1
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Paul AA, Kadosh YS, Kushmaro A, Marks RS. Microbead-Encapsulated Luminescent Bioreporter Screening of P. aeruginosa via Its Secreted Quorum-Sensing Molecules. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:383. [PMID: 39194612 DOI: 10.3390/bios14080383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium that remains a prevalent clinical and environmental challenge. Quorum-sensing (QS) molecules are effective biomarkers in pinpointing the presence of P. aeruginosa. This study aimed to develop a convenient-to-use, whole-cell biosensor using P. aeruginosa reporters individually encapsulated within alginate-poly-L-lysine (alginate-PLL) microbeads to specifically detect the presence of bacterial autoinducers. The PLL-reinforced microbeads were prepared using a two-step method involving ionic cross-linking and subsequent coating with thin layers of PLL. The alginate-PLL beads showed good stability in the presence of a known cation scavenger (sodium citrate), which typically limits the widespread applications of calcium alginate. In media containing synthetic autoinducers-such as N-(3-oxo dodecanoyl) homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12-HSL) and N-butanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL), or the cell-free supernatants of planktonic or the flow-cell biofilm effluent of wild P. aeruginosa (PAO1)-the encapsulated bacteria enabled a dose-dependent detection of the presence of these QS molecules. The prepared bioreporter beads remained stable during prolonged storage at 4 and -80 °C and were ready for on-the-spot sensing without the need for recovery. The proof-of-concept, optical fiber-based, and whole-cell biosensor developed here demonstrates the practicality of the encapsulated bioreporter for bacterial detection based on specific QS molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Abbey Paul
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Yael Schlichter Kadosh
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ariel Kushmaro
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Ilse Katz Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
- School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Robert S Marks
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Ilse Katz Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
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2
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Zhou P, Shen T, Chen W, Sun J, Ling J. Biodegradable Polysarcosine with Inserted Alanine Residues: Synthesis and Enzymolysis. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1757-1764. [PMID: 35293717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polysarcosine (PSar), a water-soluble polypeptoid, is gifted with biodegradability via the random ring-opening copolymerization of sarcosine- and alanine-N-thiocarboxyanhydrides catalyzed by acetic acid in controlled manners. Kinetic investigation reveals the copolymerization behavior of the two monomers. The random copolymers, named PaS, with high molecular weights between 5.3 and 43.6 kg/mol and tunable Ala molar fractions varying from 6 to 43% can be degraded by porcine pancreatic elastase within 50 days under mild conditions (pH = 8.0 at 37 °C). Both the biodegradation rate and water solubility of PaS depend on the content of Ala residues. PaS with Ala fractions below 43% are soluble in water, while the one with 43% Ala self-assembles in water into nanoparticles. Moreover, PaS are noncytotoxic at the concentration of 5 mg/mL. The biodegradability and biocompatibility endow the Ala-containing PSar with the potential to replace poly(ethylene glycol) as a protective shield in drug-delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tianlun Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Wanli Chen
- Center of Analysis & Measurement, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jihong Sun
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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3
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Greenfield EA, DeCaprio J, Brahmandam M. Selecting the Antigen. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2021; 2021:2021/12/pdb.top099945. [PMID: 34853124 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top099945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The classical method for generating polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies relies on the in vivo humoral response of animals. Here we describe the factors that antigens can have that might influence the strength and quality of an antibody response. This introduction is divided into three sections: (1) an overview of immunogenicity, (2) choosing the best form for the immunogen, and (3) methods for modifying antigens to make them more immunogenic.
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4
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Johann K, Svatunek D, Seidl C, Rizzelli S, Bauer TA, Braun L, Koynov K, Mikula H, Barz M. Tetrazine- and trans-cyclooctene-functionalised polypept(o)ides for fast bioorthogonal tetrazine ligation. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tetrazine- and trans-cyclooctene-functionalised polypeptides and polypetoids were prepared by ring-opening polymerisation of N-carboxyanhydrides using the respective functional initiators and shown to react in fast bioorthogonal tetrazine ligations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Johann
- Department of Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Christine Seidl
- Department of Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Silvia Rizzelli
- Department of Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Tobias A. Bauer
- Department of Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Lydia Braun
- Department of Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Hannes Mikula
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Matthias Barz
- Department of Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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5
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Klein PM, Klinker K, Zhang W, Kern S, Kessel E, Wagner E, Barz M. Efficient Shielding of Polyplexes Using Heterotelechelic Polysarcosines. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E689. [PMID: 30966723 PMCID: PMC6404158 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Shielding agents are commonly used to shield polyelectrolyte complexes, e.g., polyplexes, from agglomeration and precipitation in complex media like blood, and thus enhance their in vivo circulation times. Since up to now primarily poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been investigated to shield non-viral carriers for systemic delivery, we report on the use of polysarcosine (pSar) as a potential alternative for steric stabilization. A redox-sensitive, cationizable lipo-oligomer structure (containing two cholanic acids attached via a bioreducible disulfide linker to an oligoaminoamide backbone in T-shape configuration) was equipped with azide-functionality by solid phase supported synthesis. After mixing with small interfering RNA (siRNA), lipopolyplexes formed spontaneously and were further surface-functionalized with polysarcosines. Polysarcosine was synthesized by living controlled ring-opening polymerization using an azide-reactive dibenzo-aza-cyclooctyne-amine as an initiator. The shielding ability of the resulting formulations was investigated with biophysical assays and by near-infrared fluorescence bioimaging in mice. The modification of ~100 nm lipopolyplexes was only slightly increased upon functionalization. Cellular uptake into cells was strongly reduced by the pSar shielding. Moreover, polysarcosine-shielded polyplexes showed enhanced blood circulation times in bioimaging studies compared to unshielded polyplexes and similar to PEG-shielded polyplexes. Therefore, polysarcosine is a promising alternative for the shielding of non-viral, lipo-cationic polyplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Michael Klein
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Kristina Klinker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Sarah Kern
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Eva Kessel
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich, Schellingstraße 4, D-80799 Munich, Germany.
