adam M. Gwozdz
- Academic Department of Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation of Research Excellence, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; (A.M.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Prakash Saha
- Academic Department of Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation of Research Excellence, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; (A.M.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Alberto Smith
- Academic Department of Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation of Research Excellence, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; (A.M.G.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-207-188-0216
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5
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Chen W, Werner F, Illerhaus A, Knopp T, Völker K, Potapenko T, Hofmann U, Frantz S, Baba HA, Rösch M, Zernecke A, Karbach S, Wenzel P, Kuhn M. Stabilization of Perivascular Mast Cells by Endothelial CNP (C-Type Natriuretic Peptide). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:682-696. [PMID: 31893950 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activated perivascular mast cells (MCs) participate in different cardiovascular diseases. Many factors provoking MC degranulation have been described, while physiological counterregulators are barely known. Endothelial CNP (C-type natriuretic peptide) participates in the maintenance of vascular barrier integrity, but the target cells and mechanisms are unclear. Here, we studied whether MCs are regulated by CNP. Approach and Results: In cultured human and murine MCs, CNP activated its specific GC (guanylyl cyclase)-B receptor and cyclic GMP signaling. This enhanced cyclic GMP-dependent phosphorylation of the cytoskeleton-associated VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) and inhibited ATP-evoked degranulation. To elucidate the relevance in vivo, mice with a floxed GC-B (Npr2) gene were interbred with a Mcpt5-CreTG line to generate mice lacking GC-B in connective tissue MCs (MC GC-B knockout). In anesthetized mice, acute ischemia-reperfusion of the cremaster muscle microcirculation provoked extensive MC degranulation and macromolecule extravasation. Superfusion of CNP markedly prevented MC activation and endothelial barrier disruption in control but not in MC GC-B knockout mice. Notably, already under resting conditions, such knockout mice had increased numbers of degranulated MCs in different tissues, together with elevated plasma chymase levels. After transient coronary occlusion, their myocardial areas at risk and with infarction were enlarged. Moreover, MC GC-B knockout mice showed augmented perivascular neutrophil infiltration and deep vein thrombosis in a model of inferior vena cava ligation. CONCLUSIONS CNP, via GC-B/cyclic GMP signaling, stabilizes resident perivascular MCs at baseline and prevents their excessive activation under pathological conditions. Thereby CNP contributes to the maintenance of vascular integrity in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- From the Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Germany (W.C., F.W., K.V., T.P., M.K.).,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (W.C., U.H., S.F., M.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Werner
- From the Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Germany (W.C., F.W., K.V., T.P., M.K.)
| | - Anja Illerhaus
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine (M.R., A.Z.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Knopp
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Germany (A.I.)
| | - Katharina Völker
- From the Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Germany (W.C., F.W., K.V., T.P., M.K.)
| | - Tamara Potapenko
- From the Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Germany (W.C., F.W., K.V., T.P., M.K.)
| | - Ulrich Hofmann
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (W.C., U.H., S.F., M.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (W.C., U.H., S.F., M.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hideo A Baba
- Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany (T.K., S.K., P.W.)
| | - Melanie Rösch
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine (M.R., A.Z.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine (M.R., A.Z.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Karbach
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Germany (A.I.).,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen (H.A.B.)
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Germany (A.I.).,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen (H.A.B.)
| | - Michaela Kuhn
- From the Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Germany (W.C., F.W., K.V., T.P., M.K.).,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (W.C., U.H., S.F., M.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
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Budnik I, Brill A. Immune Factors in Deep Vein Thrombosis Initiation. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:610-623. [PMID: 29776849 PMCID: PMC6065414 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major origin of morbidity and mortality. While DVT has long been considered as blood coagulation disorder, several recent lines of evidence demonstrate that immune cells and inflammatory processes are involved in DVT initiation. Here, we discuss these mechanisms, in particular, the role of immune cells in endothelial activation, and the immune cascades leading to expression of adhesion receptors on endothelial cells. We analyze the specific recruitment and functional roles of different immune cells, such as mast cells and leukocytes, in DVT. Importantly, we also speculate how immune modulation could be used for DVT prevention with a lower risk of bleeding complications than conventional therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Budnik
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Brill
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex L Huang
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.L.H., K.P.); Department of Medicine (A.L.H., K.P.) and Department of Immunology (K.P.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; and Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (J.J.B.)
| | - Julian J Bosco
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.L.H., K.P.); Department of Medicine (A.L.H., K.P.) and Department of Immunology (K.P.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; and Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (J.J.B.)
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.L.H., K.P.); Department of Medicine (A.L.H., K.P.) and Department of Immunology (K.P.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; and Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (J.J.B.).
