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Mamun M, Zheng YC, Wang N, Wang B, Zhang Y, Pang JR, Shen DD, Liu HM, Gao Y. Decoding CLU (Clusterin): Conquering cancer treatment resistance and immunological barriers. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112355. [PMID: 38851158 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
One major obstacle in the treatment of cancer is the presence of proteins resistant to cancer therapy, which can impede the effectiveness of traditional approaches such as radiation and chemotherapy. This resistance can lead to disease progression and cause treatment failure. Extensive research is currently focused on studying these proteins to create tailored treatments that can circumvent resistance mechanisms. CLU (Clusterin), a chaperone protein, has gained notoriety for its role in promoting resistance to a wide range of cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy. The protein has also been discovered to have a role in regulating the immunosuppressive environment within tumors. Its ability to influence oncogenic signaling and inhibit cell death bolster cancer cells resistant against treatments, which poses a significant challenge in the field of oncology. Researchers are actively investigating to the mechanisms by which CLU exerts its resistance-promoting effects, with the ultimate goal of developing strategies to circumvent its impact and enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapies. By exploring CLU's impact on cancer, resistance mechanisms, tumor microenvironment (TME), and therapeutic strategies, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts to improve cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maa Mamun
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ning Wang
- The School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jing-Ru Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Endometrial Disease Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou China, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ya Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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Wang H, Ma LZ, Sheng ZH, Liu JY, Yuan WY, Guo F, Zhang W, Tan L. Association between cerebrospinal fluid clusterin and biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease pathology in mild cognitive impairment: a longitudinal cohort study. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1256389. [PMID: 37941999 PMCID: PMC10629112 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1256389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clusterin, a glycoprotein implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), remains unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clusterin in relation to AD biomarkers using a longitudinal cohort of non-demented individuals. Methods We gathered a sample comprising 86 individuals under cognition normal (CN) and 134 patients diagnosed with MCI via the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. To investigate the correlation of CSF clusterin with cognitive function and markers of key physiological changes, we employed multiple linear regression and mixed-effect models. We undertook a causal mediation analysis to inspect the mediating influence of CSF clusterin on cognitive abilities. Results Pathological characteristics associated with baseline Aβ42, Tau, brain volume, exhibited a correlation with initial CSF clusterin in the general population, Specifically, these correlations were especially prominent in the MCI population; CSF Aβ42 (PCN = 0.001; PMCI = 0.007), T-tau (PCN < 0.001; PMCI < 0.001), and Mid temporal (PCN = 0.033; PMCI = 0.005). Baseline CSF clusterin level was predictive of measurable cognitive shifts in the MCI population, as indicated by MMSE (β = 0.202, p = 0.029), MEM (β = 0.186, p = 0.036), RAVLT immediate recall (β = 0.182, p = 0.038), and EF scores (β = 0.221, p = 0.013). In MCI population, the alterations in brain regions (17.87% of the total effect) mediated the effect of clusterin on cognition. It was found that variables such as age, gender, and presence of APOE ε4 carrier status, influenced some of these connections. Conclusion Our investigation underscored a correlation between CSF clusterin concentrations and pivotal AD indicators, while also highlighting clusterin's potential role as a protective factor for cognitive abilities in MCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ze-Hu Sheng
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia-Yao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei-Yu Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Fan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Galardi A, Stathopoulos C, Colletti M, Lavarello C, Russo I, Cozza R, Romanzo A, Carcaboso AM, Locatelli F, Petretto A, Munier FL, Di Giannatale A. Proteomics of Aqueous Humor as a Source of Disease Biomarkers in Retinoblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113458. [PMID: 36362243 PMCID: PMC9659039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous humor (AH) can be easily and safely used to evaluate disease-specific biomarkers in ocular disease. The aim of this study was to identify specific proteins biomarkers in the AH of retinoblastoma (RB) patients at various stages of the disease. We analyzed the proteome of 53 AH samples using high-resolution mass spectrometry. We grouped the samples according to active vitreous seeding (Group 1), active aqueous seeding (Group 2), naive RB (group 3), inactive RB (group 4), and congenital cataracts as the control (Group 5). We found a total of 889 proteins in all samples. Comparative parametric analyses among the different groups revealed three additional proteins expressed in the RB groups that were not expressed in the control group. These were histone H2B type 2-E (HISTH2B2E), InaD-like protein (PATJ), and ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 V1 (UBE2V1). Upon processing the data of our study with the OpenTarget Tool software, we found that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and CD44 were more highly expressed in the RB groups. Our results provide a proteome database regarding AH related to RB disease that may be used as a source of biomarkers. Further prospective studies should validate our finding in a large cohort of RB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Galardi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza di Sant’ Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Christina Stathopoulos
- Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, 1002 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marta Colletti
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza di Sant’ Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Lavarello
- Core Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ida Russo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza di Sant’ Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Cozza
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza di Sant’ Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Romanzo
- Ophtalmology Unit, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Angel M. Carcaboso
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza di Sant’ Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Core Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francis L. Munier
- Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, 1002 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Angela Di Giannatale
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza di Sant’ Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Wilson MR, Satapathy S, Jeong S, Fini ME. Clusterin, other extracellular chaperones, and eye disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 89:101032. [PMID: 34896599 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteostasis refers to all the processes that maintain the correct expression level, location, folding and turnover of proteins, essential to organismal survival. Both inside cells and in body fluids, molecular chaperones play key roles in maintaining proteostasis. In this article, we focus on clusterin, the first-recognized extracellular mammalian chaperone, and its role in diseases of the eye. Clusterin binds to and inhibits the aggregation of proteins that are misfolded due to mutations or stresses, clears these aggregating proteins from extracellular spaces, and facilitates their degradation. Clusterin exhibits three main homeostatic activities: proteostasis, cytoprotection, and anti-inflammation. The so-called "protein misfolding diseases" are caused by aggregation of misfolded proteins that accumulate pathologically as deposits in tissues; we discuss several such diseases that occur in the eye. Clusterin is typically found in these deposits, which is interpreted to mean that its capacity as a molecular chaperone to maintain proteostasis is overwhelmed in the disease state. Nevertheless, the role of clusterin in diseases involving such deposits needs to be better defined before therapeutic approaches can be entertained. A more straightforward case can be made for therapeutic use of clusterin based on its proteostatic role as a proteinase inhibitor, as well as its cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. It is likely that clusterin works together in this way with other extracellular chaperones to protect the eye from disease, and we discuss several examples. We end this article by predicting future steps that may lead to development of clusterin as a biological drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Wilson
- Molecular Horizons and the School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.
| | - Sandeep Satapathy
- Molecular Horizons and the School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.
| | - Shinwu Jeong
- USC Roski Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo Street., Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - M Elizabeth Fini
- New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine; Program in Pharmacology & Drug Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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Marozzi M, Parnigoni A, Negri A, Viola M, Vigetti D, Passi A, Karousou E, Rizzi F. Inflammation, Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, and Proteostasis in Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158102. [PMID: 34360868 PMCID: PMC8346982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted and complex pathology characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Most cancers are recognized by an inflammatory environment rich in a myriad of factors produced by immune infiltrate cells that induce host cells to differentiate and to produce a matrix that is more favorable to tumor cells’ survival and metastasis. As a result, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is changed in terms of macromolecules content, degrading enzymes, and proteins. Altered ECM components, derived from remodeling processes, interact with a variety of surface receptors triggering intracellular signaling that, in turn, cancer cells exploit to their own benefit. This review aims to present the role of different aspects of ECM components in the tumor microenvironment. Particularly, we highlight the effect of pro- and inflammatory factors on ECM degrading enzymes, such as metalloproteases, and in a more detailed manner on hyaluronan metabolism and the signaling pathways triggered by the binding of hyaluronan with its receptors. In addition, we sought to explore the role of extracellular chaperones, especially of clusterin which is one of the most prominent in the extracellular space, in proteostasis and signaling transduction in the tumor microenvironment. Although the described tumor microenvironment components have different biological roles, they may engage common signaling pathways that favor tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Marozzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43125 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (A.N.); (F.R.)
| | - Arianna Parnigoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.P.); (M.V.); (D.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Aide Negri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43125 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (A.N.); (F.R.)
| | - Manuela Viola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.P.); (M.V.); (D.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.P.); (M.V.); (D.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.P.); (M.V.); (D.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Evgenia Karousou
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.P.); (M.V.); (D.V.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Federica Rizzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43125 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (A.N.); (F.R.)