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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6
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Birke A, Ling J, Barz M. Polysarcosine-containing copolymers: Synthesis, characterization, self-assembly, and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Weber B, Birke A, Fischer K, Schmidt M, Barz M. Solution Properties of Polysarcosine: From Absolute and Relative Molar Mass Determinations to Complement Activation. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Birke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl Fischer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Jakob Welder Weg 11, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Schmidt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Jakob Welder Weg 11, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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8
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Pelaz B, Alexiou C, Alvarez-Puebla RA, Alves F, Andrews AM, Ashraf S, Balogh LP, Ballerini L, Bestetti A, Brendel C, Bosi S, Carril M, Chan WCW, Chen C, Chen X, Chen X, Cheng Z, Cui D, Du J, Dullin C, Escudero A, Feliu N, Gao M, George M, Gogotsi Y, Grünweller A, Gu Z, Halas NJ, Hampp N, Hartmann RK, Hersam MC, Hunziker P, Jian J, Jiang X, Jungebluth P, Kadhiresan P, Kataoka K, Khademhosseini A, Kopeček J, Kotov NA, Krug HF, Lee DS, Lehr CM, Leong KW, Liang XJ, Ling Lim M, Liz-Marzán LM, Ma X, Macchiarini P, Meng H, Möhwald H, Mulvaney P, Nel AE, Nie S, Nordlander P, Okano T, Oliveira J, Park TH, Penner RM, Prato M, Puntes V, Rotello VM, Samarakoon A, Schaak RE, Shen Y, Sjöqvist S, Skirtach AG, Soliman MG, Stevens MM, Sung HW, Tang BZ, Tietze R, Udugama BN, VanEpps JS, Weil T, Weiss PS, Willner I, Wu Y, Yang L, Yue Z, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Zhang XE, Zhao Y, Zhou X, Parak WJ. Diverse Applications of Nanomedicine. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2313-2381. [PMID: 28290206 PMCID: PMC5371978 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 775] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The design and use of materials in the nanoscale size range for addressing medical and health-related issues continues to receive increasing interest. Research in nanomedicine spans a multitude of areas, including drug delivery, vaccine development, antibacterial, diagnosis and imaging tools, wearable devices, implants, high-throughput screening platforms, etc. using biological, nonbiological, biomimetic, or hybrid materials. Many of these developments are starting to be translated into viable clinical products. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in nanomedicine and highlight the current challenges and upcoming opportunities for the field and translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pelaz
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine
(SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship for Nanomedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ramon A. Alvarez-Puebla
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frauke Alves
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Diagnostic
and Interventional Radiology, University
Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne M. Andrews
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Division of NanoMedicine and Center
for the Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sumaira Ashraf
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lajos P. Balogh
- AA Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology Consultants, North Andover, Massachusetts 01845, United States
| | - Laura Ballerini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bestetti
- School of Chemistry & Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Cornelia Brendel
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanna Bosi
- Department of Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Monica Carril
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation
for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Warren C. W. Chan
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of
China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 639798
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine,
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular
Imaging Program at Stanford and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford
for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument
Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electronical
Engineering, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christian Dullin
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Diagnostic
and Interventional Radiology, University
Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Alberto Escudero
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla. CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Neus Feliu
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | | | - Yury Gogotsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials
Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Arnold Grünweller
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Naomi J. Halas
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Rice
University, Houston, Texas 77005, United
States
| | - Norbert Hampp
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland K. Hartmann
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mark C. Hersam
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry,
and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Patrick Hunziker
- University Hospital, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- CLINAM,
European Foundation for Clinical Nanomedicine, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ji Jian
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Center for
Bionanoengineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of
China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Philipp Jungebluth
- Thoraxklinik Heidelberg, Universitätsklinikum
Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pranav Kadhiresan
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | | | | | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Kotov
- Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019, United States
| | - Harald F. Krug
- EMPA, Federal Institute for Materials
Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical
Sciences and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- HIPS - Helmhotz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of
China, Beijing 100190, China
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Mei Ling Lim
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation
for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Ciber-BBN, 20014 Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Paolo Macchiarini
- Laboratory of Bioengineering Regenerative Medicine (BioReM), Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Huan Meng
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Division of NanoMedicine and Center
for the Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Helmuth Möhwald
- Department of Interfaces, Max-Planck
Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paul Mulvaney
- School of Chemistry & Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andre E. Nel
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Division of NanoMedicine and Center
for the Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shuming Nie
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Rice
University, Houston, Texas 77005, United
States
| | - Teruo Okano
- Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | | | - Tai Hyun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical
Sciences and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Reginald M. Penner
- Department of Chemistry, University of
