1
|
Allum F, Mason R, Burt M, Slater CS, Squires E, Winter B, Brouard M. Post extraction inversion slice imaging for 3D velocity map imaging experiments. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1842531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Allum
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Mason
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Burt
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Craig S. Slater
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Squires
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Winter
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Brouard
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brouard M, Chadwick H, Gordon SDS, Heid CG, Hornung B, Nichols B, Kłos J, Jambrina PG, Aoiz FJ. Differential cross sections and collision-induced rotational alignment in inelastic scattering of NO(X) by Xe. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2002020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Brouard
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Helen Chadwick
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Sean D. S. Gordon
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Cornelia G. Heid
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Balazs Hornung
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Bethan Nichols
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jacek Kłos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Pablo G. Jambrina
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - F. Javier Aoiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luxford TFM, Sharples TR, Townsend D, McKendrick KG, Costen ML. Comparative stereodynamics in molecule-atom and molecule-molecule rotational energy transfer: NO(A(2)Σ(+)) + He and D2. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:084312. [PMID: 27586927 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a crossed molecular beam scattering study, using velocity-map ion-imaging detection, of state-to-state rotational energy transfer for NO(A(2)Σ(+)) in collisions with the kinematically identical colliders He and D2. We report differential cross sections and angle-resolved rotational angular momentum polarization moments for transfer of NO(A, v = 0, N = 0, j = 0.5) to NO(A, v = 0, N' = 3, 5-12) in collisions with He and D2 at respective average collision energies of 670 cm(-1) and 663 cm(-1). Quantum scattering calculations on a literature ab initio potential energy surface for NO(A)-He [J. Kłos et al., J. Chem. Phys. 129, 244303 (2008)] yield near-quantitative agreement with the experimental differential scattering cross sections and good agreement with the rotational polarization moments. This confirms that the Kłos et al. potential is accurate within the experimental collisional energy range. Comparison of the experimental results for NO(A) + D2 and He collisions provides information on the hitherto unknown NO(A)-D2 potential energy surface. The similarities in the measured scattering dynamics of NO(A) imply that the general form of the NO(A)-D2 potential must be similar to that calculated for NO(A)-He. A consistent trend for the rotational rainbow maximum in the differential cross sections for NO(A) + D2 to peak at more forward angles than those for NO(A) + He is consistent with the NO(A)-D2 potential being more anisotropic with respect to NO(A) orientation. No evidence is found in the experimental measurements for coincident rotational excitation of the D2, consistent with the potential having low anisotropy with respect to D2. The NO(A) + He polarization moments deviate systematically from the predictions of a hard-shell, kinematic-apse scattering model, with larger deviations as N' increases, which we attribute to the shallow gradient of the anisotropic repulsive NO(A)-He potential energy surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F M Luxford
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas R Sharples
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth G McKendrick
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew L Costen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brouard M, Chadwick H, Gordon SDS, Hornung B, Nichols B, Aoiz FJ, Stolte S. Rotational Orientation Effects in NO(X) + Ar Inelastic Collisions. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:12404-16. [PMID: 26413997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rotational angular momentum orientation effects in the rotationally inelastic collisions of NO(X) with Ar have been investigated both experimentally and theoretically at a collision energy of 530 cm(-1). The collision-induced orientation has been determined experimentally using a hexapole electric field to select the ϵ = -1 Λ-doublet level of the NO(X) j = 1/2 initial state. Fully quantum state resolved polarization-dependent differential cross sections were recorded experimentally using a crossed molecular beam apparatus coupled with a (1 + 1') resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization detection scheme and subsequent velocity-map imaging. To determine the NO sense of rotation, the probe radiation was circularly polarized. Experimental orientation polarization-dependent differential cross sections are compared with those obtained from quantum mechanical scattering calculations and are found to be in good agreement. The origin of the collision-induced orientation has been investigated by means of close-coupled quantum mechanical, quantum mechanical hard shell, quasi-classical trajectory (QCT), and classical hard shell calculations at the same collision energy. Although there is evidence for the operation of limiting classical mechanisms, the rotational orientation cannot be accounted for by QCT calculations and is found to be strongly influenced by quantum mechanical effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Brouard