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Alsherbiny MA, Bhuyan DJ, Radwan I, Chang D, Li CG. Metabolomic Identification of Anticancer Metabolites of Australian Propolis and Proteomic Elucidation of Its Synergistic Mechanisms with Doxorubicin in the MCF7 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157840. [PMID: 34360606 PMCID: PMC8346082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of natural products with standard chemotherapeutic agents offers a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy or reduce the side effects of standard chemotherapy. Doxorubicin (DOX), a standard drug for breast cancer, has several disadvantages, including severe side effects and the development of drug resistance. Recently, we reported the potential bioactive markers of Australian propolis extract (AP-1) and their broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. In the present study, we explored the synergistic interactions between AP-1 and DOX in the MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells using different synergy quantitation models. Biochemometric and metabolomics-driven analysis was performed to identify the potential anticancer metabolites in AP-1. The molecular mechanisms of synergy were studied by analysing the apoptotic profile via flow cytometry, apoptotic proteome array and measuring the oxidative status of the MCF7 cells treated with the most synergistic combination. Furthermore, label-free quantification proteomics analysis was performed to decipher the underlying synergistic mechanisms. Five prenylated stilbenes were identified as the key metabolites in the most active AP-1 fraction. Strong synergy was observed when AP-1 was combined with DOX in the ratio of 100:0.29 (w/w) as validated by different synergy quantitation models implemented. AP-1 significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of DOX against MCF7 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner with significant inhibition of the reactive oxygen species (p < 0.0001) compared to DOX alone. AP-1 enabled the reversal of DOX-mediated necrosis to programmed cell death, which may be advantageous to decline DOX-related side effects. AP-1 also significantly enhanced the apoptotic effect of DOX after 24 h of treatment with significant upregulation of catalase, HTRA2/Omi, FADD together with DR5 and DR4 TRAIL-mediated apoptosis (p < 0.05), contributing to the antiproliferative activity of AP-1. Significant upregulation of pro-apoptotic p27, PON2 and catalase with downregulated anti-apoptotic XIAP, HSP60 and HIF-1α, and increased antioxidant proteins (catalase and PON2) may be associated with the improved apoptosis and oxidative status of the synergistic combination-treated MCF7 cells compared to the mono treatments. Shotgun proteomics identified 21 significantly dysregulated proteins in the synergistic combination-treated cells versus the mono treatments. These proteins were involved in the TP53/ATM-regulated non-homologous end-joining pathway and double-strand breaks repairs, recruiting the overexpressed BRCA1 and suppressed RIF1 encoded proteins. The overexpression of UPF2 was noticed in the synergistic combination treatment, which could assist in overcoming doxorubicin resistance-associated long non-coding RNA and metastasis of the MCF7 cells. In conclusion, we identified the significant synergy and highlighted the key molecular pathways in the interaction between AP-1 and DOX in the MCF7 cells together with the AP-1 anticancer metabolites. Further in vivo and clinical studies are warranted on this synergistic combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A. Alsherbiny
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (D.J.B.); (C.-G.L.)
| | - Deep J. Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (D.J.B.); (C.-G.L.)
| | - Ibrahim Radwan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia;
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
| | - Chun-Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (D.J.B.); (C.-G.L.)
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Tan J, Guo W, Yang S, Han D, Li H. The multiple roles and therapeutic potential of clusterin in non-small-cell lung cancer: a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:2683-2697. [PMID: 34295670 PMCID: PMC8264340 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, lung cancer is the most common form of cancer, with an estimated 2.09 million new cases and 1.76 million of death cause in 2018. It is categorized into two subtypes, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although platinum-based chemotherapy or molecular targeted drugs is recommended for advanced stages of NSCLC patients, however, resistance to drug and chemotherapy are hindrances for patients to fully beneficial from these treatments. Clusterin (CLU), also known as apolipoprotein J, is a versatile chaperone molecule which produced by a wide array of tissues and found in most biologic fluids. There are studies reported high expression of CLU confers resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in different lung cancer cell lines. By silencing CLU using Custirsen (OGX-011), a second-generation antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) that inhibits CLU production, not only could sensitized cells to chemo- and radiotherapy, also could decreased their metastatic potential. We will review here the extensive literature linking CLU to NSCLC, update the current state of research on CLU for better understanding of this unique protein and the development of more effective anti- CLU treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juofang Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingpei Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hecheng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Clusterin role in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with oxaliplatin. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222073. [PMID: 32039450 PMCID: PMC7033306 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore the prognostic value of clusterin (CLU) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with oxaliplatin (OXA). Methods: Relative expression of plasma CLU mRNA was examined via fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and CLU protein level in tissue samples was detected through immunohistochemistry. Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between CLU mRNA expression and clinical features of HCC patients treated with OXA. Kaplan–Meier method was performed to assess overall survival for the patients, and prognostic value of CLU in HCC patients was estimated via Cox regression analysis. Results:CLU expression in plasma and tissue specimens was significantly higher among HCC patients than in non-malignant controls (P < 0.001 for both). Moreover, elevated CLU mRNA was closely related to tumor stage, lymph node metastasis and response to OXA (P < 0.05). HCC patients with high CLU expression showed poor response to OXA. In addition, low CLU levels predicted long overall survival time among the study subjects (20.8 vs. 36.6 months, P < 0.001). CLU was an independent prognostic indicator for HCC patients treated with OXA (HR = 2.587, 95%CI = 1.749–3.828, P < 0.001). Conclusion:CLU may be a novel prognostic marker for HCC patients treated with OXA.
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Chen QF, Chang L, Su Q, Zhao Y, Kong B. Clinical importance of serum secreted clusterin in predicting invasive breast cancer and treatment responses. Bioengineered 2021; 12:278-285. [PMID: 33356806 PMCID: PMC8806267 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1868732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced serum secreted clusterin (sCLU) protein was associated with progression, poor prognosis and chemotherapy sensitivity evaluation in malignant patients. However, the clinical significance of serum sCLU protein levels in patients with invasive breast cancer (IBC) is unknown. In this study, the serum sCLU protein in 2648 patients with IBC was detected. The diagnostic value and treatment responses of serum sCLU protein in patients with IBC were also performed. The results showed that the serum sCLU protein level was significantly higher in IBC patients compared to the healthy controls (P < 0.0001), and strongly correlated with higher clinical tumor stage (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), shorter overall survival (OS) (P = 0.032) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.029), respectively. Using the cutoff value of 18.46 μg/mL, the sensitivity and specificity were 86.26% and 73.46% to separate IBC patients from noncancerous and healthy controls. The postoperative patients showed lower serum sCLU levels compared to the preoperative patients (P = 0.003). The chemoresistant patients showed higher serum sCLU levels compared to the chemosensitive patients (P < 0.001). These data indicated that serum sCLU levels are effective indicators for diagnosis and chemotherapy sensitivity evaluation in patients with IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Feng Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
| | - Qun Su
- Department of Clinical Lab, The Affiliated Hospital of Guanxi Medical University , Nanning, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Clinical Lab, The Affiliated Hospital of Guanxi Medical University , Nanning, China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
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Rizzo M. Mechanisms of docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer: The key role played by miRNAs. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188481. [PMID: 33217485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the main problems with the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer is that, despite an initial positive response, the majority of patients develop resistance and progress. In particular, the resistance to docetaxel, the gold standard therapy for metastatic prostate cancer since 2010, represents one of the main factors responsible for the failure of prostate cancer therapy. According to the present knowledge, different processes contribute to the appearance of docetaxel resistance and non-coding RNA seems to play a relevant role in them. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the miRNA network involved in docetaxel resistance is described, highlighting the pathway/s affected by their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Rizzo
- Non-coding RNA Group, Functional Genetics and Genomics Lab, Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), CNR, Pisa, Italy.
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Javanmard SH, Vaseghi G, Ghasemi A, Rafiee L, Ferns GA, Esfahani HN, Nedaeinia R. Therapeutic inhibition of microRNA-21 (miR-21) using locked-nucleic acid (LNA)-anti-miR and its effects on the biological behaviors of melanoma cancer cells in preclinical studies. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:384. [PMID: 32788885 PMCID: PMC7418194 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is a cancer that has a high mortality rate in the absence of targeted therapy. Conventional therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are associated with poor prognosis. The expression of miR-21 appears to be of clinical importance, and the regulation of its expression appears to be an opportunity for treatment. METHODS In this current study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of miR-21 inhibition in- vitro and in-vivo. In-vitro studies have investigated LNA-anti-miR-21 in mouse melanoma cells (B16F10), and in-vivo studies have proposed a model of melanoma in male C57BL/6 mice. To evaluate the anticancer effects of LNA-anti-miR-21, a QRT-PCR analysis was performed using the 2-ΔΔCT method to determine the degree of inhibition of oncomiR-21. The MTT test, propidium iodide/AnnexinV in-vitro, and tumor volume measurement using the QRT-PCR test with the 2-ΔΔCT method were used to estimate the inhibition of miR-21 and the expression of downstream genes including: SNAI1, Nestin (Nes), Oct-4, and NF-kB following miR-21 inhibition. Finally, immunohistochemistry was conducted for an in-vivo animal study. RESULTS MiR-21 expression was inhibited by 80% after 24 h of B16F10 cell line transfection with LNA-anti-miR-21. The MTT test showed a significant reduction in the number of transfected cells with LNA-anti-miR-21. The transfected cells showed a significant increase in apoptosis in comparison with the control and scrambled LNA groups. According to our in vivo findings, anti-miR-21 could reduce tumor growth and volume in mice receiving intraperitoneal anti-miR after 9 days. The expression of the SNAI1gene was significantly reduced compared to the controls. Immunohistochemical analysis showed no change in CD133 and NF-kB markers. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest LNA-anti-miR-21 can be potentially used as an anticancer agent for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghasemi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Rafiee
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Department of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9PH Sussex UK
| | - Hajar Naji Esfahani
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Yang W, Khoury E, Guo Q, Prabhu SA, Emond A, Huang F, Gonçalves C, Zhan Y, Plourde D, Nichol JN, Dahabieh MS, Miller WH, Del Rincón SV. MNK1 signaling induces an ANGPTL4-mediated gene signature to drive melanoma progression. Oncogene 2020; 39:3650-3665. [PMID: 32132651 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The BRAFV600E mutation occurs in more than 50% of cutaneous melanomas, and results in the constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway. MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and 2 (MNK1/2) are downstream effectors of the activated MAPK pathway, and important molecular targets in invasive and metastatic cancer. Despite the well-known role of MNK1 in regulating mRNA translation, little is known concerning the impact of its aberrant activation on gene transcription. Here, we show that changes in the activity, or abundance, of MNK1 result in changes in the expression of pro-oncogenic and pro-invasive genes. Among the MNK1-upregulated genes, we identify Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), which in turn promotes an invasive phenotype via its ability to induce the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Using a pharmacologic inhibitor of MNK1/2, SEL201, we demonstrate that BRAFV600E-mutated cutaneous melanoma cells are reliant on MNK1/2 for invasion and lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Yang
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elie Khoury
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Qianyu Guo
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sathyen A Prabhu
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey Emond
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Fan Huang
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christophe Gonçalves
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yao Zhan
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dany Plourde
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica N Nichol
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael S Dahabieh
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Wilson H Miller
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Rossy Cancer Network, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Sonia Victoria Del Rincón
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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13
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Wang X, Yu Y, Zang L, Zhang P, Ma J, Chen D. Targeting Clusterin Induces Apoptosis, Reduces Growth Ability and Invasion and Mediates Sensitivity to Chemotherapy in Human Osteosarcoma Cells. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:131-139. [PMID: 31433751 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190821151120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of sCLU in relation to the
clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with untreated High-Grade Osteosarcoma
(HGOS) and to evaluate sCLU as a target for osteosarcoma (OS) therapies.
