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Sanders TJ, Ullah F, Gehring AM, Burkhart BW, Vickerman RL, Fernando S, Gardner AF, Ben-Hur A, Santangelo TJ. Extended Archaeal Histone-Based Chromatin Structure Regulates Global Gene Expression in Thermococcus kodakarensis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:681150. [PMID: 34054788 PMCID: PMC8155482 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.681150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone proteins compact and organize DNA resulting in a dynamic chromatin architecture impacting DNA accessibility and ultimately gene expression. Eukaryotic chromatin landscapes are structured through histone protein variants, epigenetic marks, the activities of chromatin-remodeling complexes, and post-translational modification of histone proteins. In most Archaea, histone-based chromatin structure is dominated by the helical polymerization of histone proteins wrapping DNA into a repetitive and closely gyred configuration. The formation of the archaeal-histone chromatin-superhelix is a regulatory force of adaptive gene expression and is likely critical for regulation of gene expression in all histone-encoding Archaea. Single amino acid substitutions in archaeal histones that block formation of tightly packed chromatin structures have profound effects on cellular fitness, but the underlying gene expression changes resultant from an altered chromatin landscape have not been resolved. Using the model organism Thermococcus kodakarensis, we genetically alter the chromatin landscape and quantify the resultant changes in gene expression, including unanticipated and significant impacts on provirus transcription. Global transcriptome changes resultant from varying chromatin landscapes reveal the regulatory importance of higher-order histone-based chromatin architectures in regulating archaeal gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J. Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Fahad Ullah
- Department of Computer Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Alexandra M. Gehring
- Molecular Enzymology Division, New England Biolabs, Inc., Ipswich, MA, United States
| | - Brett W. Burkhart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Robert L. Vickerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sudili Fernando
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Andrew F. Gardner
- Molecular Enzymology Division, New England Biolabs, Inc., Ipswich, MA, United States
| | - Asa Ben-Hur
- Department of Computer Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Thomas J. Santangelo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Sanders TJ, Lammers M, Marshall CJ, Walker JE, Lynch ER, Santangelo TJ. TFS and Spt4/5 accelerate transcription through archaeal histone-based chromatin. Mol Microbiol 2019; 111:784-797. [PMID: 30592095 PMCID: PMC6417941 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RNA polymerase must surmount translocation barriers for continued transcription. In Eukarya and most Archaea, DNA-bound histone proteins represent the most common and troublesome barrier to transcription elongation. Eukaryotes encode a plethora of chromatin-remodeling complexes, histone-modification enzymes and transcription elongation factors to aid transcription through nucleosomes, while archaea seemingly lack machinery to remodel/modify histone-based chromatin and thus must rely on elongation factors to accelerate transcription through chromatin-barriers. TFS (TFIIS in Eukarya) and the Spt4-Spt5 complex are universally encoded in archaeal genomes, and here we demonstrate that both elongation factors, via different mechanisms, can accelerate transcription through archaeal histone-based chromatin. Histone proteins in Thermococcus kodakarensis are sufficiently abundant to completely wrap all genomic DNA, resulting in a consistent protein barrier to transcription elongation. TFS-enhanced cleavage of RNAs in backtracked transcription complexes reactivates stalled RNAPs and dramatically accelerates transcription through histone-barriers, while Spt4-Spt5 changes to clamp-domain dynamics play a lesser-role in stabilizing transcription. Repeated attempts to delete TFS, Spt4 and Spt5 from the T. kodakarensis genome were not successful, and the essentiality of both conserved transcription elongation factors suggests that both conserved elongation factors play important roles in transcription regulation in vivo, including mechanisms to accelerate transcription through downstream protein barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J. Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Marshall Lammers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Craig J. Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Julie E. Walker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
- Current address: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80303, USA
| | - Erin R. Lynch
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Thomas J. Santangelo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
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Choi J, Kim KT, Huh A, Kwon S, Hong C, Asiegbu FO, Jeon J, Lee YH. dbHiMo: a web-based epigenomics platform for histone-modifying enzymes. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2015; 2015:bav052. [PMID: 26055100 PMCID: PMC4460409 DOI: 10.1093/database/bav052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, epigenetics has evolved into a key concept for understanding regulation of gene expression. Among many epigenetic mechanisms, covalent modifications such as acetylation and methylation of lysine residues on core histones emerged as a major mechanism in epigenetic regulation. Here, we present the database for histone-modifying enzymes (dbHiMo; http://hme.riceblast.snu.ac.kr/) aimed at facilitating functional and comparative analysis of histone-modifying enzymes (HMEs). HMEs were identified by applying a search pipeline built upon profile hidden Markov model (HMM) to proteomes. The database incorporates 11 576 HMEs identified from 603 proteomes including 483 fungal, 32 plants and 51 metazoan species. The dbHiMo provides users with web-based personalized data browsing and analysis tools, supporting comparative and evolutionary genomics. With comprehensive data entries and associated web-based tools, our database will be a valuable resource for future epigenetics/epigenomics studies. Database URL:http://hme.riceblast.snu.ac.kr/
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung Choi
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland, Fungal Bioinformatics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland, Fungal Bioinformatics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland, Fungal Bioinformatics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Aram Huh
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland, Fungal Bioinformatics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Seomun Kwon
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland, Fungal Bioinformatics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Changyoung Hong
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland, Fungal Bioinformatics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Fred O Asiegbu
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland, Fungal Bioinformatics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Junhyun Jeon
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland, Fungal Bioinformatics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland, Fungal Bioinformatics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland, Fungal Bioinformatics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland, Fungal Bioinformatics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland, Fungal Bioinformatics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture
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