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - H Chadwick
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - S D S Gordon
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - B Hornung
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - B Nichols
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - F J Aoiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense , 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Stolte
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratoire Francis Perrin, Bâtiment 522, DRECEM/SPAM/CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharples TR, Luxford TFM, Townsend D, McKendrick KG, Costen ML. Rotationally inelastic scattering of NO(A(2)Σ(+)) + Ar: Differential cross sections and rotational angular momentum polarization. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:204301. [PMID: 26627953 DOI: 10.1063/1.4935962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the implementation of a new crossed-molecular beam, velocity-map ion-imaging apparatus, optimized for collisions of electronically excited molecules. We have applied this apparatus to rotational energy transfer in NO(A(2)Σ(+), v = 0, N = 0, j = 0.5) + Ar collisions, at an average energy of 525 cm(-1). We report differential cross sections for scattering into NO(A(2)Σ(+), v = 0, N' = 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9), together with quantum scattering calculations of the differential cross sections and angle dependent rotational alignment. The differential cross sections show dramatic forward scattered peaks, together with oscillatory behavior at larger scattering angles, while the rotational alignment moments are also found to oscillate as a function of scattering angle. In general, the quantum scattering calculations are found to agree well with experiment, reproducing the forward scattering and oscillatory behavior at larger scattering angles. Analysis of the quantum scattering calculations as a function of total rotational angular momentum indicates that the forward scattering peak originates from the attractive minimum in the potential energy surface at the N-end of the NO. Deviations in the quantum scattering predictions from the experimental results, for scattering at angles greater than 10°, are observed to be more significant for scattering to odd final N'. We suggest that this represents inaccuracies in the potential energy surface, and in particular in its representation of the difference between the N- and O-ends of the molecule, as given by the odd-order Legendre moments of the surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Sharples
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas F M Luxford
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth G McKendrick
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew L Costen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Suits AG, Bishwakarma CK, Song L, Groenenboom GC, van der Avoird A, Parker DH. Direct Extraction of Alignment Moments from Inelastic Scattering Images. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:5925-31. [PMID: 25377301 DOI: 10.1021/jp509381q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel means of analyzing velocity-map images of angular momentum polarization in inelastic scattering. In this approach, linear combinations of angular distributions obtained by integrating select regions of images for two probe laser polarizations directly yield the alignment-free differential cross sections and the differential alignment moments. No fitting is needed in the analysis. The method relies on the fact that the angular distribution for out-of-plane scattering is encoded in the distribution along the relative velocity vector, and this may be recovered quantitatively owing to the redundancy of the in-plane and out-of-plane scattering for the horizontal polarization case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur G Suits
- †Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,‡Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | | | - Lei Song
- †Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit C Groenenboom
- †Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ad van der Avoird
- †Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David H Parker
- †Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aoiz FJ, Brouard M, Gordon SDS, Nichols B, Stolte S, Walpole V. A new perspective: imaging the stereochemistry of molecular collisions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:30210-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03273c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The concept of the steric effect plays a central role in chemistry. This Perspective describes how the polarization of reactant molecules in space can be used to probe directly the steric effect, and highlights some of the new measurements that are made possible by coupling reactant orientation and alignment with ion imaging techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. J. Aoiz
- Departamento de Química Física
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Complutense
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - M. Brouard
- The Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - S. D. S. Gordon
- The Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - B. Nichols
- The Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - S. Stolte
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
| | - V. Walpole