Methods:
The expression of sCLU in 98 patients of HGOS enrolled from April 2005 to March 2015 at
the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The sCLU expression,
clinical data and survival were compared. siRNA-mediated sCLU gene silencing on cell apoptosis,
viability, invasion and chemosensitivity to doxorubicin in U2OS cells in vitro was evaluated.
Results:
sCLU expression was found in 59 (60%) of the 98 patients. A positive correlation was observed
between sCLU expression and metastatic disease (P = 0.036) and a negative correlation between
sCLU expression and response to chemotherapy (P = 0.002). Targeting sCLU expression in
U2OS cells induced significant reduction in cellular growth and higher rates of spontaneous endogenous
apoptosis. In addition, targeting sCLU expression inhibited the invasion of U2OS cells. Furthermore,
targeting sCLU expression significantly sensitized to chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin.
Conclusions:
The overexpression of sCLU was significantly correlated with metastasis and chemosensitivity
in patients with HGOS. sCLU may be a promising therapeutic or chemopreventive target for
human OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Lingna Zang
- Department of PET-CT, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Jinfeng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
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14
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Woods-Burnham L, Stiel L, Martinez SR, Sanchez-Hernandez ES, Ruckle HC, Almaguel FG, Stern MC, Roberts LR, Williams DR, Montgomery S, Casiano CA. Psychosocial Stress, Glucocorticoid Signaling, and Prostate Cancer Health Disparities in African American Men. CANCER HEALTH DISPARITIES 2020; 4:https://companyofscientists.com/index.php/chd/article/view/169/188. [PMID: 35252767 PMCID: PMC8896511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of racial disparities in prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality that disproportionately affect African American (AA) men have provided important insights into the psychosocial, socioeconomic, environmental, and molecular contributors. There is, however, limited mechanistic knowledge of how the interplay between these determinants influences prostate tumor aggressiveness in AA men and other men of African ancestry. Growing evidence indicates that chronic psychosocial stress in AA populations leads to sustained glucocorticoid signaling through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), with negative physiological and pathological consequences. Compelling evidence indicates that treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with anti-androgen therapy activates GR signaling. This enhanced GR signaling bypasses androgen receptor (AR) signaling and transcriptionally activates both AR-target genes and GR-target genes, resulting in increased prostate tumor resistance to anti-androgen therapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Given its enhanced signaling in AA men, GR-together with specific genetic drivers-may promote CRPC progression and exacerbate tumor aggressiveness in this population, potentially contributing to PCa mortality disparities. Ongoing and future CRPC clinical trials that combine standard of care therapies with GR modulators should assess racial differences in therapy response and clinical outcomes in order to improve PCa health disparities that continue to exist for AA men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Woods-Burnham
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Laura Stiel
- Loma Linda University School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Shannalee R. Martinez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Evelyn S. Sanchez-Hernandez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Herbert C. Ruckle
- Department of Surgical Urology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Frankis G. Almaguel
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Mariana C. Stern
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Urology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lisa R. Roberts
- Loma Linda University School of Nursing, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - David R. Williams
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University School of Public Health
| | - Susanne Montgomery
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Loma Linda University School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Carlos A. Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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15
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Artemaki PI, Sklirou AD, Kontos CK, Liosi AA, Gianniou DD, Papadopoulos IN, Trougakos IP, Scorilas A. High clusterin (CLU) mRNA expression levels in tumors of colorectal cancer patients predict a poor prognostic outcome. Clin Biochem 2020; 75:62-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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What sustains the multidrug resistance phenotype beyond ABC efflux transporters? Looking beyond the tip of the iceberg. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 46:100643. [PMID: 31493711 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Identification of multidrug (MDR) efflux transporters that belong to the ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) superfamily, represented an important breakthrough for understanding cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) and its possible overcoming. However, recent data indicate that drug resistant cells have a complex intracellular physiology that involves constant changes in energetic and oxidative-reductive metabolic pathways, as well as in the molecular circuitries connecting mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomes. The aim of this review is to discuss the key molecular mechanisms of cellular reprogramming that induce and maintain MDR, beyond the presence of MDR efflux transporters. We specifically highlight how cancer cells characterized by high metabolic plasticity - i.e. cells able to shift the energy metabolism between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, to survive both the normoxic and hypoxic conditions, to modify the cytosolic and mitochondrial oxidative-reductive metabolism, are more prone to adapt to exogenous stressors such as anti-cancer drugs and acquire a MDR phenotype. Similarly, we discuss how changes in mitochondria dynamics and mitophagy rates, changes in proteome stability ensuring non-oncogenic proteostatic mechanisms, changes in ubiquitin/proteasome- and autophagy/lysosome-related pathways, promote the cellular survival under stress conditions, along with the acquisition or maintenance of MDR. After dissecting the complex intracellular crosstalk that takes place during the development of MDR, we suggest that mapping the specific adaptation pathways underlying cell survival in response to stress and targeting these pathways with potent pharmacologic agents may be a new approach to enhance therapeutic efficacy against MDR tumors.