California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation
for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Victor Puntes
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de Nanotecnologia, UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital
Institute of Research, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Amila Samarakoon
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Raymond E. Schaak
- Department of Chemistry, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Youqing Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Center for
Bionanoengineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Sebastian Sjöqvist
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andre G. Skirtach
- Department of Interfaces, Max-Planck
Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mahmoud G. Soliman
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials,
Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan,
ROC 300
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rainer Tietze
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine
(SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship for Nanomedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Buddhisha N. Udugama
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - J. Scott VanEpps
- Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019, United States
| | - Tanja Weil
- Institut für
Organische Chemie, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Division of NanoMedicine and Center
for the Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | | | - Zhao Yue
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Qian Zhang
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules,
CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of
China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wolfgang J. Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
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9
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Pan X, Liu Y, Li Z, Cui S, Gebru H, Xu J, Xu S, Liu J, Guo K. Amphiphilic Polyoxazoline-block
-Polypeptoid Copolymers by Sequential One-Pot Ring-Opening Polymerizations. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianfu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Yaya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Saide Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Hailemariam Gebru
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Songquan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
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10
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Cui S, Pan X, Gebru H, Wang X, Liu J, Liu J, Li Z, Guo K. Amphiphilic star-shaped poly(sarcosine)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) diblock copolymers: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and solution properties. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:679-690. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02145j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We firstly synthesized amphiphilic three-armed star-shaped poly(sarcosine)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) diblock copolymers (s-PSar-b-PCLs), and investigated the solution properties and biocompatibility of the copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saide Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xianfu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Hailemariam Gebru
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
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11
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Fetsch C, Gaitzsch J, Messager L, Battaglia G, Luxenhofer R. Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Block Copolypeptoids - Micelles, Worms and Polymersomes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33491. [PMID: 27666081 PMCID: PMC5036089 DOI: 10.1038/srep33491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polypeptoids are an old but recently rediscovered polymer class with interesting synthetic, physico-chemical and biological characteristics. Here, we introduce new aromatic monomers, N-benzyl glycine N-carboxyanhydride and N-phenethyl glycine N-carboxyanhydride and their block copolymers with the hydrophilic polysarcosine. We compare their self-assembly in water and aqueous buffer with the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolypeptoids with aliphatic side chains. The aggregates in water were investigated by dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. We found a variety of morphologies, which were influenced by the polymer structure as well as by the preparation method. Overall, we found polymersomes, worm-like micelles and oligo-lamellar morphologies as well as some less defined aggregates of interconnected worms and vesicles. Such, this contribution may serve as a starting point for a more detailed investigation of the self-assembly behavior of the rich class of polypeptoids and for a better understanding between the differences in the aggregation behavior of non-uniform polypeptoids and uniform peptoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Fetsch
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Gaitzsch
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
| | - Lea Messager
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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12
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Mezö G, Hudecz F, Szekerke M, Kajtár J, Sármay G, Gergely J, Nagy Z, Clegg JA. Synthesis and Characterization of p-Borono-Phenylalanine-Branched Polypeptide-Monoclonal Antibody Ternary Systems for Potential Use in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/088391159601100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of the 10B ( n,α) 7Li capture reaction to cancer radiotherapy (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy) was studied to avoid the inherent disadvantages of conventional radiation therapy. p-Borono-phenylalanine (Bph) was used as the 10B source and mAb produced against HCMB melanoma cells was applied as targeting device. Since extensive direct boronation of mAb led diminished recognition of antigens, an intermediate carrier was used. Nontoxic, biocompatible, biodegradable and weakly immunogenic branched polypeptides with a polylysine backbone was used to carry a high number of 10B. Protected 10B-Bph was coupled by four different methods to polycationic branched polypeptides. The coupling efficiency varied according to the experimental conditions, with a maximum of 90%. The chiroptical properties of the conjugates indicated an ordered conformation which increased with the number of coupled Bph. The whole body survival (WBS) and tissue distribution profile of mAb (8/6 IgG2a) were markedly altered after conjugation with Bph-branched polypeptide. Decreased WBS and intermediate-carrier-dependent accumulation in the spleen, liver and kidney was observed 24 h after iv. administration. After joining only a few chains of the highly loaded Bph-AK conjugate to mAb, the binding activity of the mAb in the ternary system was preserved compared to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Mezö
- Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1518 Budapest 112, POB 32 Hungary
| | - Ferenc Hudecz
- Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1518 Budapest 112, POB 32 Hungary
| | - Mária Szekerke
- Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1518 Budapest 112, POB 32 Hungary
| | - Judit Kajtár
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - János Gergely
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös L. University, Göd, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Nagy
- Institute of Biology, Semmelweis Medical University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J. A. Clegg
- Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Nottingham, UK