- The Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Brouard M, Hornung B, Aoiz FJ. Origin of collision-induced molecular orientation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:183202. [PMID: 24237515 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.183202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Collision-induced rotational angular momentum orientation is a fundamental property of molecular scattering, which is sensitive to the balance between attractive and repulsive forces at play during collision. Here, we quantify a new mechanism leading to orientation, which is purely quantum mechanical in origin. Although the new mechanism is quite general, and will operate more widely in atomic and molecular scattering, it is observed here for impulsive hard shell collisions, for which the orientation vanishes classically. The quantum mechanism can thus be studied in isolation from other processes. The orientation is proposed to originate from the nonlocal nature of the quantum mechanical collision encounter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Brouard
- The Department of Chemistry, The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Steill JD, Kay JJ, Paterson G, Sharples TR, Kłos J, Costen ML, Strecker KE, McKendrick KG, Alexander MH, Chandler DW. Rotational alignment of NO (A2Σ+) from collisions with Ne. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:8163-74. [PMID: 23611173 DOI: 10.1021/jp402019s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the direct angle-resolved measurement of collision-induced alignment of short-lived electronically excited molecules using crossed atomic and molecular beams. Utilizing velocity-mapped ion imaging, we measure the alignment of NO in its first electronically excited state (A(2)Σ(+)) following single collisions with Ne atoms. We prepare A(2)Σ(+) (v = 0, N = 0, j = 0.5) and by comparing images obtained using orthogonal linear probe laser polarizations, we experimentally determine the degree of alignment induced by collisional rotational excitation for the final rotational states N' = 4, 5, 7, and 9. The experimental results are compared to theoretical predictions using both a simple classical hard-shell model and quantum scattering calculations on an ab initio potential energy surface (PES). The experimental results show overall trends in the scattering-angle dependent polarization sensitivity that are accounted for by the simple classical model, but structure in the scattering-angle dependence that is not. The quantum scattering calculations qualitatively reproduce this structure, and we demonstrate that the experimental measurements have the sensitivity to critique the best available potential surfaces. This sensitivity to the PES is in contrast to that predicted for ground-state NO(X) alignment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Steill
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Krasilnikov MB, Popov RS, Roncero O, De Fazio D, Cavalli S, Aquilanti V, Vasyutinskii OS. Polarization of molecular angular momentum in the chemical reactions Li + HF and F + HD. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:244302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4809992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
11
|
Brouard M, Chadwick H, Eyles CJ, Hornung B, Nichols B, Aoiz FJ, Jambrina PG, Stolte S. Rotational alignment effects in NO(X) + Ar inelastic collisions: an experimental study. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:104310. [PMID: 23514492 DOI: 10.1063/1.4792159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotational angular momentum alignment effects in the rotationally inelastic collisions of NO(X) with Ar have been investigated at a collision energy of 66 meV by means of hexapole electric field initial state selection coupled with velocity-map ion imaging final state detection. The fully quantum state resolved second rank renormalized polarization dependent differential cross sections determined experimentally are reported for a selection of spin-orbit conserving and changing transitions for the first time. The results are compared with the findings of previous theoretical investigations, and in particular with the results of exact quantum mechanical scattering calculations. The agreement between experiment and theory is generally found to be good throughout the entire scattering angle range. The results reveal that the hard shell nature of the interaction potential is predominantly responsible for the rotational alignment of the NO(X) upon collision with Ar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Brouard
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Brouard M, Chadwick H, Eyles CJ, Hornung B, Nichols B, Aoiz FJ, Jambrina PG, Stolte S, de Miranda MP. Rotational alignment effects in NO(X) + Ar inelastic collisions: A theoretical study. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:104309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4792158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
13
|
Jambrina PG, Kłos J, Aoiz FJ, de Miranda MP. New findings regarding the NO angular momentum orientation in Ar-NO(2Π(1/2)) collisions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:9826-37. [PMID: 22710404 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41043e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article reports a theoretical study of the stereodynamics of Ar + NO(X(2)Π, v = 0, j = 1/2, Ω = 1/2, ε = ±1) rotationally inelastic collisions. First, quantum scattering data are used to calculate all differential polarisation moments of the reagent and product molecules; this leads to the observation that the orientations of the reagent and product angular momenta are very strongly correlated. Next, canonical collision mechanisms theory [Aldegunde et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2008, 10, 1139] is used to separate and characterise the stereodynamics of the two independent collision mechanisms that contribute to the collision dynamics; this leads to the observation that the average product orientation is determined by the relative contributions of the two canonical mechanisms, which have comparable importance but are associated with starkly contrasting angular momentum orientations. These observations lead to a new and rigorous explanation of the experimental results reported a decade ago by Lorenz et al. [Science, 2001, 293, 2063]. The central fact of the new explanation is the incoherent, interference-free superposition of two independent collision mechanisms. This makes the new explanation radically different from the only one previously suggested, namely that the experimental observations might be due to quantum interference in a single collision mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo G Jambrina