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17
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Tan S, Khumalo N, Bayat A. Understanding Keloid Pathobiology From a Quasi-Neoplastic Perspective: Less of a Scar and More of a Chronic Inflammatory Disease With Cancer-Like Tendencies. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1810. [PMID: 31440236 PMCID: PMC6692789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloids are considered as benign fibroproliferative skin tumors growing beyond the site of the original dermal injury. Although traditionally viewed as a form of skin scarring, keloids display many cancer-like characteristics such as progressive uncontrolled growth, lack of spontaneous regression and extremely high rates of recurrence. Phenotypically, keloids are consistent with non-malignant dermal tumors that are due to the excessive overproduction of collagen which never metastasize. Within the remit of keloid pathobiology, there is increasing evidence for the various interplay of neoplastic-promoting and suppressing factors, which may explain its aggressive clinical behavior. Amongst the most compelling parallels between keloids and cancer are their shared cellular bioenergetics, epigenetic methylation profiles and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition amongst other disease biological (genotypic and phenotypic) behaviors. This review explores the quasi-neoplastic or cancer-like properties of keloids and highlights areas for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvian Tan
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Centre for Dermatology Research, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nonhlanhla Khumalo
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Centre for Dermatology Research, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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18
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Bertacchini J, Mediani L, Beretti F, Guida M, Ghalali A, Brugnoli F, Bertagnolo V, Petricoin E, Poti F, Arioli J, Anselmi L, Bari A, McCubrey J, Martelli AM, Cocco L, Capitani S, Marmiroli S. Clusterin enhances AKT2-mediated motility of normal and cancer prostate cells through a PTEN and PHLPP1 circuit. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:11188-11199. [PMID: 30565691 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is a chaperone-like protein with multiple functions. sCLU is frequently upregulated in prostate tumor cells after chemo- or radiotherapy and after surgical or pharmacological castration. Moreover, CLU has been documented to modulate the cellular homolog of murine thymoma virus akt8 oncogene (AKT) activity. Here, we investigated how CLU overexpression influences phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling in human normal and cancer epithelial prostate cells. Human prostate cells stably transfected with CLU were broadly profiled by reverse phase protein array (RPPA), with particular emphasis on the PI3K/AKT pathway. The effect of CLU overexpression on normal and cancer cell motility was also tested. Our results clearly indicate that CLU overexpression enhances phosphorylation of AKT restricted to isoform 2. Mechanistically, this can be explained by the finding that the phosphatase PH domain leucine-rich repeat-containing protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1), known to dephosphorylate AKT2 at S474, is markedly downregulated by CLU, whereas miR-190, a negative regulator of PHLPP1, is upregulated. Moreover, we found that phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was heavily phosphorylated at the inhibitory site S380, contributing to the hyperactivation of AKT signaling. By keeping AKT2 phosphorylation high, CLU dramatically enhances the migratory behavior of prostate epithelial cell lines with different migratory and invasive phenotypes, namely prostate normal epithelial 1A (PNT1A) and prostatic carcinoma 3 (PC3) cells. Altogether, our results unravel for the first time a circuit by which CLU can switch a low migration phenotype toward a high migration phenotype, through miR-190-dependent downmodulation of PHLPP1 expression and, in turn, stabilization of AKT2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Mediani
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Beretti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, Dentistry, and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marianna Guida
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Aram Ghalali
- Institute of Environment Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federica Brugnoli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Bertagnolo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emanuel Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics & Molecular Medicine, GMU, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Francesco Poti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery-Unit of Neurosciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Jessica Arioli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Anselmi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Bari
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical Medicine and Public Health, Program of Innovative Therapy in Oncology and Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - James McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvano Capitani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sandra Marmiroli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Baş E, Nazıroğlu M. Treatment with melatonin and selenium attenuates docetaxel-induced apoptosis and oxidative injury in kidney and testes of mice. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13320. [PMID: 31131920 DOI: 10.1111/and.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX) has been used in cancer treatments for several decades, but it results in many adverse apoptotic effects through excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in some tissue including the kidney and testes. We aimed to investigate potential modulatory roles of melatonin (MEL) and selenium (Se) against DTX-induced apoptosis and oxidative injury in the testes and kidney of mice. Thirty-two mice were divided into four equal groups as control, DTX, DTX + MEL and DTX + Se. DTX group was treated with a single intraperitoneal dose of DTX. After DTX treatment, MEL and Se were administered to the mice in the DTX + MEL and DTX + Se groups for 7 days respectively. Increased lipid peroxidation, ROS, apoptosis, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities in the kidney and testes of the DTX group were diminished by treatment with MEL and Se. DTX-induced decreases in vitamin E (α- and γ-tocopherol), glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione levels in the kidney and testis were increased following MEL and Se treatments. In conclusion, our data show that MEL and Se can act as modulators against DTX-induced apoptosis and oxidative damage in the kidney and testis through up-regulation of glutathione and vitamin E and down-regulation of caspase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Baş
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.,Drug Discovery Unit, BSN Health, Analysis and Innovation Ltd. Inc. Teknokent, Isparta, Turkey
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20
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Glucocorticoids Induce Stress Oncoproteins Associated with Therapy-Resistance in African American and European American Prostate Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15063. [PMID: 30305646 PMCID: PMC6180116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is emerging as a key driver of prostate cancer (PCa) progression and therapy resistance in the absence of androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Acting as a bypass mechanism, GR activates AR-regulated genes, although GR-target genes contributing to PCa therapy resistance remain to be identified. Emerging evidence also shows that African American (AA) men, who disproportionately develop aggressive PCa, have hypersensitive GR signaling linked to cumulative stressful life events. Using racially diverse PCa cell lines (MDA-PCa-2b, 22Rv1, PC3, and DU145) we examined the effects of glucocorticoids on the expression of two stress oncoproteins associated with PCa therapy resistance, Clusterin (CLU) and Lens Epithelium-Derived Growth Factor p75 (LEDGF/p75). We observed that glucocorticoids upregulated LEDGF/p75 and CLU in PCa cells. Blockade of GR activation abolished this upregulation. We also detected increased GR transcript expression in AA PCa tissues, compared to European American (EA) tissues, using Oncomine microarray datasets. These results demonstrate that glucocorticoids upregulate the therapy resistance-associated oncoproteins LEDGF/p75 and CLU, and suggest that this effect may be enhanced in AA PCa. This study provides an initial framework for understanding the contribution of glucocorticoid signaling to PCa health disparities.
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21
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RNA sequencing reveals upregulation of a transcriptomic program associated with stemness in metastatic prostate cancer cells selected for taxane resistance. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30363-30384. [PMID: 30100995 PMCID: PMC6084384 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) develop resistance to conventional therapies including docetaxel (DTX). Identifying molecular pathways underlying DTX resistance is critical for developing novel combinatorial therapies to prevent or reverse this resistance. To identify transcriptomic signatures associated with acquisition of chemoresistance we profiled gene expression in DTX-sensitive and -resistant mCRPC cells using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). PC3 and DU145 cells were selected for DTX resistance and this phenotype was validated by immunoblotting using DTX resistance markers (e.g. clusterin, ABCB1/P-gp, and LEDGF/p75). Overlapping genes differentially regulated in the DTX-sensitive and -resistant cells were ranked by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and validated to correlate transcript with protein expression. GSEA revealed that genes associated with cancer stem cells (CSC) (e.g., NES, TSPAN8, DPPP, DNAJC12, and MYC) were highly ranked and comprised 70% of the top 25 genes differentially upregulated in the DTX-resistant cells. Established markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and CSCs were used to evaluate the stemness of adherent DTX-resistant cells (2D cultures) and tumorspheres (3D cultures). Increased formation and frequency of cells expressing CSC markers were detected in DTX-resistant cells. DU145-DR cells showed a 2-fold increase in tumorsphere formation and increased DTX resistance compared to DU145-DR 2D cultures. These results demonstrate the induction of a transcriptomic program associated with stemness in mCRPC cells selected for DTX resistance, and strengthen the emerging body of evidence implicating CSCs in this process. In addition, they provide additional candidate genes and molecular pathways for potential therapeutic targeting to overcome DTX resistance.
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22
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Ming X, Bao C, Hong T, Yang Y, Chen X, Jung YS, Qian Y. Clusterin, a Novel DEC1 Target, Modulates DNA Damage-Mediated Cell Death. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1641-1651. [PMID: 30002194 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Differentiated embryonic chondrocyte expressed gene 1 (DEC1, also known as Sharp2/Stra13/BHLHE40) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that plays an important role in circadian rhythms, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cellular senescence, hypoxia response, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells. Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is a cytoprotective protein that guards against genotoxic stresses. Here, clusterin (CLU) was identified as a novel target gene of DEC1 and suppresses DNA damage-induced cell death in tumor cells. Mechanistically, based on chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays, DEC1 binds to and activates the promoter of the CLU gene. DEC1 and DNA-damaging agents induce sCLU expression, whereas DEC1 knockdown decreases the expression of sCLU upon DNA damage. Moreover, the data demonstrate that DEC1 inhibits, whereas sCLU knockdown enhances, DNA damage-induced cell death in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Given that DEC1 and sCLU are frequently overexpressed in breast cancers, these data provide mechanistic insight into DEC1 as a prosurvival factor by upregulating sCLU to reduce the DNA damage-induced apoptotic response. Together, this study reveals sCLU as a novel target of DEC1 which modulates the sensitivity of the DNA damage response.Implications: DEC1 and sCLU are frequently overexpressed in breast cancer, and targeting the sCLU-mediated cytoprotective signaling pathway may be a novel therapeutic approach. Mol Cancer Res; 16(11); 1641-51. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ming