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13
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Abstract
Albumin hydrogels crosslinked by disulfide bonds between the protein's own thiol groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yanbin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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14
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Klinker K, Barz M. Polypept(o)ides: Hybrid Systems Based on Polypeptides and Polypeptoids. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1943-57. [PMID: 26398770 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polypept(o)ides combine the multifunctionality and intrinsic stimuli-responsiveness of synthetic polypeptides with the "stealth"-like properties of the polypeptoid polysarcosine (poly(N-methyl glycine)). This class of block copolymers can be synthesized by sequential ring opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxy-anhydrides (NCAs) and correspondingly of the N-substituted glycine N-carboxyanhydride (NNCA). The resulting block copolymers are characterized by Poisson-like molecular weight distributions, full end group integrity, and dispersities below 1.2. While polysarcosine may be able to tackle the currently arising issues regarding the gold standard PEG, including storage diseases in vivo and immune responses, the polypeptidic block provides the functionalities for a specific task. Additionally, polypeptides are able to form secondary structure motives, e.g., α-helix or β-sheets, which can be used to direct self-assembly in solution. In this feature article, we review the relatively new field of polypept(o)ides with respect to synthesis, characterization, and first data on the application of block copolypept(o)ides in nanomedicine. The summarized data already indicates the great potential of polypept(o)ides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Klinker
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Deming
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 5121 Engineering 5, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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16
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Secker C, Brosnan SM, Luxenhofer R, Schlaad H. Poly(α-Peptoid)s Revisited: Synthesis, Properties, and Use as Biomaterial. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:881-91. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Secker
- Department of Colloid Chemistry; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Research Campus Golm 14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Sarah M. Brosnan
- Department of Colloid Chemistry; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Research Campus Golm 14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Chair of Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis; University of Würzburg; Röntgenring 11 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam Germany
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17
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Hörtz C, Birke A, Kaps L, Decker S, Wächtersbach E, Fischer K, Schuppan D, Barz M, Schmidt M. Cylindrical Brush Polymers with Polysarcosine Side Chains: A Novel Biocompatible Carrier for Biomedical Applications. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502497x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hörtz
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Welder Weg
11, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Birke
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Leonard Kaps
- Institute
of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy,
University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse
1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandra Decker
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Welder Weg
11, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Wächtersbach
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Welder Weg
11, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl Fischer
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Welder Weg
11, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute
of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy,
University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse
1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Schmidt
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Welder Weg
11, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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18
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Fetsch C, Flecks S, Gieseler D, Marschelke C, Ulbricht J, van Pée KH, Luxenhofer R. Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Block Copolypeptoids with C2
-C5
Side Chains in Aqueous Solution. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Fetsch
- Functional Polymer Materials; Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis; University Würzburg; Röntgenring 11 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Silvana Flecks
- Professur für Allgemeine Biochemie; Department Chemie; Technische Universität Dresden; Bergstr. 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Dan Gieseler
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie; Department Chemie; Technische Universität Dresden; Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Claudia Marschelke
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie; Department Chemie; Technische Universität Dresden; Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Juliane Ulbricht
- Functional Polymer Materials; Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis; University Würzburg; Röntgenring 11 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz van Pée
- Professur für Allgemeine Biochemie; Department Chemie; Technische Universität Dresden; Bergstr. 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials; Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis; University Würzburg; Röntgenring 11 97070 Würzburg Germany
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19
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Proceedings of the XXXVII Meeting of the Israel Chemical Society and the Israel Biochemical Society held at Rehovot, 22-24 October 1967. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.196700055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Shaltiel S, Mozes E, Sela M. Multichain Polyproline Coated with Histidyl and Glutamyl Residues - A Potent Synthetic Immunogen. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.197200060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Luxenhofer R, Fetsch C, Grossmann A. Polypeptoids: A perfect match for molecular definition and macromolecular engineering? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials; Chair of Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilian, University of Würzburg; 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Corinna Fetsch
- Functional Polymer Materials; Chair of Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilian, University of Würzburg; 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Arlett Grossmann
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie; Department Chemie; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
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22
