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Coban ZG, Kiliclar HC, Yagci Y. Photoinitiated Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031299. [PMID: 36770964 PMCID: PMC9919424 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Photochemical techniques have recently been revitalized as they can readily be adapted to different polymerization modes to yield a wide range of complex macromolecular structures. However, the implementation of the photoinduced cationic methods in the polymerization of cyclic siloxane monomers has scarcely been investigated. Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) is an important monomer for the synthesis of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and its copolymers. In this study, the cationic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of D4, initiated by diphenyl iodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPI), has been studied. Both direct and indirect initiating systems acting at broad wavelength using benzophenone and pyrene were investigated. In both systems, photochemically generated protonic acids and silylium cations are responsible for the polymerization. The kinetics of the polymerization are followed by viscosimetry and GPC analyses. The reported approach may overcome the problems associated with conventional methods and therefore represents industrial importance for the fabrication of polysiloxanes.
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Abstract
The preparation, structure, and chemistry of hypervalent iodine compounds are reviewed with emphasis on their synthetic application. Compounds of iodine possess reactivity similar to that of transition metals, but have the advantage of environmental sustainability and efficient utilization of natural resources. These compounds are widely used in organic synthesis as selective oxidants and environmentally friendly reagents. Synthetic uses of hypervalent iodine reagents in halogenation reactions, various oxidations, rearrangements, aminations, C-C bond-forming reactions, and transition metal-catalyzed reactions are summarized and discussed. Recent discovery of hypervalent catalytic systems and recyclable reagents, and the development of new enantioselective reactions using chiral hypervalent iodine compounds represent a particularly important achievement in the field of hypervalent iodine chemistry. One of the goals of this Review is to attract the attention of the scientific community as to the benefits of using hypervalent iodine compounds as an environmentally sustainable alternative to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yoshimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Viktor V Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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Kita Y, Dohi T. Pioneering Metal-Free Oxidative Coupling Strategy of Aromatic Compounds Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. CHEM REC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kita
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; 1-1-1 Nojihigashi Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; 1-1-1 Nojihigashi Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
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Aneja DK, Ranjan P, Arora L, Prakash O. [Hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene-mediated regeneration of carbonyl compounds by cleavage of carbon nitrogen double bonds. CR CHIM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zheng Z, Zhang-Negrerie D, Du Y, Zhao K. The applications of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents in the constructions of heterocyclic compounds through oxidative coupling reactions. Sci China Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-013-5043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Benzylic-acetoxylation of alkylbenzenes with PhI(OAc)2 in the presence of catalytic amounts of TsNH2 and I2. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Suzuki Y, Ishiwata Y, Moriyama K, Togo H. Desulfonyloxyiodination of arenesulfonic acids with mCPBA and molecular iodine. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sawamura T, Kuribayashi S, Inagi S, Fuchigami T. Recyclable Polymer-Supported Iodobenzene-Mediated Electrocatalytic Fluorination in Ionic Liquid. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Baba H, Togo H. Sulfonylamidation of alkylbenzenes at benzylic position with p-toluenesulfonamide and 1,3-diiodo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sun Y, Fan R. Construction of 3-oxyindoles via hypervalent iodine mediated tandem cyclization–acetoxylation of o-acyl anilines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:6834-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01911a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Somogyi L. Synthesis, oxidation and dehydrogenation of cyclic N,O- and N,S-acetals. Part III. Transformation of N,O-acetals: 3-acyl-1,3,4-oxadiazolines. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570440603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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PhI- and polymer-supported PhI-catalyzed oxidative conversion of ketones and alcohols to α-tosyloxyketones with m-chloroperbenzoic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hata K, Hamamoto H, Shiozaki Y, Cämmerer SB, Kita Y. Nucleophilic attack of intramolecular hydroxyl groups on electron-rich aromatics using hypervalent iodine(III) oxidation. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.02.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hossain MD, Kitamura T. Direct, easy, and scalable preparation of (diacetoxyiodo)arenes from arenes using potassium peroxodisulfate as the oxidant. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Shang Z. Oxidative Cyclization of Aromatic AldehydeN‐Acylhydrazones by bis(Trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910600773650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hossain MD, Kitamura T. Reaction of iodoarenes with potassium peroxodisulfate/trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of aromatics. Direct preparation of diaryliodonium triflates from iodoarenes. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Prakash O, Bhardwaj V, Kumar R, Tyagi P, Aneja KR. Organoiodine (III) mediated synthesis of 3-aryl/hetryl-5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidines as antibacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2005; 39:1073-7. [PMID: 15571869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2004] [Revised: 06/03/2004] [Accepted: 06/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of some new 3-aryl/hetryl-5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidines (3a-k) has been accomplished by the oxidation of 4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinylhydrazones of various aldehydes with iodobenzene diacetate in dichloromethane. Nine new compounds (3b-g and 3i-k) were tested in vitro for their antibacterial activity. Two compounds, namely 3-(4'-pyridyl)-5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine (3k) and 3-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine (3f), were associated with substantially higher antibacterial activity than some commercial antibiotics against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi at MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) i.e. 10 microg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India.
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Prakash O, Kaur H, Sharma V, Bhardwaj V, Pundeer R. A novel and facile iodine(III)-mediated approach for C(5)-acetoxylation of 6-hydroxyflavone and 6-hydroxyflavanones. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Koser GF. The Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds with Hypervalent Organoiodine Reagents. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(03)86004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ishikawa H, Takayama H, Aimi N. Dimerization of indole derivatives with hypervalent iodines(III): a new entry for the concise total synthesis of rac- and meso-chimonanthines. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Katohgi M, Togo H. Oxidatively sonochemical dealkylation of various N-alkylsulfonamides to free sulfonamides and aldehydes. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Belen’kii L, Kruchkovskaya N, Gramenitskaya V. The Literature of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Part VII: 1997–1999. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(01)79024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Prakash O, Sharma V, Batra H, Moriarty RM. (Dichloroiodo)benzene and lead(II) thiocyanate as an efficient reagent combination for stereoselective 1,2-dithiocyanation of alkynes. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)01909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Prakash O, Gujral HK, Rani N, Singh SP. Hypervalent Iodine Oxidation of Hydrazones of Some Nitrogen Heterocyclic Ketones and Aldehydes: An Efficient Synthesis of Fused 1,2,3-Triazoloheterocycles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910008087337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Synthesis of hydroindolenones and hydroquinolenones by hypervalent iodine oxidation of mono or bicyclic phenols. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kita Y, Tohma H, Watanabe H, Takizawa S, Maegawa T. Novel One-Pot Preparation of 5-Methoxylated Indoline and Indole Derivatives Using a Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagent. HETEROCYCLES 1999. [DOI: 10.3987/com-99-8605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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