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chenyi Bao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Hong
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinbin Chen
- The Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Yong-Sam Jung
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yingjuan Qian
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Abdallah BM, Alzahrani AM, Kassem M. Secreted Clusterin protein inhibits osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by suppressing ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Bone 2018; 110:221-229. [PMID: 29476977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Secreted Clusterin (sCLU, also known as Apolipoprotein J) is an anti-apoptotic glycoprotein involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, lipid transport, extracellular tissue remodeling and apoptosis. sCLU is expressed and secreted by mouse bone marrow-derived skeletal (stromal or mesenchymal) stem cells (mBMSCs), but its functional role in MSC biology is not known. In this study, we demonstrated that Clusterin mRNA expression and protein secretion in conditioned medium increased during adipocyte differentiation and decreased during osteoblast differentiation of mBMSCs. Treatment of mBMSC cultures with recombinant sCLU protein increased cell proliferation and exerted an inhibitory effect on the osteoblast differentiation while stimulated adipocyte differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. siRNA-mediated silencing of Clu expression in mBMSCs reduced adipocyte differentiation and stimulated osteoblast differentiation of mBMSCs. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of sCLU on the osteoblast differentiation of mBMSCs was mediated by the suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. In conclusion, we identified sCLU as a regulator of mBMSCs lineage commitment to osteoblasts versus adipocytes through a mechanism mediated by ERK1/2 signaling. Inhibiting sCLU is a possible therapeutic approach for enhancing osteoblast differentiation and consequently bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M Abdallah
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia; Endocrine Research (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Abdullah M Alzahrani
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Endocrine Research (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Ríos-Colón L, Cajigas-Du Ross CK, Basu A, Elix C, Alicea-Polanco I, Sanchez TW, Radhakrishnan V, Chen CS, Casiano CA. Targeting the stress oncoprotein LEDGF/p75 to sensitize chemoresistant prostate cancer cells to taxanes. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24915-24931. [PMID: 28212536 PMCID: PMC5421899 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with chronic prostate inflammation resulting in activation of stress and pro-survival pathways that contribute to disease progression and chemoresistance. The stress oncoprotein lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 (LEDGF/p75), also known as DFS70 autoantigen, promotes cellular survival against environmental stressors, including oxidative stress, radiation, and cytotoxic drugs. Furthermore, LEDGF/p75 overexpression in PCa and other cancers has been associated with features of tumor aggressiveness, including resistance to cell death and chemotherapy. We report here that the endogenous levels of LEDGF/p75 are upregulated in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) cells selected for resistance to the taxane drug docetaxel (DTX). These cells also showed resistance to the taxanes cabazitaxel (CBZ) and paclitaxel (PTX), but not to the classical inducer of apoptosis TRAIL. Silencing LEDGF/p75 effectively sensitized taxane-resistant PC3 and DU145 cells to DTX and CBZ, as evidenced by a significant decrease in their clonogenic potential. While TRAIL induced apoptotic blebbing, caspase-3 processing, and apoptotic LEDGF/p75 cleavage, which leads to its inactivation, in both taxane-resistant and -sensitive PC3 and DU145 cells, treatment with DTX and CBZ failed to robustly induce these signature apoptotic events. These observations suggested that taxanes induce both caspase-dependent and -independent cell death in mCRPC cells, and that maintaining the structural integrity of LEDGF/p75 is critical for its role in promoting taxane-resistance. Our results further establish LEDGF/p75 as a stress oncoprotein that plays an important role in taxane-resistance in mCRPC cells, possibly by antagonizing drug-induced caspase-independent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslimar Ríos-Colón
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Christina K Cajigas-Du Ross
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Anamika Basu
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Catherine Elix
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Ivana Alicea-Polanco
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Tino W Sanchez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Vinodh Radhakrishnan
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Chien-Shing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Carlos A Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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Cell death-based treatments of melanoma:conventional treatments and new therapeutic strategies. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:112. [PMID: 29371600 PMCID: PMC5833861 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of malignant melanoma has continued to rise during the past decades. However, in the last few years, treatment protocols have significantly been improved thanks to a better understanding of the key oncogenes and signaling pathways involved in its pathogenesis and progression. Anticancer therapy would either kill tumor cells by triggering apoptosis or permanently arrest them in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Unfortunately, melanoma is often refractory to commonly used anticancer drugs. More recently, however, some new anticancer strategies have been developed that are “external” to cancer cells, for example stimulating the immune system’s response or inhibiting angiogenesis. In fact, the increasing knowledge of melanoma pathogenetic mechanisms, in particular the discovery of genetic mutations activating specific oncogenes, stimulated the development of molecularly targeted therapies, a form of treatment in which a drug (chemical or biological) is developed with the goal of exclusively destroying cancer cells by interfering with specific molecules that drive growth and spreading of the tumor. Again, after the initial exciting results associated with targeted therapy, tumor resistance and/or relapse of the melanoma lesion have been observed. Hence, very recently, new therapeutic strategies based on the modulation of the immune system function have been developed. Since cancer cells are known to be capable of evading immune-mediated surveillance, i.e., to block the immune system cell activity, a series of molecular strategies, including monoclonal antibodies, have been developed in order to “release the brakes” on the immune system igniting immune reactivation and hindering metastatic melanoma cell growth. In this review we analyze the various biological strategies underlying conventional chemotherapy as well as the most recently developed targeted therapies and immunotherapies, pointing at the molecular mechanisms of cell injury and death engaged by the different classes of therapeutic agents.
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Samson AAS, Park S, Kim SY, Min DH, Jeon NL, Song JM. Liposomal co-delivery-based quantitative evaluation of chemosensitivity enhancement in breast cancer stem cells by knockdown of GRP78/CLU. J Liposome Res 2018; 29:44-52. [PMID: 29262741 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2017.1420081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy is a key factor in the inefficacy of various forms of treatments for cancer. In the present study, chemo-resistant proteins, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78)/clusterin (CLU) targeted 1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-trimethylammoniumpropane (DOTAP) liposomes, were developed as a delivery system for co-delivery of camptothecin (CPT) and GRP78 siRNA/CLU siRNA. Their drug/gene co-deliveries were quantitatively assessed in cancer stem cells (CSC) and MCF-7 cells. DOTAP-CPT/siRNA were prepared via electrostatic interaction on GRP78 siRNA or CLU siRNA. The size and ζ-potential of liposomes and lipoplexes were measured by dynamic light scattering techniques and electrophoretic light scattering spectrophotometry. The lipoplexes formation was tested by using gel electrophoresis. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the expression level of CLU and GRP78 were significantly elevated in CSC compared to MCF-7 cells. Transfection and drug-delivery efficiency of DOTAP-CPT/siRNA were quantitatively compared with Lipofectamine 2000. Compared to free CPT, DOTAP-CPT-siCLU delivery in CSC and MCF-7 cells increased transfection efficiency and chemo-sensitivity by 4.1- and 5.9-fold, respectively. On the other hand, DOTAP-CPT-siGRP78 delivery increased transfection efficiency and chemo sensitivity by 4.4- and 6.2-fold in CSC and MCF-7 cells, respectively, compared to free CPT. It is significant that 3 ± 1.2-fold increase in transfection efficiency was achieved by lipofectamine. Consequently, an increase in anti-cancer/gene silencing efficacy was quantitatively observed as an effect of DOTAP-CPT/siRNA treatment, which was relatively higher than lipofectamine treatment. Conclusively, our experimental data quantitatively demonstrate that using DOTAP-CPT-siRNA specifically targeting (CSCs) chemo-resistant protein in vitro offers substantial potential for synergistic anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Solji Park
- a College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Sung-Yon Kim
- b Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Dal-Hee Min
- c Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- d School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Joon Myong Song
- a College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
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27
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Kim MJ, Choi MY, Lee DH, Roh GS, Kim HJ, Kang SS, Cho GJ, Kim YS, Choi WS. O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase enhances secretory clusterin expression via liver X receptors and sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 9:4625-4636. [PMID: 29435130 PMCID: PMC5797001 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) expression is increased in various cancer types, indicating the potential importance of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis. Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. Here, we found that sCLU is significantly increased in cervical cancer cell lines, which have higher expression levels of O-GlcNAc and OGT than keratinocytes. OGT knockdown decreased expression of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU through hypo-O-GlcNAcylation of LXRs. Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. Moreover, OGT knockdown induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and late apoptosis in cisplatin-treated HeLa cells, and decreased viability compared to OGT intact HeLa cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that OGT, O-GlcNAcylated LXRs, and SREBP-1 increase sCLU expression in cervical cancer cells, which contributes to drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Young Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Jae Cho
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sook Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Sung Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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28
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Clusterin inhibition mediates sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in human cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:702-716. [PMID: 28471806 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1983, the protein clusterin (CLU) has been isolated from almost all human tissues and fluids and linked to the development of different physiopathological processes, including carcinogenesis and tumor progression. During the last few years, several studies have shown the cytoprotective role of secretory CLU in tumor cells, inhibiting their apoptosis and enhancing their resistance to conventional treatments including hormone depletion, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. In an effort to determine the therapeutic potential that the inhibition of this protein could have on the development of new strategies for cancer treatment, numerous studies have been carried out in this field, with results, in most cases, satisfactory but sometimes contradictory. In this document, we summarize for the first time the current knowledge of the effects that CLU inhibition has on sensitizing tumor cells to conventional cancer treatments and discuss its importance in the development of new strategies against cancer.
