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Wang XF, Hu C, Li J, Wei R, Zhang X, Liu LL. A crystalline stannyne. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01555-4. [PMID: 38886614 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of heteronuclear alkyne analogues incorporating heavier group 14 elements (R1-C≡E-R2, E = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) has posed a long-standing challenge. Neutral silynes (R1-C≡Si(L)-R2) and germynes (R1-C≡Ge(L)-R2) stabilized by a Lewis base have achieved sufficient stability for structural characterization at low temperatures. Here we show the isolation of a base-free stannyne (R1-C≡Sn-R2) at room temperature, achieved through the strategic use of a bulky cyclic phosphino ligand in combination with a bulky terphenyl substituent. Despite an allenic structure with strong delocalization of π-electrons, this compound exhibits adjacent ambiphilic carbon and tin centres, forming a carbon-tin multiple bond with ionic character. The stannyne demonstrates reactivity similar to carbenes or stannylenes, reacting with 1-adamantyl isocyanide and 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene. Additionally, its carbon-tin bond can be saturated by Et3N·HCl or cleaved by isopropyl isocyanate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Feng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chaopeng Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiancheng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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2
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Parvathy P, Parameswaran P. Inorganometallic allenes [(Mn(η 5-C 5H 5)(CO) 2) 2(μ-E)] (E = Si-Pb): bis-allylic anionic delocalisation similar to organometallic allene but differential σ-donation and π-backdonation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:26526-26537. [PMID: 37752826 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03211f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of heavy group-14 tetrel atoms is known to diverge from that of the lighter congener carbon. Here, we report the structure and bonding in inorganometallic allenes [(MnCp(CO)2)2(μ-E)] (2E, E = Si-Pb; Cp = η5-C5H5). These inorganometallic allenes are structurally similar to the lighter organometallic analog [(MnCp(CO)2)2(μ-C)] (2C). The bonding analysis of these compounds at the M06/def2-TZVPP//BP86/def2-SVP level of theory identifies a linear Mn-E-Mn spine with delocalised, mutually orthogonal π-systems across this back-bone. This results in a bis-allylic anionic bonding scenario. However, the strength of the Mn-E bonding is found to be weaker in these inorganometallic allenes. The energy decomposition analysis at the BP86/TZ2P//BP86/def2-SVP level of theory further reveals that the bonding in these compounds cannot be represented by one unique heuristic bonding model, but multiple bonding models. For all 2E (E = C-Pb), the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson bonding model is one of the best bonding representations, where the central tetrel atom acts as a 4e- σ-donor and 4e- π-acceptor. The bonding analysis indicates that the carbon atom in the organometallic allene acts as a better π-acceptor than σ-donor, while the heavier tetrel atoms in the inorganometallic allenes are better σ-donors than π-acceptors. The npz-orbital is found to be a better σ-donor than the valence ns-orbital. However, when the bonding representation is changed to a traditional electron-sharing model, the contribution from the ns-orbital was found to be the largest in comparison to the interaction from the remaining three valence np-orbitals. It can be suggested that the ns-orbitals contribute more towards chemical bonding when participating via an electron-sharing interaction than a donor-acceptor interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parameswaran Parvathy
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala, 673601, India.
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala, 673601, India.
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3
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Agarwal A, Bose SK. Bonding Relationship between Silicon and Germanium with Group 13 and Heavier Elements of Groups 14-16. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3784-3806. [PMID: 33006219 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The topic of heavier main group compounds possessing multiple bonds is the subject of momentous interest in modern organometallic chemistry. Importantly, there is an excitement involving the discovery of unprecedented compounds with unique bonding modes. The research in this area is still expanding, particularly the reactivity aspects of these compounds. This article aims to describe the overall developments reported on the stable derivatives of silicon and germanium involved in multiple bond formation with other group 13, and heavier groups 14, 15, and 16 elements. The synthetic strategies, structural features, and their reactivity towards different nucleophiles, unsaturated organic substrates, and in small molecule activation are discussed. Further, their physical and chemical properties are described based on their spectroscopic and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Agarwal
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), JAIN (Deemed-to-be University) Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, 562112, India
| | - Shubhankar Kumar Bose
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), JAIN (Deemed-to-be University) Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, 562112, India
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4
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Ayoubi‐Chianeh M, Kassaee MZ. Stable four‐membered cyclosilylenes at theoretical levels. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Wedler HB, Wendelboe P, Tantillo DJ, Power PP. Second order Jahn-Teller interactions at unusually high molecular orbital energy separations. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5175-5182. [PMID: 32236283 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00137f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Second order Jahn-Teller (SOJT) effects arise from interactions between filled and empty molecular orbitals of like symmetry. These interactions often lead to structural distortions whose extent is inversely proportional to the energy difference between the interacting orbitals. The main objectives of the work described here are (1) the calculation (using density functional theory methods) of the energies of the valence molecular orbitals in the species EH3 (E = N, P, As or Sb), HEEH (E = C, Si, Ge or Sn), and H2EEH2, (E = C, Si, Ge or Sn) and (2) the correlation of these energies with barriers for planarization or linearization. The calculations suggest an upper limit of about 12 eV energy separation of the interacting levels for SOJT effects to be significant, which is considerably larger than previously thought and implies that SOJT effects may be more common than currently realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry B Wedler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Paul Wendelboe
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Philip P Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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6