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8
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Nilotinib-induced vasculopathy: identification of vascular endothelial cells as a primary target site. Leukemia 2017; 31:2388-2397. [PMID: 28757617 PMCID: PMC5669463 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The BCR/ABL1 inhibitor Nilotinib is increasingly used to treat patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Although otherwise well-tolerated, Nilotinib has been associated with the occurrence of progressive arterial occlusive disease (AOD). Our objective was to determine the exact frequency of AOD and examine in vitro and in vivo effects of Nilotinib and Imatinib on endothelial cells to explain AOD-development. In contrast to Imatinib, Nilotinib was found to upregulate pro-atherogenic adhesion-proteins (ICAM-1, E-selectin, VCAM-1) on human endothelial cells. Nilotinib also suppressed endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube-formation, and bound to a distinct set of target-kinases, relevant to angiogenesis and atherosclerosis, including angiopoietin receptor-1 TEK, ABL-2, JAK1, and MAP-kinases. Nilotinib and siRNA against ABL-2 also suppressed KDR expression. In addition, Nilotinib augmented atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice and blocked reperfusion and angiogenesis in a hind-limb-ischemia model of arterial occlusion, whereas Imatinib showed no comparable effects. Clinically overt AOD-events were found to accumulate over time in Nilotinib-treated patients. After a median observation-time of 2.0 years, the AOD-frequency was higher in these patients (29.4%) compared to risk factor- and age-matched controls (<5%). Together, Nilotinib exerts direct pro-atherogenic and anti-angiogenic effects on vascular endothelial cells, which may contribute to development of AOD in patients with CML.
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9
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Ponomaryov T, Payne H, Fabritz L, Wagner DD, Brill A. Mast Cells Granular Contents Are Crucial for Deep Vein Thrombosis in Mice. Circ Res 2017; 121:941-950. [PMID: 28739590 PMCID: PMC5623089 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and its complication pulmonary embolism have high morbidity reducing quality of life and leading to death. Cellular mechanisms of DVT initiation remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the role of mast cells (MCs) in DVT initiation and validate MCs as a potential target for DVT prevention. METHODS AND RESULTS In a mouse model, DVT was induced by partial ligation (stenosis) of the inferior vena cava. We demonstrated that 2 strains of mice deficient for MCs were completely protected from DVT. Adoptive transfer of in vitro differentiated MCs restored thrombosis. MCs were present in the venous wall, and the number of granule-containing MCs decreased with thrombosis. Pharmacological depletion of MCs granules or prevention of MC degranulation also reduced DVT. Basal plasma levels of von Willebrand factor and recruitment of platelets to the inferior vena cava wall after DVT induction were reduced in MC-deficient mice. Stenosis application increased plasma levels of soluble P-selectin in wild-type but not in MC-deficient mice. MC releasate elevated ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) expression on HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) in vitro. Topical application of compound 48/80, an MC secretagogue, or histamine, a Weibel-Palade body secretagogue from MCs, potentiated DVT in wild-type mice, and histamine restored thrombosis in MC-deficient animals. CONCLUSIONS MCs exacerbate DVT likely through endothelial activation and Weibel-Palade body release, which is, at least in part, mediated by histamine. Because MCs do not directly contribute to normal hemostasis, they can be considered potential targets for prevention of DVT in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Ponomaryov
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (T.P., H.P., L.F., A.B.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Birmingham, United Kingdom (L.F.); Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (D.D.W., A.B.) and Division of Hematology/Oncology (D.D.W., A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.D.W., A.B.)
| | - Holly Payne
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (T.P., H.P., L.F., A.B.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Birmingham, United Kingdom (L.F.); Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (D.D.W., A.B.) and Division of Hematology/Oncology (D.D.W., A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.D.W., A.B.)
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (T.P., H.P., L.F., A.B.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Birmingham, United Kingdom (L.F.); Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (D.D.W., A.B.) and Division of Hematology/Oncology (D.D.W., A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.D.W., A.B.)
| | - Denisa D Wagner
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (T.P., H.P., L.F., A.B.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Birmingham, United Kingdom (L.F.); Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (D.D.W., A.B.) and Division of Hematology/Oncology (D.D.W., A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.D.W., A.B.)
| | - Alexander Brill
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (T.P., H.P., L.F., A.B.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Birmingham, United Kingdom (L.F.); Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (D.D.W., A.B.) and Division of Hematology/Oncology (D.D.W., A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.D.W., A.B.).