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29
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Khan S, Simpson J, Lynch JC, Turay D, Mirshahidi S, Gonda A, Sanchez TW, Casiano CA, Wall NR. Racial differences in the expression of inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) proteins in extracellular vesicles (EV) from prostate cancer patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183122. [PMID: 28981528 PMCID: PMC5628787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
African-American men with prostate cancer typically develop more aggressive tumors than men from other racial/ethnic groups, resulting in a disproportionately high mortality from this malignancy. This study evaluated differences in the expression of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), a known family of oncoproteins, in blood-derived exosomal vesicles (EV) between African-American and European-American men with prostate cancer. The ExoQuick™ method was used to isolate EV from both plasma and sera of African-American (n = 41) and European-American (n = 31) men with prostate cancer, as well as from controls with no cancer diagnosis (n = 10). EV preparations were quantified by acetylcholinesterase activity assays, and assessed for their IAP content by Western blotting and densitometric analysis. Circulating levels of the IAP Survivin were evaluated by ELISA. We detected a significant increase in the levels of circulating Survivin in prostate cancer patients compared to controls (P<0.01), with the highest levels in African-American patients (P<0.01). African-American patients with prostate cancer also contained significantly higher amounts of EVs in their plasma (P<0.01) and sera (P<0.05) than European-American patients. In addition, EVs from African-American patients with prostate cancer contained significantly higher amounts of the IAPs Survivin (P<0.05), XIAP (P<0.001), and cIAP-2 (P<0.01) than EVs from European-American patients. There was no significant correlation between expression of IAPs and clinicopathological parameters in the two patient groups. Increased expression of IAPs in EVs from African-American patients with prostate cancer may influence tumor aggressiveness and contribute to the mortality disparity observed in this patient population. EVs could serve as reservoirs of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets that may have clinical utility in reducing prostate cancer health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Khan
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Jennifer Simpson
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - James C. Lynch
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - David Turay
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Saied Mirshahidi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Cancer Center and Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Amber Gonda
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Tino W. Sanchez
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Carlos A. Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Nathan R. Wall
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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Butera G, Pacchiana R, Donadelli M. Autocrine mechanisms of cancer chemoresistance. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 78:3-12. [PMID: 28751251 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An ever-increasing number of studies highlight the role of cancer secretome in the modification of tumour microenvironment and in the acquisition of cancer cell resistance to therapeutic drugs. The knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between cancer cell-secreted factors and chemoresistance is becoming fundamental for the identification of novel anticancer therapeutic strategies overcoming drug resistance and novel prognostic secreted biomarkers. In this review, we summarize the novel findings concerning the regulation of secreted molecules by cancer cells compromising drug sensitivity. In particular, we highlight data from available literature describing the involvement of cancer cell-secreted molecules determining chemoresistance in an autocrine manner, including: i) growth factors; ii) glycoproteins; iii) inflammatory cytokines; iv) enzymes and chaperones; and v) tumor-derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Clusterin expression in medullary thyroid carcinoma is inversely correlated with the presence of lymph node metastases. Hum Pathol 2017; 64:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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32
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Matukumalli SR, Tangirala R, Rao CM. Clusterin: full-length protein and one of its chains show opposing effects on cellular lipid accumulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41235. [PMID: 28120874 PMCID: PMC5264606 DOI: 10.1038/srep41235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins, made up of either single or multiple chains, are designed to carry out specific biological functions. We found an interesting example of a two-chain protein where administration of one of its chains leads to a diametrically opposite outcome than that reported for the full-length protein. Clusterin is a highly glycosylated protein consisting of two chains, α- and β-clusterin. We have investigated the conformational features, cellular localization, lipid accumulation, in vivo effects and histological changes upon administration of recombinant individual chains of clusterin. We demonstrate that recombinant α- and β-chains exhibit structural and functional differences and differ in their sub-cellular localization. Full-length clusterin is known to lower lipid levels. In contrast, we find that β-chain-treated cells accumulate 2-fold more lipid than controls. Interestingly, α-chain-treated cells do not show such increase. Rabbits injected with β-chain, but not α-chain, show ~40% increase in weight, with adipocyte hypertrophy, liver and kidney steatosis. Many, sometimes contrasting, roles are ascribed to clusterin in obesity, metabolic syndrome and related conditions. Our findings of differential localization and activities of individual chains of clusterin should help in understanding better the roles of clusterin in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C. M. Rao
- CSIR- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
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Mezencev R, Matyunina LV, Wagner GT, McDonald JF. Acquired resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to cisplatin is multifactorial with cell context-dependent involvement of resistance genes. Cancer Gene Ther 2016; 23:446-453. [PMID: 27910856 PMCID: PMC5159445 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2016.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal of malignancies, in large measure, due to the propensity of PDAC cells to acquire resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. A better understanding of the molecular basis of acquired resistance is a major focus of contemporary PDAC research. We report here the results of a study to independently develop cisplatin resistance in two distinct parental PDAC cell lines, AsPC1 and BxPC3, and to subsequently examine the molecular mechanisms associated with the acquired resistance. Cisplatin resistance in both resistant cell lines was found to be multifactorial and to be associated with mechanisms related to drug transport, drug inactivation, DNA damage response, DNA repair and the modulation of apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that the two resistant cell lines employed alternative molecular strategies in acquiring resistance dictated, in part, by pre-existing molecular differences between the parental cell lines. Collectively, our findings indicate that strategies to inhibit or reverse acquired resistance of PDAC cells to cisplatin, and perhaps other chemotherapeutic agents, may not be generalized but will require individual molecular profiling and analysis to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mezencev
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, and Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L V Matyunina
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, and Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - G T Wagner
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, and Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J F McDonald
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, and Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Matsunaga T, Saito H, Endo S, Iguchi K, Soda M, El-Kabbani O, Hara A, Ikari A. Roles of aldo-keto reductases 1B10 and 1C3 and ATP-binding cassette transporter in docetaxel tolerance. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:1296-1308. [PMID: 27629782 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1236373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX) is widely used for treatment of inveterate lung and prostate cancers, but its continuous administration elicits the hyposensitivity. Here, we established the DTX-resistant variants of human lung cancer A549 and androgen-independent prostate cancer Du145 cells and found that the resistance development provoked aberrant up-regulations of aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1B10 and AKR1C3 in A549 and Du145 cells, respectively. In addition, the sensitivity to the DTX toxicity was significantly decreased and increased by overexpression and knockdown of the two AKR isoforms, respectively. Furthermore, the resistant cells exhibited a decreased level of reactive 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal formed during DTX treatment, and the decrease was alleviated by adding the AKR inhibitors, inferring that the two AKRs confer the chemoresistance through elevating the antioxidant properties. The development of DTX resistance was also associated with enhanced expression of an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCB1 among the ABC transporter isoforms. The combined treatment with inhibitors of the two AKRs and ABCB1 additively sensitized the resistant cells to DTX. Intriguingly, the AKR1B10 inhibitor also suppressed the lung cancer cross-resistance against cisplatin. The results suggest that combined treatment with AKRs (1B10 and 1C3) and ABCB1 inhibitors exerts overcoming effect against the cancer resistance to DTX and cisplatin, and can be used as the adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haruhi Saito
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University , Gifu , Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University , Gifu , Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iguchi
- b Laboratory of Community Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University , Gifu , Japan
| | - Midori Soda
- c Laboratory of Pharmaceutics , Gifu Pharmaceutical University , Gifu , Japan
| | | | - Akira Hara
- e Faculty of Engineering , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
| | - Akira Ikari
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University , Gifu , Japan
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Zhang J, Miao C, Xu A, Zhao K, Qin Z, Li X, Liang C, Hua Y, Chen W, Zhang C, Liu Y, Su S, Wang Z, Liu B. Prognostic Role of Secretory Clusterin in Multiple Human Malignant Neoplasms: A Meta-Analysis of 26 Immunohistochemistry Studies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161150. [PMID: 27532124 PMCID: PMC4988765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is a potential prognostic tumour biomarker, but results of different sCLU studies are inconsistent. We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the precise predictive value of sCLU. Qualified studies were identified by performing online searches in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. The selected articles were divided into three groups based on scoring method for clusterin detection. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for patient survival and disease recurrence were calculated to determine the correlation between sCLU expression and cancer prognosis. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics, and specific heterogeneity in different groups was analysed. Elevated sCLU was significantly associated with recurrence-free survival in groups 1 and 3 (group 1: pooled HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.79; group 3: pooled HR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.22 to 2.65). However, clusterin expression was not associated with overall survival in all three groups. Results showed that only the heterogeneity of group 2 was very strong (p = 0.013, I2 = 76.3%), in which the specimens were scored through sCLU staining intensity only. sCLU is a potential biomarker for tumour prognosis, and IHC methods can be more standardised if both intensity and staining proportion are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing. 210029, China
| | - Chenkui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing. 210029, China
| | - Aiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing. 210029, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing. 210029, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing. 210029, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing. 210029, China
| | - Chao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing. 210029, China
| | - Yibo Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing. 210029, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing. 210029, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing. 210029, China
| | - Yiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing. 210029, China
| | - Shifeng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing. 210029, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing. 210029, China
| | - Bianjiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing. 210029, China
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Therapeutic targeting of myeloid-derived suppressor cells involves a novel mechanism mediated by clusterin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29521. [PMID: 27405665 PMCID: PMC4942787 DOI: 10.1038/srep29521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) constitute a key checkpoint that impedes tumor immunity against cancer. Chemotherapeutic intervention of MDSCs has gained ground as a strategy for cancer therapy but its mechanism remains obscure.We report here a unique mechanism by which monocytic (M)-MDSCs are spared, allowing them to polarize towards M1 macrophages for reactivation of immunity against breast cancer. We first demonstrated that curcumin, like docetaxel (DTX), can selectively target CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6Clow granulocytic (G)-MDSCs, sparing CD11b+Ly6G−Ly6Chigh M-MDSCs, with reduced tumor burden in 4T1-Neu tumor-bearing mice. Curcumin treatment polarized surviving M-MDSCs toward CCR7+ Dectin-1−M1 cells, accompanied by IFN-γ production and cytolytic function in T cells. Selective M-MDSC chemoresistence to curcumin and DTX was mediated by secretory/cytoplasmic clusterin (sCLU). sCLU functions by trapping Bax from mitochondrial translocation, preventing the apoptotic cascade. Importantly, sCLU was only found in M-MDSCs but not in G-MDSCs. Knockdown of sCLU in M-MDSCs and RAW264.7 macrophages was found to reverse their natural chemoresistance. Clinically, breast cancer patients possess sCLU expression only in mature CD68+ macrophages but not in immature CD33+ immunosuppressive myeloid cells infiltrating the tumors. We thus made the seminal discovery that sCLU expression in M-MDSCs accounts for positive immunomodulation by chemotherapeutic agents.