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Rhodes AJ, Deming TJ. Tandem catalysis for the preparation of cylindrical polypeptide brushes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:19463-7. [PMID: 23134537 DOI: 10.1021/ja308620h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a method for synthesis of cylindrical copolypeptide brushes via N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) polymerization utilizing a new tandem catalysis approach that allows preparation of brushes with controlled segment lengths in a straightforward, one-pot procedure requiring no intermediate isolation or purification steps. To obtain high-density brush copolypeptides, we used a "grafting from" approach where alloc-α-aminoamide groups were installed onto the side chains of NCAs to serve as masked initiators. These groups were inert during cobalt-initiated NCA polymerization and gave allyloxycarbonyl-α-aminoamide-substituted polypeptide main chains. The alloc-α-aminoamide groups were then activated in situ using nickel to generate initiators for growth of side-chain brush segments. This use of stepwise tandem cobalt and nickel catalysis was found to be an efficient method for preparation of high-chain-density, cylindrical copolypeptide brushes, where both the main chains and side chains can be prepared with controlled segment lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Rhodes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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23
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Fetsch C, Grossmann A, Holz L, Nawroth JF, Luxenhofer R. Polypeptoids from N-Substituted Glycine N-Carboxyanhydrides: Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic, and Amphiphilic Polymers with Poisson Distribution. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201015y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Fetsch
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Arlett Grossmann
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa Holz
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonas F. Nawroth
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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24
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Hoes CJT, Boon PJ, Kaspersen F, Bos ES, Feijen J. Design of soluble conjugates of biodegradable polymeric carriers and adriamycin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.19930700115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Nussenzweig V, Nussenzweig R. Experimental basis for the development of a synthetic vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria sporozoites. CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2007; 119:150-63. [PMID: 2426050 DOI: 10.1002/9780470513286.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Malaria continues to cause extensive morbidity and mortality in man. The exact number of individuals affected is not known. Estimates vary from 200 to 400 million, and more than one million die each year. Protective immunity against malaria can be obtained by vaccination with irradiated sporozoites. The protective antigens are polypeptides (circumsporozoite [CS] proteins) which cover the surface membrane of the parasite. CS proteins contain species-specific immunodominant epitopes, formed by tandem repeated sequences of amino acids. The dominant epitope of Plasmodium falciparum is represented in the synthetic peptide asparagine-alanine-asparagine-proline repeated in tandem three times; that is, (NANP)3. Monoclonal antibodies and most or all polyclonal human antibodies to P. falciparum sporozoites react with (NANP)3. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the synthetic peptide (NANP)3 react with the surface of the parasite and neutralize its infectivity. Since (NANP)3 repeats are present worldwide in CS proteins from P. falciparum, this epitope is a logical target for vaccine development.
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26
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Sela M, Arnon R, Jacob CO. Synthetic peptides with antigenic specificity for bacterial toxins. CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2007; 119:184-99. [PMID: 2426052 DOI: 10.1002/9780470513286.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The attachment of a diphtheria toxin-specific synthetic antigenic determinant and a synthetic adjuvant to a synthetic polymeric carrier led to production of a totally synthetic macromolecule which provoked protective antibodies against diphtheria when administered in aqueous solution. When peptides related to the B subunit of cholera toxin were synthesized and attached to tetanus toxoid, antibodies produced against the conjugate reacted in some but not all cases with intact cholera toxin and (especially with peptide CTP 3, residues 50-64) neutralized toxin reactivity, as tested by permeability in rabbit skin, fluid accumulation in ligated small intestinal loops and adenylate cyclase activation. Polymerization of the peptide without any external carrier, or conjugation with the dipalmityl lysine group, had as good an effect in enhancing the immune response as its attachment to tetanus toxoid. Prior exposure to the carrier suppressed the immune response to the epitope attached to it, whereas prior exposure to the synthetic peptide had a good priming effect when the intact toxin was given; when two different peptides were attached to the same carrier, both were expressed. Antisera against peptide CTP 3 were highly cross-reactive with the heat-labile toxin of Escherichia coli and neutralized it to the same extent as cholera toxin, which is not surprising in view of the great homology between the two proteins. A synthetic oligonucleotide coding for CTP 3 has been used to express the peptide in a form suitable for immunization. It led to a priming effect against the intact cholera toxin.
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27
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Tunbäck P, Bergström T, Löwhagen GB, Hoebeke J, Liljeqvist JÅ. Type-specific reactivity of anti-glycoprotein G antibodies from herpes simplex virus-infected individuals is maintained by single or dual type-specific residues. J Gen Virol 2005; 86:247-251. [PMID: 15659743 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.80656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein G-1 (gG-1) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and gG-2 of HSV-2 are the only known HSV proteins that induce type-specific human antibody responses. Recently, it was shown that purified human anti-gG-1 and anti-gG-2 antibodies presented a type-specific reactivity to immunogenic stretches with high similarity between gG-1 and gG-2. In this study, the molecular basis for this type-specific recognition was investigated employing synthetic peptides covering the indicated regions, including substitutions of the type-specific residues. The results revealed that single or dual type-specific residues localized within regions of high similarity could induce significant structural differences, explaining the type-specific recognition of the human antibody response to the gG proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Tunbäck
- Department of Clinical Virology, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10B, 413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10B, 413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Bergström
- Department of Clinical Virology, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10B, 413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gun-Britt Löwhagen
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10B, 413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Johan Hoebeke
- UPR9021 du CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jan-Åke Liljeqvist
- Department of Clinical Virology, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10B, 413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
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Sela M. From proteins and protein models to their use in immunology and immunotherapy. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:48507-19. [PMID: 13679360 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.x300007200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sela
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100.