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brouard M, Chadwick H, Eyles CJ, Aoiz FJ, Kłos J. The k-j-j′ vector correlation in inelastic and reactive scattering. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:084305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3625637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
15
|
|
16
|
|
17
|
Yurova IY, Borispol’skii ID. Theoretical study of the ionization of orbital-polarized p-excited alkali atoms by electron impact. 3D representation of the results. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793109050066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
18
|
Wilkinson I, de Miranda MP, Whitaker BJ. Photodissociation of NO2 in the (2) (2)B2 state: the O((1)D2) dissociation channel. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:054308. [PMID: 19673563 DOI: 10.1063/1.3194286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct current slice and crush velocity map imaging has been used to probe the photodissociation dynamics of nitrogen dioxide above the second dissociation limit. The paper is a companion to a previous publication [J. Chem. Phys. 128, 164318 (2008)] in which we reported results for the O((3)P(J)) + NO((2)Pi(Omega)) adiabatic product channel. Here we examine the O((1)D(2)) + NO((2)Pi(Omega)) diabatic product channel at similar excitation energies. Using one- and two-color imaging experiments to observe the velocity distributions of state selected NO fragments and O atoms, respectively, we are able to build a detailed picture of the dissociation dynamics. We show that by combining the information obtained from velocity map imaging studies with mass-resolved resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy it is possible to interpret and fully assign the NO images. By recording two-color images of the O((1)D(2)) photofragments with different polarization combinations of the pump and probe laser fields we also measure the orbital angular momentum alignment in the atomic fragment. We find that the entire O((1)D(2)) photofragment distribution is similarly aligned with most of the population in the M(J) = +/-1 magnetic sublevels. The similarity of the fragment polarizations is interpreted as a signature of all of the O((1)D(2)) atoms being formed via the same avoided crossing. At the photolysis energy of 5.479 52 eV we find that the NO fragments are preferentially formed in v = 1 and that the vibrationally excited fragments exhibit a bimodal rotational distribution. This is in contrast to the unimodal rotational profile of the NO fragments in v = 0. We discuss these observations in terms of the calculated topology of the adiabatic potential energy surfaces and attribute the vibrational inversion and rotational bimodality of the v = 1 fragments to the symmetric stretch and bending motion generated on excitation to the (2) (2)B(2) state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iain Wilkinson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Aldegunde J, Javier Aoiz F, de Miranda MP. Quantum mechanical limits to the control of atom-diatom chemical reactions through the polarisation of the reactants. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:1139-50. [PMID: 18270616 DOI: 10.1039/b716482c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This article considers the extent to which one can control the reactivity of atom-diatom systems through reactant polarisation. Three different limits for reactivity manipulation are defined: "absolute" limits that do not depend on the reaction dynamics but can only be obtained for particular combinations of quantum numbers, "unconstrained" limits that depend on dynamics but not on constraints imposed by any particular experimental setup, and "constrained" limits that depend on dynamics and also on the constraints imposed by a particular experimental setup. Methods for calculation of these limits are presented and applied to the benchmark F + H2 reaction. The variations of the maximum and minimum reactivity one can obtain are analysed in terms of reaction mechanisms and steric constraints. Tables listing the minimum and maximum values of angular momentum polarisation moments of rank up to 4, and integer and half-integer quantum numbers up to 5, are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Aldegunde
- Grupo de Dinámica Molecular, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008, Salamanca, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Collisional Energy-Transfer Spectroscopy with Laser-Excited Atoms in Crossed Atom Beams: A New Method for Investigating the Quenching of Electronically Excited Atoms by Molecules. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470142646.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
21
|
Symmetry and Angular Momentum in Collisions with Laser-Excited Polarized Atoms. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141212.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
22
|
|
23
|
Photodissociation of Diatomic Molecules to Open Shell Atoms. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470142851.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
24
|
|
25
|
Altkorn R, Zare RN, Greene CH. Depolarization of optically prepared molecules by two randomly oriented spins. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268978500101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
26
|