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Fini ME, Bauskar A, Jeong S, Wilson MR. Clusterin in the eye: An old dog with new tricks at the ocular surface. Exp Eye Res 2016; 147:57-71. [PMID: 27131907 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional protein clusterin (CLU) was first described in 1983 as a secreted glycoprotein present in ram rete testis fluid that enhanced aggregation ('clustering') of a variety of cells in vitro. It was also independently discovered in a number of other systems. By the early 1990s, CLU was known under many names and its expression had been demonstrated throughout the body, including in the eye. Its homeostatic activities in proteostasis, cytoprotection, and anti-inflammation have been well documented, however its roles in health and disease are still not well understood. CLU is prominent at fluid-tissue interfaces, and in 1996 it was demonstrated to be the most highly expressed transcript in the human cornea, the protein product being localized to the apical layers of the mucosal epithelia of the cornea and conjunctiva. CLU protein is also present in human tears. Using a preclinical mouse model for desiccating stress that mimics human dry eye disease, the authors recently demonstrated that CLU prevents and ameliorates ocular surface barrier disruption by a remarkable sealing mechanism dependent on attainment of a critical all-or-none concentration in the tears. When the CLU level drops below the critical all-or-none threshold, the barrier becomes vulnerable to desiccating stress. CLU binds selectively to the ocular surface subjected to desiccating stress in vivo, and in vitro to LGALS3 (galectin-3), a key barrier component. Positioned in this way, CLU not only physically seals the ocular surface barrier, but it also protects the barrier cells and prevents further damage to barrier structure. CLU depletion from the ocular surface epithelia is seen in a variety of inflammatory conditions in humans and mice that lead to squamous metaplasia and a keratinized epithelium. This suggests that CLU might have a specific role in maintaining mucosal epithelial differentiation, an idea that can now be tested using the mouse model for desiccating stress. Most excitingly, the new findings suggest that CLU could serve as a novel biotherapeutic for dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Fini
- USC Institute for Genetic Medicine and Departments of Cell & Neurobiology and Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcatraz St., Suite 240, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9037, USA.
| | - Aditi Bauskar
- USC Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate Program in Medical Biology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcatraz St., Suite 240, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9037, USA.
| | - Shinwu Jeong
- USC Institute for Genetic Medicine and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcatraz St., Suite 240, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9037, USA.
| | - Mark R Wilson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522 Australia.
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Ding Z, Xu F, Li G, Tang J, Tang Z, Jiang P, Wu H. Knockdown of Akt2 expression by shRNA inhibits proliferation, enhances apoptosis, and increases chemosensitivity to paclitaxel in human colorectal cancer cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 71:383-8. [PMID: 25134663 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Akt2 overexpression correlates with chemoresistance of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the cellular functions and precise signals elicited by Akt2 in LSCC have not been elucidated. Here, we transfected a CRC cell line HCT116 with Akt-2 targeted shRNA in order to establish a cell line with Akt2 knockdown. In vitro experiments showed that knockdown Akt2 in HCT116 cells was associated with decrease in cell proliferation as well as enhanced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that Akt2 knockdown correlated with elevated chemosensitivity of HCT116 cells to paclitaxel. Importantly, we found that knockdown of AKt2 resulted in downregulation of MDR-1 and MRP-1. Our findings may lead to a better understanding of the biological effect of Akt2 and may provide mechanistic insights for developing potential therapeutic strategies targeting AKt2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Ding
- Department of Surgery, Nanjing Medical University affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214023, China
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Downregulation of clusterin mediates sensitivity to protein kinase inhibitors in breast cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 26:85-9. [PMID: 25144344 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) has been shown in clinical assays for cancer, but as isolated agents, they only have a modest effect. One of the most important characteristics of mitogen-activated PKIs is their ability to decrease the apoptotic threshold of cancer cells, sensitizing them to the action of other antiapoptotic agents. The secretory clusterin protein is an inhibitor of apoptosis with a cytoprotective function. We describe the use of clusterin-specific antisense oligonucleotides and siRNA to sensitize breast carcinoma cells to several PKIs. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with antisense oligonucleotide or siRNA to clusterin and the following PKIs: H-89, chelerythrine and genistein. The three inhibitors used in this study upregulated clusterin expression and treatments that included antisense oligonucleotide or siRNA to clusterin reduced the number of viable cells more effectively than did treatment with the drugs alone. Therefore, treatment with such combinations may benefit patients with breast cancer.
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Involvement of HMGB1 in Resistance to Tumor Vessel-Targeted, Monoclonal Antibody-Based Immunotherapy. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:3142365. [PMID: 26925422 PMCID: PMC4748100 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3142365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a member of the “danger associated molecular patterns” (DAMPs) than can localize in various compartments of the cell (from the nucleus to the cell surface) and subserve different functions accordingly. HMGB1 is implicated in maintenance of genomic stability, autophagy, immune regulation, and tumor growth. HMGB1-induced autophagy promotes tumor resistance to chemotherapy, as shown in different models of malignancy, for example, osteosarcoma, leukemia, and gastric cancer. To the best of our knowledge, there is virtually no information on the relationships between HMGB1 and resistance to immunotherapy. A recent study from our group has shed new light on this latter issue. We have demonstrated that targeting of tumor-derived endothelial cells with an anti-human CD31 monoclonal antibody in a human neuroblastoma model was unsuccessful due to a complex chain of events involving the participation of HMGB1. These results are discussed in detail since they provide the first evidence for a role of HMGB1 in resistance of tumor cells to monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy.
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miRNA-378 reverses chemoresistance to cisplatin in lung adenocarcinoma cells by targeting secreted clusterin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19455. [PMID: 26781643 PMCID: PMC4725983 DOI: 10.1038/srep19455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of NSCLC, and its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The objectives of the study were to determine the role of miR-378 in the sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells to cisplatin (cDDP) and its working mechanism. With TargetScan and luciferase assay, miR-378 was found to directly target sCLU. miR-378 and sCLU were regulated in A549/cDDP and Anip973/cDDP cells to investigate the effect of miR-378 on the sensitivity and apoptotic effects of cDDP. The effect of miR-378 upregulation on tumor growth was analyzed in a nude mouse xenograft model. The correlation between miR-378 and chemoresistance was tested in patient samples. We found that upregulation of miR-378 in A549/cDDP and Anip973/cDDP cells significantly down-regulated sCLU expression, and sensitized these cells to cDDP. miR-378 overexpression inhibited tumor growth and sCLU expression in a xenograft animal model. Analysis of human lung adenocarcinoma tissues revealed that the cDDP sensitive group expressed higher levels of miR-378 and lower levels of sCLU. miR-378 and sCLU were negatively correlated. To conclude, we identified sCLU as a novel miR-378 target, and we showed that targeting sCLU via miR-378 may help disable the chemoresistance against cisplatin in lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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High Mobility Group B Proteins, Their Partners, and Other Redox Sensors in Ovarian and Prostate Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:5845061. [PMID: 26682011 PMCID: PMC4670870 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5845061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells try to avoid the overproduction of reactive oxygen species by metabolic rearrangements. These cells also develop specific strategies to increase ROS resistance and to express the enzymatic activities necessary for ROS detoxification. Oxidative stress produces DNA damage and also induces responses, which could help the cell to restore the initial equilibrium. But if this is not possible, oxidative stress finally activates signals that will lead to cell death. High mobility group B (HMGB) proteins have been previously related to the onset and progressions of cancers of different origins. The protein HMGB1 behaves as a redox sensor and its structural changes, which are conditioned by the oxidative environment, are associated with different functions of the protein. This review describes recent advances in the role of human HMGB proteins and other proteins interacting with them, in cancerous processes related to oxidative stress, with special reference to ovarian and prostate cancer. Their participation in the molecular mechanisms of resistance to cisplatin, a drug commonly used in chemotherapy, is also revised.