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10
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Cerny-Reiterer S, Rabenhorst A, Stefanzl G, Herndlhofer S, Hoermann G, Müllauer L, Baumgartner S, Beham-Schmid C, Sperr WR, Mannhalter C, Sill H, Linkesch W, Arock M, Hartmann K, Valent P. Long-term treatment with imatinib results in profound mast cell deficiency in Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2015; 6:3071-84. [PMID: 25605011 PMCID: PMC4413638 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mast cells (MC) play an important role in allergic reactions, their physiologic role remains unknown. In mice, several models of MC-deficiency have been developed. However, no comparable human model is available. We examined the in vitro- and in vivo effects of the KIT-targeting drug imatinib on growth and development of human MC. Imatinib was found to inhibit stem cell factor (SCF)-induced differentiation of MC in long-term suspension cultures (IC50: 0.01 μM). Correspondingly, long-term treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients with imatinib (400 mg/day) resulted in a marked decrease in MC. In patients with continuous complete molecular response during therapy, bone marrow MC decreased to less than 5% of pre-treatment values, and also serum tryptase concentrations decreased significantly (pre-treatment: 32.0±11.1 ng/ml; post-therapy: 3.4±1.8, p<0.01). Other myeloid lineages, known to develop independently of KIT, were not affected by imatinib-therapy. Imatinib also produced a substantial decrease in MCdevelopment in mice. However, no clinical syndrome attributable to drug-induced MC-deficiency was recorded in our CML patients. Together, imatinib suppresses MC production in vitro and in vivo. However, drug-induced MC depletion is not accompanied by adverse clinical events, suggesting that MC are less relevant to homeostasis in healthy tissues than we assumed so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Cerny-Reiterer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Rabenhorst
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriele Stefanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Herndlhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sigrid Baumgartner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Heinz Sill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Werner Linkesch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Michel Arock
- LBPA CNRS UMR8113, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, Cachan, France
| | - Karin Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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11
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Schumacher WA, Seiler SE, Steinbacher TE, Stewart AB, Bostwick JS, Hartl KS, Liu EC, Ogletree ML. Antithrombotic and hemostatic effects of a small molecule factor XIa inhibitor in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 570:167-74. [PMID: 17597608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of inhibiting activated blood coagulation factor XIa was determined in rat models of thrombosis and hemostasis. BMS-262084 is an irreversible and selective small molecule inhibitor of factor XIa with an IC(50) of 2.8 nM against human factor XIa. BMS-262084 doubled the activated thromboplastin time in human and rat plasma at 0.14 and 2.2 microM, respectively. Consistent with factor XIa inhibition, the prothrombin time was unaffected at up to 100 microM. BMS-262084 administered as an intravenous loading plus sustaining infusion was effective against FeCl(2)-induced thrombosis in both the vena cava and carotid artery. Maximum thrombus weight reductions of 97 and 73%, respectively (P<0.05), were achieved at a pretreatment dose of 12 mg/kg+12 mg/kg/h which increased the ex vivo activated thromboplastin time to 3.0 times control. This dose level also arrested growth of venous and arterial thrombi when administered after partial thrombus formation. BMS-262084 was most potent in FeCl(2)-induced venous thrombosis, decreasing thrombus weight 38% (P<0.05) at a threshold dose of 0.2 mg/kg+0.2 mg/kg/h. In contrast, doses of up to 24 mg/kg+24 mg/kg/h had no effect on either tissue factor-induced venous thrombosis or the ex vivo prothrombin time. Doses of up to 24 mg/kg+24 mg/kg/h also did not significantly prolong bleeding time provoked by either puncture of small mesenteric blood vessels, template incision of the renal cortex, or cuticle incision. These results demonstrate that pharmacologic inhibition of factor XIa achieves antithrombotic efficacy with minimal effects on provoked bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Schumacher
- Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, USA.
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Hamuro T, Kido H, Asada Y, Hatakeyama K, Okumura Y, Kunori Y, Kamimura T, Iwanaga S, Kamei S. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor is highly susceptible to chymase-mediated proteolysis. FEBS J 2007; 274:3065-77. [PMID: 17509077 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05833.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a multivalent Kunitz-type protease inhibitor that primarily inhibits the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. It is synthesized by various cells and its expression level increases in inflammatory environments. Mast cells and neutrophils accumulate at sites of inflammation and vascular disease where they release proteinases as well as chemical mediators of these conditions. In this study, the interactions between TFPI and serine proteinases secreted from human mast cells and neutrophils were examined. TFPI inactivated human lung tryptase, and its inhibitory activity was stronger than that of antithrombin. In contrast, mast cell chymase rapidly cleaved TFPI even at an enzyme to substrate molar ratio of 1:500, resulting in markedly decreased TFPI anticoagulant and anti-(factor Xa) activities. N-terminal amino-acid sequencing and MS analyses of the proteolytic fragments revealed that chymase preferentially cleaved TFPI at Tyr159-Gly160, Phe181-Glu182, Leu89-Gln90, and Tyr268-Glu269, in that order, resulting in the separation of the three individual Kunitz domains. Neutrophil-derived proteinase 3 also cleaved TFPI, but the reaction was much slower than the chymase reaction. In contrast, alpha-chymotrypsin, which shows similar substrate specificities to those of chymase, resulted in a markedly lower level of TFPI degradation. These data indicate that TFPI is a novel and highly susceptible substrate of chymase. We propose that chymase-mediated proteolysis of TFPI may induce a thrombosis-prone state at inflammatory sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Hamuro
- Therapeutic Protein Products Research Department, The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute, Kaketsuken, Japan.