Brouard M, Cireasa R, Clark AP, Preston TJ, Vallance C. The photodissociation dynamics of NO2 at 308nm and of NO2 and N2O4 at 226nm. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:64309. [PMID: 16483209 DOI: 10.1063/1.2166631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Velocity-map ion imaging has been applied to the photodissociation of NO(2) via the first absorption band at 308 nm using (2 + 1) resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization detection of the atomic O((3)P(J)) products. The resulting ion images have been analyzed to provide information about the speed distribution of the O((3)P(J)) products, the translational anisotropy, and the electronic angular momentum alignment. The atomic speed distributions were used to provide information about the internal quantum-state distribution in the NO coproducts. The data were found to be consistent with an inverted NO vibrational quantum-state distribution, and thereby point to a dynamical, as opposed to a statistical dissociation mechanism subsequent to photodissociation at 308 nm. Surprisingly, at this wavelength the O-atom electronic angular momentum alignment was found to be small. Probe-only ion images obtained under a variety of molecular-beam backing-pressure conditions, and corresponding to O atoms generated in the photodissociation of either the monomer, NO(2), or the dimer, N(2)O(4), at 226 nm, are also reported. For the monomer, where 226 nm corresponds to excitation into the second absorption band, the kinetic-energy release distributions are also found to indicate a strong population inversion in the NO cofragment, and are shown to be remarkably similar to those previously observed in the wavelength range of 193-248 nm. Mechanistic implications of this result are discussed. At 226 nm it has also been possible to observe directly O atoms from the photodissociation of the dimer. The O-atom velocity distribution has been analyzed to provide information about its production mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Brouard
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Aldegunde J, Alvariño JM, Kendrick BK, Sáez Rábanos V, de Miranda MP, Aoiz FJ. Analysis of the H + D2reaction mechanism through consideration of the intrinsic reactant polarisation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:4881-96. [PMID: 17066178 DOI: 10.1039/b609363a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of reactant polarisation on the dynamics of the title reaction at collision energies up to 1.6 eV is analysed in depth. The analysis takes advantage of two novel theoretical concepts: intrinsic reaction properties and stereodynamical portraits. Exact quantum methods are used to determine the polarisation moments that quantify the intrinsic reactant polarisation at various levels of detail, including or not product state and/or scattering angle resolution. The data is then examined with the aid of stereodynamical portraits, which facilitate the rationalisation of the stereochemical effects that are relevant for the reaction dynamics. This allows for detailed characterisations of the so-called direct and delayed reaction mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Aldegunde
- Grupo de Dinámica Molecular, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Equations to enable determination of the helicity (angular momentum orientation) of photofragments resulting from single-photon dissociation of an isotropic sample of molecules are presented. The symmetry of the photofragment distribution is illustrated by three-dimensional vector plots of the expectation values of projections of the fragment total angular momentum. Equations describing circular polarization of light in the spherical tensor basis are presented. Methods for the optical measurement of angular momentum orientation are discussed, including determination of the helicity of circularly polarized light by a quarter-wave plate or single Fresnel rhomb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Alexander
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, Scotland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Aldegunde J, de Miranda MP, Haigh JM, Kendrick BK, Saez-Rabanos V, Aoiz FJ. How Reactants Polarization Can Be Used to Change and Unravel Chemical Reactivity. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:6200-17. [PMID: 16833960 DOI: 10.1021/jp0512208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article presents theoretical methods for the description of the directional effect of reactant rotation on the reactivity of atom-diatom systems and suggests an experiment that could be used to test theoretical predictions. The theory can be used in conjunction with both quantum reactive scattering and quasiclassical trajectory calculations, and is stated in general terms, which allows it to deal with arbitrary reactant polarizations. The illustrative results obtained for the benchmark H + D2 reaction are also presented and show that under experimentally achievable conditions one can largely control reactive cross sections and product state distributions, while at the same time gaining valuable and at times surprising information on the reaction mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Aldegunde
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Brouard M, Cireasa R, Clark AP, Preston TJ, Vallance C, Groenenboom GC, Vasyutinskii OS. O(3PJ) Alignment from the Photodissociation of SO2 at 193 nm. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049328v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Brouard
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - R. Cireasa
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - A. P. Clark
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - T. J. Preston
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - C. Vallance
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - G. C. Groenenboom