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Zhou J, Li J, Ding X, Liu J, Luo Z, Liu Y, Ran Q, Cai K. Multifunctional Fe2O3@PPy-PEG nanocomposite for combination cancer therapy with MR imaging. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:425101. [PMID: 26422003 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/42/425101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, magnetic hyperthermia nanoparticles have drawn great attention for cancer therapy because they have no limitation of tissue penetration during the therapy process. In this study, cubic nanoporous Fe2O3 nanoparticles derived from cubic Prussian blue nanoparticles were used as magnetic cores to generate heat by alternating the current magnetic field (AMF) for killing cancer cells. In addition, polypyrrole (PPy) was coated on the surfaces of the cubic Fe2O3 nanoparticles to load doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). The PEG component was then physically adsorbed onto the surfaces of the nanoparticles, resulting in a Fe2O3@PPy-DOX-PEG nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was triggered by acid stimulus and AMF to release DOX, resulting in a remarkable combination therapeutic effect via chemotherapy and magnetic hyperthermia. Furthermore, the nanocomposite could realize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to the magnetic core structure. The study provides an alternative for the development of new nanocomposites for combination cancer therapy with MR imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
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44
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Early downregulation of acute phase proteins after doxorubicin exposition in patients with breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3775-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Ma G, Cai H, Gao L, Wang M, Wang H. sCLU regulates cisplatin chemosensitivity of lung cancer cells in vivo. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:80. [PMID: 25884382 PMCID: PMC4358856 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous analysis using a lung cancer cell line model, we have found that therapies directed against secreted clusterin (sCLU) and its downstream signaling targets pAkt and pERK1/2 may have the potential to enhance the efficacy of cisplatin (DDP)-based chemotherapy in vitro. Here, we investigated the therapies directed against sCLU on the DDP-based chemotherapy in vivo and explored the mechanism. METHODS Using lung cancer cell lines, A549 cells and DDP-resistant A549 cells (A549(DDP)), we determined the effect of sCLU silencing using short interfering double-stranded RNA (siRNA) on chemosensitivity in immunocompromised mice bearing A549(DDP) tumors. We then determined the effect of sCLU overexpression via stable sCLU transfection on chemosensitivity in immunocompromised mice bearing A549 tumors. The effect of sCLU silencing or overexpression on pAkt and pERK1/2 expression and chemosensitivity in vivo was detected by Western blot assay. RESULTS The results showed sCLU silencing increased the chemosensitivity of A549(DDP) cells to DDP in vivo via downregulation of pAkt and pERK1/2 expression. And sCLU overexpression decreased the chemosensitivity of A549 cells to DDP in vivo via upregulation of pAkt and pERK1/2 expression. CONCLUSIONS We therefore concluded that the DDP-induced sCLU activation, which involved induction of pAkt and pERK1/2 activation that confer DDP resistance in immunocompromised mice and alteration of this balance, allows sensitization to the antitumor activity of cisplatin chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Ma
- Department of Clinical Lab, People's Hospital of Laiwu, Laiwu, China.
| | - Hengjuan Cai
- Department of neurology, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Zhangqiu, China.
| | - Lizhen Gao
- Department of Clinical Lab, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Zhangqiu, China.
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Clinical Lab, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Zhangqiu, China.
| | - Haixia Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China.
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Qureshi R, Arora H, Rizvi M. EMT in cervical cancer: Its role in tumour progression and response to therapy. Cancer Lett 2015; 356:321-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Li T, Gao F, Zhang XP. miR-203 enhances chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil by targeting thymidylate synthase in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:607-14. [PMID: 25482885 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a conserved class of small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in diverse biological processes, including chemoresistance. However, the molecular mechanism as to how miR-203 modulates the chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in colorectal cancer is poorly known. In the present study, we found that miR-203 was downregulated in the 5-FU-resistant cell line LoVo/5-Fu, and was inversely correlated with the extent of 5-FU chemoresistance. Cytotoxicity assay showed that the inhibition of miR-203 expression enhanced 5-FU chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells, while miR-203 overexpression increased 5-FU chemosensitivity. We then validated that thymidylate synthase (TYMS) was a direct target of miR-203 and miR-203 suppressed TYMS protein levels. Silencing of TYMS enhanced 5-FU chemosensitivity, similar to the roles of miR-203. Finally, we discovered that miR-203 increased the inhibitory effects of 5-FU on tumor growth in vivo. Overall, our data indicate that miR-203 enhances 5-FU chemosensitivity via the downregulation of TYMS in colorectal cancer and provide important insight into the mechanism of 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer patients. More important, the present study suggests that miR-203 has the potential as a therapeutic strategy for 5-FU-resistant colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Colorectal Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Qingdao Hiser Medical Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Peng Zhang
- Colorectal Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
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Mourra N, Scriva A, Mansiaux Y, Gozlan S, Bennis M, Balaton A. Clusterin expression in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours is highly correlated with location and is helpful in determining the origin of liver metastases. Histopathology 2014; 65:642-50. [PMID: 24807631 DOI: 10.1111/his.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Clusterin (CLU) is a sulphated glycoprotein implicated in many physiological and pathological processes, including tumorigenesis. We have previously demonstrated that CLU is highly expressed in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). The aims of this study were: to investigate CLU expression in gastrointestinal NETs; the potential correlation between this expression and different clinicopathological parameters; and its usefulness in the differential diagnosis of liver metastases. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemistry using an anti-CLU antibody was performed on paraffin sections from 108 primary NETs [G3 (13 cases), G2 (18 cases), and G1 (77 cases), according to the 2010 WHO classification] and 60 metastases. Cytoplasmic positivity was scored qualitatively and quantitatively. The pattern of staining was also assessed. Two-step statistical analyses (univariate and multivariate logistic regression) were performed. More than 90% of small-intestine NETs were completely negative. The probability of obtaining a positive CLU score was higher for the appendix, the stomach, the duodenum and the rectum than for the small intestine and colon. All G3 NETs and most G2 NETs were negative as compared with G1. CLU expression in the metastatic foci was identical to that of the primary tumour. CONCLUSIONS Clusterin expression in gastrointestinal NETs is highly correlated with location and probably also with grading, in both the primary tumour and metastases. Underexpression of CLU in small-intestine NETs is helpful for identifying the origin of liver metastases: a strong CLU score in a liver biopsy makes the small intestine highly unlikely as a primary site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najat Mourra
- Department of Pathology, St-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
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Secreted clusterin (sCLU) regulates cell proliferation and chemosensitivity to cisplatin by modulating ERK1/2 signals in human osteosarcoma cells. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:255. [PMID: 25106434 PMCID: PMC4249734 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have shown that secreted clusterin (sCLU) up-regulation in
multi-drug resistant osteosarcoma (OS) cells relates to enhanced drug resistance.
Furthermore, sCLU silencing directed against sCLU induces significant reduction of
cellular growth and sensitizes OS cells to chemotherapy. However, the molecular
mechanisms underlying the effect of sCLU on OS cells are not known. Methods To evaluate the roles and possible mechanisms of sCLU in chemoresistance of OS
cells to cisplatin (DPP), we utilized RNA interference to knockdown sCLU
expression in the sCLU-rich U-2 OS cells and to overexpress sCLU in the
sCLU-poorer KH OS cells, and further assessed the cell viability and
chemosensitivity to DDP as well as possible signaling transduction
pathways. Results The data showed that sCLU depletion inhibited growth and sensitized sCLU-rich
U-2 OS cells to cisplatin in vitro and
in vivo by inducing inactivation of ERK1/2,
and sCLU overexpression promoted growth and increased resistance of sCLU-less KH
OS cells to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo by activation of ERK1/2. Conclusions The data also suggests critical roles of sCLU in OS cell chemoresistance to
DPP and raises the possibility of sCLU depletion as a promising approach to OS
therapy.
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Bachmann SB, Frommel SC, Camicia R, Winkler HC, Santoro R, Hassa PO. DTX3L and ARTD9 inhibit IRF1 expression and mediate in cooperation with ARTD8 survival and proliferation of metastatic prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:125. [PMID: 24886089 PMCID: PMC4070648 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality and morbidity in the aging male population and represents the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men around the world. The Deltex (DTX)-3-like E3 ubiquitin ligase (DTX3L), also known as B-lymphoma and BAL-associated protein (BBAP), was originally identified as a binding partner of the diphtheria-toxin-like macrodomain containing ADP-ribosyltransferase-9 (ARTD9), also known as BAL1 and PARP9. We have previously demonstrated that ARTD9 acts as a novel oncogenic survival factor in high-risk, chemo-resistant, diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase ARTD8, also known as PARP14 functions as a STAT6-specific co-regulator of IL4-mediated proliferation and survival in B cells. Methods Co-expression of DTX3L, ARTD8, ARTD9 and STAT1 was analyzed in the metastatic PCa (mPCa) cell lines PC3, DU145, LNCaP and in the normal prostate luminal epithelial cell lines HPE and RWPE1. Effects on cell proliferation, survival and cell migration were determined in PC3, DU145 and/or LNCaP cells depleted of DTX3L, ARTD8, ARTD9, STAT1 and/or IRF1 compared to their proficient control cells, respectively. In further experiments, real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitations were conducted to evaluate the physical and functional interactions between DTX3L, ARTD8 and ARTD9. Results Here we could identify DTX3L, ARTD9 and ARTD8 as novel oncogenic survival factors in mPCa cells. Our studies revealed that DTX3L forms a complex with ARTD8 and mediates together with ARTD8 and ARTD9 proliferation, chemo-resistance and survival of mPCa cells. In addition, DTX3L, ARTD8 and ARTD9 form complexes with each other. Our study provides first evidence that the enzymatic activity of ARTD8 is required for survival of mPCa cells. DTX3L and ARTD9 act together as repressors of the tumor suppressor IRF1 in mPCa cells. Furthermore, the present study shows that DTX3L together with STAT1 and STAT3 is implicated in cell migration of mPCa cells. Conclusions Our data strongly indicate that a crosstalk between STAT1, DTX3L and ARTD-like mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases mediates proliferation and survival of mPCa cells. The present study further suggests that the combined targeted inhibition of STAT1, ARTD8, ARTD9 and/or DTX3L could increase the efficacy of chemotherapy or radiation treatment in prostate and other high-risk tumor types with an increased STAT1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul O Hassa
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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