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Abstract
The introduction of a synthetic material into the body always affects different body systems, including the defense system. Synthetic polymers are usually thymus-independent antigens with only a limited ability to elicit antibody formation or to induce a cellular immune response against them. However, there are many other ways that they influence or can be used to influence the immune system of the host. Low-immunogenic water-soluble synthetic polymers sometimes exhibit significant immunomodulating activity, mainly concerning the activation/suppression of NK cells, LAK cells and macrophages. Some of them, such as poly(ethylene glycol) and poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide], can be used as effective protein carriers, as they are able to reduce the immunogenicity of conjugated proteins and/or to reduce non-specific uptake of liposome/nanoparticle-entrapped drugs and other therapeutic agents. Recently, the development of vaccine delivery systems prepared from biodegradable and biocompatible water-soluble synthetic polymers, microspheres, liposomes and/or nanoparticles has received considerable attention, as they can be tailored to meet the specific physical, chemical, and immunogenic requirements of a particular antigen and some of them can also act as adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Ríhová
- Institute of Microbiology, ASCR, Vídenská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sela
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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31
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Abstract
A major advantage of synthetic peptide-based DNA delivery systems is its flexibility. By design, the composition of the final complex can be easily modified in response to experimental results in vitro and in vivo to take advantage of specific peptide sequences to overcome extra- and intracellular barriers to gene delivery. The extreme heterogeneity which greatly complicates both the kinetics of DNA-poly(L-lysine) interaction and the thermodynamic stability of the final DNA complexes is avoided. Other unique features include the absence of biohazards related to the viral genome as well as the production of the viral vector and the absence of limitations on the size of the therapeutic genes that can be inserted in the recombinant viral vector. In principle, if the gene can be cloned into an expression plasmid, it can be delivered as a synthetic DNA complex. Since these synthetic delivery systems are composed of small peptides which may be poorly antigenic, they hold the promise of repeated gene administration, a highly desirable feature which will be important for gene targeting in vivo to endothelial cells, monocytes, hepatocytes and tumor cells.
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Soyez H, Schacht E, Jelinkova M, Rihova B. Biological evaluation of mitomycin C bound to a biodegradable polymeric carrier. J Control Release 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(96)01617-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Calderon-Aranda ES, Olamendi-Portugal T, Possani LD. The use of synthetic peptides can be a misleading approach to generate vaccines against scorpion toxins. Vaccine 1995; 13:1198-206. [PMID: 8578804 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(95)00059-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Seven peptides corresponding to the amino acid sequence of toxin 2 from the scorpion Centruroides noxius were chemically synthesized, purified and assayed in mice for their putative neutralizing properties against scorpion toxins. All the peptides were immunogenic and some produced neutralizing antibodies, as verified by injecting the antisera with toxin into naive animals. However, direct challenge of pre-immunized mice (with the longest synthetic peptides of 27 and 57 amino acid residues) revealed an unexpected sensitization phenomena: the animals did not resist injection of one LD50 of purified toxin 2 (5% survival), but pre-immunization of mice with native toxin protected 100% of the animals. These findings suggest that vaccine preparations with synthetic peptides corresponding to the amino acid sequence of certain toxins should be analyzed cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Calderon-Aranda
- Department of Molecular Recognition and Structural Biology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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34
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Fiume L, Di Stefano G, Busi C, Mattioli A. A conjugate of lactosaminated poly-L-lysine with adenine arabinoside monophosphate, administered to mice by intramuscular route, accomplishes a selective delivery of the drug to the liver. Biochem Pharmacol 1994; 47:643-50. [PMID: 7510478 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(94)90126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A conjugate of the antiviral agent adenine arabinoside monophosphate (ara-AMP) with a low molecular mass lactosaminated poly-L-lysine, administered to mice by i.m. route, selectively delivers the drug to the liver. In mice the conjugate is devoid of acute toxicity even at high dose (1.3 mg/g) and injected i.m. for 20 days does not induce antibodies. Moreover it is highly soluble in water; this means that a pharmacologically active dose may be administered in a small volume compatible with the i.m. route. Compared to the similar ara-AMP complex with lactosaminated albumin which must be injected intravenously, the present conjugate might assure a better compliance of patients with hepatitis B virus infection for a long lasting, liver targeted antiviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fiume
- Dipartimento di Patologia Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, Italy
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35
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Morris A, Hewitt C, Young S. The major histocompatibility complex: its genes and their roles in antigen presentation. Mol Aspects Med 1994; 15:377-503. [PMID: 7837935 DOI: 10.1016/0098-2997(94)90041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Morris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
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36