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, NSRIM, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - O. S. Vasyutinskii
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Brouard M, Clark AP, Vallance C, Vasyutinskii OS. Velocity-map imaging study of the O(3P)+N2 product channel following 193 nm photolysis of N2O. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1579471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
33
|
Bass MJ, Brouard M, Clark AP, Vallance C. Fourier moment analysis of velocity-map ion images. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1514978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
34
|
Nakajima T, Yonekura N. Electron spin-polarized alkaline-earth ions produced by multiphoton ionization. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1490598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
35
|
Cline JI, Lorenz KT, Wade EA, Barr JW, Chandler DW. Ion imaging measurement of collision-induced rotational alignment in Ar-NO scattering. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1409351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
36
|
Lorenz KT, Chandler DW, Barr JW, Chen W, Barnes GL, Cline JI. Direct measurement of the preferred sense of NO rotation after collision with argon. Science 2001; 293:2063-6. [PMID: 11557886 DOI: 10.1126/science.1062754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The preferred sense of product molecule rotation (clockwise or counterclockwise) in a bimolecular collision system has been measured. Rotationally inelastic collisions of nitric oxide (NO) molecules with Ar atoms were studied by combining crossed molecular beams, circularly polarized resonant multiphoton ionization probing, and velocity-mapped ion imaging detection. The observed sense of NO product rotation varies with deflection angle and is a strong function of the NO final rotational state. The largest preferences for sense of rotation are observed at the highest kinematically allowed product rotational states; for lower rotational states, the variation with deflection angle becomes oscillatory. Quantum calculations on the most recently reported NO-Ar potential give good agreement with the observed oscillation patterns in the sense of rotation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K T Lorenz
- Combustion Research Facility, Post Office Box 969, MS9055, Sandia National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cong SL, Han KL, Lou NQ. Theory for determining alignment parameters of symmetric top molecule using (n+1) LIF. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1319648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
38
|
Cong SL, Han KL, He GZ, Lou NQ. Determination of population, orientation and alignment of symmetric top molecule using laser-induced fluorescence. Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(00)00042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
39
|
CONG SHUUN, HAN KELI, LOU NANQUAN. Tensor density matrix theory for determining population and alignment of symmetric top molecule using rotationally unresolved fluorescence. Mol Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970009483278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
40
|
Fernández-Alonso F, Bean B, Ayers J, Pomerantz A, Zare R. New Scheme for Measuring the Angular Momentum Spatial Anisotropy of Vibrationally Excited H2 via the I 1Πg State. Z PHYS CHEM 2000. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2000.214.9.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the spectroscopic detection of vibrationally excited molecular hydrogen using 2+1 resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) via the I
Collapse
|
41
|
Cong SL, Han KL, Lou NQ. Alignment determination of symmetric top molecule using rotationally resolved LIF. Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(99)00261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
42
|
de Miranda MP, Aoiz FJ, Bañares L, Rábanos VS. A unified quantal and classical description of the stereodynamics of elementary chemical reactions: State-resolved k–k′–j′ vector correlation for the H+D2(v=0, j=0) reaction. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
43
|
Hanne GF, Szmytkowski C, Wiel MVD. Spin polarisation of electrons scattered superelastically by laser-excited Na atoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/15/3/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
44
|
Pesnelle A, Runge S, Perdrix M, Sevin D, Watel G. Experimental investigation of Hornbeck-Molnar ionisation in collisions between excited He(53P) and He atoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/16/7/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
45
|
Andersen N, Andersen T, Dahler JS, Nielsen SE, Nienhuis G, Refsgaard K. Coherence study of S→D excitation: Li(2s→3d) excitation of Li-He collisions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/16/5/014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
46
|
|
47
|
Jitschin W, Osimitsch S, Reihl H, Kleinpoppen H, Lutz HO. Electron exchange in the Na 3p electron impact excitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/17/9/027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
48
|
Hermann HW, Hertel IV. Orientation in atomic collisions: correspondence of classical model and partial-wave analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/13/21/021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
49
|
Ganz J, Lewandowski B, Siegel A, Bussert W, Waibel H, Ruf MW, Hotop H. Photoionisation of Ne(2p53p3D3) atoms and the production of state-selected, polarised Ne+(2p5 2P3/2) ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/15/14/001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
50
|
de Miranda MP, Clary DC, Castillo JF, Manolopoulos DE. Using quantum rotational polarization moments to describe the stereodynamics of the H+D2(v=0,j=0)→HD(v′,j′)+D reaction. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|