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Akgul A, Youker KA, Noon GP, Loebe M. Quantitative Changes in Mast Cell Populations After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation. ASAIO J 2005; 51:275-80. [PMID: 15968959 DOI: 10.1097/01.mat.0000150507.61120.00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells have been implicated as important in tissue remodeling and fibrosis. We investigated the effect of mechanical ventricular unloading upon myocardial fibrosis and cardiac mast cell density in patients undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Paired myocardial tissue samples were obtained from 30 patients with end-stage cardiomyopathy at the time of LVAD implantation and at the time of removal and were compared with samples taken from donor hearts. Tissue sections were stained and quantitated for mast cells and myocardial fibrosis. Mast cell density (tryptase positive cells) in cardiomyopathy was higher than that in donor hearts (33.5 +/- 3.6 SEM cells/10 fields vs.15.2 +/- 2.0 SEM cells/10 fields respectively, p = 0.04) and was lower than LVAD supported hearts (33.5 +/- 3.6 SEM cells/10 fields vs. 49.8 +/- 5.7 SEM cells/10 fields respectively, p = 0.01). Mast cells are primarily localized in areas of increased interstitial fibrosis adjacent to myocardial cells and not vessels. There was statistically significant correlation between mast cells and interstitial collagen (p = 0.03) in patients before LVAD implantation that did not persist after mechanical support (p = 0.18). These results suggest that mechanical support with left ventricular assist devices induces an increase in mast cell number in the myocardium and an associated decrease in myocardial fibrosis. We believe these data demonstrate a dual role for cardiac mast cells in the increase in fibrosis in heart failure and the decrease after LVAD and its associated cardiac improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Akgul
- Yuksek Ihtisas Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara, Turkey
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Bankl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Ortlepp JR, Janssens U, Bleckmann F, Lauscher J, Merkelbach-Bruse S, Hanrath P, Hoffmann R. A chymase gene variant is associated with atherosclerosis in venous coronary artery bypass grafts. Coron Artery Dis 2001; 12:493-7. [PMID: 11696688 DOI: 10.1097/00019501-200109000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin II is known to stimulate proliferation of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells and enhance the atherosclerotic process in native coronary arteries. The impact of genetic polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on coronary bypass graft degeneration is unknown. METHODS We examined polymorphisms of four genes (AGTR1, CYP11B2, ACE, CMA) in 101 patients who had follow-up coronary angiography due to symptoms 88 +/- 52 months after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Bypass degeneration was determined with quantitative coronary angiography and an adjusted Gensini score. RESULTS Homozygosity for the G allele of the CMA-1905 polymorphism was associated with a higher degree of bypass degeneration (Bypass Gensini score CMA AA 21.4 +/- 39; AG 24.2 +/- 39.8; GG 27.8 +/- 42.3; NS-time adjusted Gensini bypass scores CMA AA 0.25 +/- 0.68; AG 0.57 +/- 1.82; GG 3.25 +/- 13.2; P = 0.005). No association could be detected for the AGTR1, CYP11B2 or ACE polymorphism. CONCLUSION The CMA allele G is a genetic risk factor for atherosclerosis in venous coronary artery bypass grafts. Its importance has to be shown in further studies. Other polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system do not seem to play a role in bypass degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ortlepp
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital of Aachen, Germany.
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Bankl HC, Samorapoompichit P, Pikula B, Latinovic L, Bankl H, Lechner K, Valent P. Characterization of human prostate mast cells and their increase in periprostatic vein thrombosis. Am J Clin Pathol 2001; 116:97-106. [PMID: 11447759 DOI: 10.1309/c0tp-ma3m-k5fx-3q2f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data suggest that mast cells (MCs) and their products are involved in the pathophysiology of thrombosis. In the present study, we analyzed the number, distribution, and phenotype of prostate MCs and periprostatic MCs in patients with unilateral periprostatic vein thrombosis (PVT) by immunohistochemical analysis and electron microscopy. MCs reacted with monoclonal antibodies to tryptase, chymase, and c-kit/CD117 and stained positively for tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase receptor (uPAR/CD87) but did not express detectable urokinase (uPA) or plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI-1, PAI-2). We found an increase in the mean +/- SEM number of MCs in PVT compared with control (PVT, 14.36 +/- 1.57 vs control, 5.23 +/- 0.57/mm2). The majority of MCs accumulated in the adventitia of thrombosed veins and showed a decrease in chymase expression. As MCs increase in number in PVT and express a profibrinolytic phenotype, we hypothesize that MC-derived molecules have a role in endogenous fibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Bankl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, University of Vienna, Austria
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