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Kaumaya PT, Kobs-Conrad S, Seo YH, Lee H, VanBuskirk AM, Feng N, Sheridan JF, Stevens V. Peptide vaccines incorporating a 'promiscuous' T-cell epitope bypass certain haplotype restricted immune responses and provide broad spectrum immunogenicity. J Mol Recognit 1993; 6:81-94. [PMID: 7508238 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.300060206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An ideal peptide vaccine should contain both B- and T-cell epitopes. Recognition of antigen by B cells is highly dependent on the three-dimensional conformation of the antigen whereas T cells recognize antigen only after it has been processed to release a peptide fragment which is bound to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule. However, T cells provide 'help' to B cells displaying the same processed, MHC-restricted form of the antigen, demonstrating that the T-cell response to a protein antigen is under genetic control. Thus, strategies for co-inclusion of T cell 'helper' epitopes with the B-cell determinant elicit immune responses that are in most cases genetically restricted to only one or a few alleles of the MHC with limited activity across divergent MHC class II haplotypes. This genetically restricted T cell stimulatory activity of peptides is a serious obstacle and consequently such constructs would be of limited practical value as a vaccine targeted to a majority of an outbred population. In the study described here, we have engineered two peptides to encompass the sequences from the universally immunogenic tetanus toxoid (TT) epitope and the contraceptive vaccine candidate lactate dehydrogenase C4 (LDH-C4). We demonstrate the feasibility of using 'promiscuous' T-cell epitopes colinearly constructed with a defined B-cell epitope to induce high titer antipeptide IgG antibodies specific for native protein antigen LDH-C4 in several inbred strains of mice, outbred mice and rabbits. There appears to be a strong correlation between the capacity for the hybrid peptides to be stimulatory for the corresponding T cells in C57BL/6 (H-2b) and C3H/HeJ (H-2k) mice and their ability to be immunogenic. This correlation, however, appears to break down in H-2d strains of mice since no antibodies were detected in BALB/c and barely detectable levels of antibodies in B10.D2 although activated T cells were detectable. Conversely, high titers of antipeptide antibodies are elicited in some strains (B10.BR (H-2k); C57BL/10 (H-2b) without detectable IL-2 responses. Finally, we show that a determinant which was previously restricted to H-2k can be rendered immunogenic in H-2b with the 'promiscuous' TT epitope. Thus, certain haplotype-restricted immune responses can be bypassed, setting forth the ground work for the design of a universal vaccine by broadening the effective response in a larger number of individuals typical of the genetically diverse outbred human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Kaumaya
- College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
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37
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38
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Novello AC. The HIV/AIDS epidemic: a current picture. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1992; 8:695-707. [PMID: 1515219 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1992.8.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A C Novello
- Surgeon General, Public Health Service, Washington, D.C. 20201
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39
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Aasted B, Leslie RG. Virus-specific B-lymphocytes are probably the primary targets for Aleutian disease virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1991; 28:127-41. [PMID: 1651029 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(91)90135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
368 1- to 5-year-old mink of wild-type or black genetic background were infected with Aleutian disease virus (ADV) naturally or using virus-containing immune complexes or purified virus. Thirty of the mink were immunized with dinitrophenol-conjugated ovalbumin (DNP-OA) before and during infection. Blood samples were taken at monthly intervals. We found that weak (and transient) monoclonal or oligoclonal immunoglobulin components were present in the plasma or serum approximately 1 month after infection, as judged by zone electrophoresis. In a few cases, we found quite stable myeloma-like hypergammaglobulinemia, which usually occurs much later in the infection. All sera with monoclonal immunoglobulin components and most of the sera with immunoglobulins of restricted heterogeneity were analysed by crossed serum line immunoelectrophoresis. In all cases, the distinct immunoglobulins were found to have antibody activity to ADV proteins. In the few sera from DNP-OA-immunized mink showing restricted immunoglobulin heterogeneity, this was also the case. The findings from the study imply that ADV-specific B lymphocytes are probably the primary targets for ADV. The resulting ADV replication introduces a "pseudo-transformation" stage, so that the infected B lymphocytes proliferate and differentiate to an extreme degree. The mechanism behind this B-cell pseudotransformation ability of ADV is a puzzle. It may, however, be important, that the p75/85 structural polypeptides of ADV contain an amino acid sequence almost identical to the GTP-binding pocket of the Ras oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Aasted
- Department of Veterinary Virology and Immunology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Milich
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California 92037
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41
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Richman SJ, Reese RT. Immunologic modeling of a 75-kDa malarial protein with carrier-free synthetic peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988; 85:1662-6. [PMID: 2449696 PMCID: PMC279834 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.85.5.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A protein of 75 kDa is produced in large quantities by the human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum and is present on the surface of the merozoite, whose function is to infect erythrocytes. Based on nucleotide sequence coding for 40% of this protein, two nonoverlapping model peptides 13 and 19 residues long were synthesized, coupled to a keyhole limpet hemocyanin carrier, and used to immunize rabbits. Although both antisera had high titers of anti-peptide antibodies, only that raised against the 13-residue peptide showed good reactivity against the original protein. Although the 19-mer adopted the helical secondary structure predicted for the corresponding protein region, antisera against this peptide reacted with the native protein weakly or not at all. Concluding that the poor anti-protein reactivity was due to modification of lysine-containing epitopes by glutaraldehyde conjugation, we used a carrier-free 28-residue peptide presented as a 56-residue disulfide-bonded dimer to model the same region. This peptide, in contrast to the conjugated 19-mer, stimulated the production of IgG antibodies that reacted at high dilution with the authentic protein in immunoblots, ELISA, and radioimmunoprecipitation assays. These data indicate that large carrier-free peptides may be successfully used as immunogens. In addition, our results show that this strategy may greatly improve the ability of conjugation-sensitive peptides to stimulate antibodies reactive with the original protein and therefore has substantial practical application.
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Bonfa E, Chu JL, Brot N, Elkon KB. Lupus anti-ribosomal P peptide antibodies show limited heterogeneity and are predominantly of the IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1987; 45:129-38. [PMID: 3113787 DOI: 10.1016/0090-1229(87)90119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A 22-amino acid synthetic peptide (P peptide) containing the conserved, shared autoantigenic determinants of the ribosomal P proteins was conjugated to rabbit serum albumin and used to analyze anti-P heterogeneity in 17 lupus sera. Anti-P peptide antibodies demonstrated moderate restriction in isotype (IgM and IgG, but not IgA), subclass (predominantly IgG1 and IgG2), light chain type (predominantly kappa) and spectrotype. In one serum, almost exclusive use of IgG2 and the kappa light chain was observed. These findings indicate that there is a nonrandom selection of heavy and light chain constant region genes as well as limited variable region diversity in the anti-P peptide response.
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43
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Thornton J. Peptides: the vaccines of the future? Trends Biochem Sci 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0968-0004(86)90296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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van Dijk H, Rademaker PM, Klerx JP, Snippe H, Willers JM. Surface-associated sialic acid is an immunological adjuvant. Immunol Lett 1985; 11:337-42. [PMID: 4093153 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2478(85)90117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The influence of neuraminidase on the immunogenicity of heterologous erythrocytes as determined by serum haemagglutination titres was investigated in mice. For this study sheep and rabbit erythrocytes were selected because of their high and low N-acetylneuraminic (sialic) acid content, respectively. Preincubation with neuraminidase resulted in a ten-fold reduction of the immunogenicity of sheep erythrocytes (ShE). By contrast, the immune response to rabbit erythrocytes appeared to be resistant to sialidase treatment. Addition of the extrinsic adjuvant dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide largely restored the immunogenicity of neuraminidase-treated ShE, but did not change the response to control-treated ShE. The maximal antibody level induced by neuraminidase-treated ShE was lower than that provoked by control ShE. These results suggest that sialic acid is both an intrinsic immunological adjuvant and an antigenic determinant of ShE. The adjuvant effect of sialic acid does not depend on complement component C3 as judged by the response of cobra venom factor-pretreated animals. In genetically C5-deficient and in nude mice, however, sialic acid showed diminished and absent adjuvant activity, respectively.
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Rihová B, Kopecek J, Ulbrich K, Pospisil M, Mancal P. Effect of the chemical structure of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers on their ability to induce antibody formation in inbred strains of mice. Biomaterials 1984; 5:143-8. [PMID: 6733215 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(84)90048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The homopolymer of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) and copolymers of HPMA differing in oligopeptide side chains (-Gly-Gly-OH; -Acap-Phe-OH; -Acap-Leu-HMDA and -Gly-Phe-Tyr-OH) or in their content (1%, 3.5% and 8.4% mole of -Gly-Gly-OH side chains) were investigated with respect to their ability to induce antibody formation and mitogenic reaction in inbred strains of mice. The dependence on the antigen dose, on composition of the side chain and on the genetic background of the immunized organism was defined. It was demonstrated that the specificity of the antibody formed is predominantly directed against oligopeptide side chains, though some part of the antibody is also produced against hydroxypropyl chains. Neither the homopolymer nor the copolymers behave in the tissue culture as mitogens.
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46
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GPC, CD and sedimentation analysis of poly-Lys and branched chain poly-Lys-poly-DL-Ala polypeptides. Colloid Polym Sci 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01458962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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47
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Abstract
By combining oligopeptide sequences with synthetic polymeric chains, carriers of drug models can be prepared. The drug model (p-nitroaniline) is cleaved from the carrier in the lysosomal compartment of the cell. By changing the length and structure of the oligopeptide sequence, it is possible to regulate the rate of cleavage of drug model by individual thiol proteinases (cathepsins B, H and L) which are the most important as regards cleavage of the substrates studied. By connecting synthetic polymeric chains via oligopeptide bridges, it is possible to regulate the molecular weight as well as the biodegradability of the carrier molecule. Molecular weight also influences other biological properties, e.g., elimination from the organism, rate of pinocytic uptake and biological activity. Homopolymer of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) is nonimmunogenic in rats. Attachment of oligopeptide side chains gives rise to a macromolecule possessing immunogenic activity. The degree of antibody response depends on the detailed structure of the copolymer.
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49
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50
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Dintzis RZ, Vogelstein B, Dintzis HM. Specific cellular stimulation in the primary immune response: experimental test of a quantized model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1982; 79:884-8. [PMID: 6950432 PMCID: PMC345857 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.3.884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dose-response and dose-suppression curves have been measured for the primary immune response in mice, in vivo and in vitro, by using size-fractionated linear polymers of acrylamide substituted with hapten. The results are in general agreement with a simple theory based on the premise that the specific primary immunological response is quantized at some fundamental and limiting step, requiring a minimum number of linked antigen receptors for response.
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