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Xu LT, Thompson JVK, Dunning TH. Spin-Coupled Generalized Valence Bond Description of Group 14 Species: The Carbon, Silicon and Germanium Hydrides, XH n ( n = 1-4). J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2401-2419. [PMID: 30855956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although elements in the same group in the Periodic Table tend to behave similarly, the differences in the simplest Group 14 hydrides-XH n (X = C, Si, Ge; n = 1-4)-are as pronounced as their similarities. Spin-coupled generalized valence bond (SCGVB) as well as coupled cluster [CCSD(T)] calculations are reported for all of the molecules in the CH n/SiH n/GeH n series to gain insights into the factors underlying these differences. It is found that the relative weakness of the recoupled pair bonds of SiH and GeH gives rise to the observed differences in the ground state multiplicities, molecular structures, and bond energies of SiH n and GeH n. A number of factors that influence the strength of the recoupled pair bonds in CH, SiH, and GeH were examined. Two factors were identified as potential contributors to the decrease in the strengths of these bonds from CH to SiH and GeH: (i) a decrease in the overlap between the orbitals involved in the bond and (ii) an increase in Pauli repulsion between the electrons in the two lobe orbitals centered on the X atoms. Finally, an analysis of the hybridization of the SCGVB orbitals in XH4 indicates that they are closer to sp hybrids than sp3 hybrids, which implies that the underlying cause of the tetrahedral structure of the XH4 molecules is not a direct result of the hybridization of the X atom orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu T Xu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195
| | - Jasper V K Thompson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195
| | - Thom H Dunning
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195
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7
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Zhao L, Hermann M, Schwarz WHE, Frenking G. The Lewis electron-pair bonding model: modern energy decomposition analysis. Nat Rev Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Becerra R, Walsh R. Thermochemistry of germanium and organogermanium compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:988-1008. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06208k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the current state of thermochemistry (enthalpies of formation) of germanium and organogermanium compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Becerra
- Instituto de Quimica-Fisica ‘Rocasolano’
- C.S.I.C
- 28006 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Robin Walsh
- School of Chemistry
- University of Reading
- Reading
- UK
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9
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Wedler HB, Wendelboe P, Power PP. Second-Order Jahn–Teller (SOJT) Structural Distortions in Multiply Bonded Higher Main Group Compounds. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry B. Wedler
- Senspoint Design, 805 West Street, Petaluma, California 94952, United States
| | - Paul Wendelboe
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Philip P. Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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10
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Zhao J, Beckers H, Huang T, Wang X, Riedel S. H2MBH2 and M(μ-H)2BH2 Molecules Isolated in Solid Argon: Interelement M–B and M–H–B Bonds (M = Ge, Sn). Inorg Chem 2018; 57:2218-2227. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- School of Chemical
Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Institut fur Chemie und Biochemie−Anorganische
Chemie, Freie Universitat Berlin, Fabeckstrase 34/36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tengfei Huang
- School of Chemical
Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- School of Chemical
Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Institut fur Chemie und Biochemie−Anorganische
Chemie, Freie Universitat Berlin, Fabeckstrase 34/36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Beyond carbocations: Synthesis, structure and reactivity of heavier Group 14 element cations. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Melaimi M, Jazzar R, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Cyclische Alkylaminocarbene (CAACs): Neues von guten Bekannten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Michèle Soleilhavoup
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
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13
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Melaimi M, Jazzar R, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs): Recent Developments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10046-10068. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 507] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Michèle Soleilhavoup
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
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14
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Hua HC, Su MD. Mechanistic investigations and molecular properties of 1,2-bis(ferrocenyl)dimetallenes including group 14 elements. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04935h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The theoretical results suggest the reactivity increases in the order: 1-C ≪ 1-Si < 1-Ge < 1-Sn < 1-Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Cheng Hua
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiayi University
- Chiayi 60004
- Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiayi University
- Chiayi 60004
- Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
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15
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Su MD. CASSCF and CASMP2 study on the photoisomerization mechanisms of [tris(trialkylsilyl)silyl]cyclotetrasilene and related cyclobutene molecules. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00506g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The photo-isomerization reaction mechanisms for both cyclotetrasilene and cyclobutene are theoretically studied. The model computations show that the conical intersection mechanism plays a key role in these photochemical reactions and that there are no radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiayi University
- Chiayi 60004
- Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
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16
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Maity B, Koley D. Computational Investigation on the Role of Disilene Substituents Toward N 2O Activation. J Phys Chem A 2016; 121:401-417. [PMID: 27997197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b11988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of substituents in disilene mediated N2O activation was studied at the M06-2X/QZVP//ωB97xD/TZVP level of theory. The relationship between structural diversity and the corresponding reactivity of six disilenes (IA-Ft) in the presence of four different substituents (-NMe2, -Cl, -Me, -SiMe3) is addressed in this investigation. We primarily propose two plausible mechanistic routes: Pathway I featuring disilene → silylene decomposition followed by N2O coordination and Pathway II constituting the N2O attack without Si-Si bond cleavage. Depending on the fashion of N2O approach the latter route was further differentiated into Pathway IIa and Pathway IIb detailing the "end-on" and "side-on" attack to the disilene scaffold. Interestingly, the lone pair containing substituents (-NMe2, -Cl,) facilitates disilene → silylene dissociation; on the contrary it reduces the electrophilicity at Si center in silylene, a feature manifested with higher activation barrier during N2O attack. In the absence of any lone-pair influence from substituents (-Me, -SiMe3), the decomposition of disilenes is considerably endothermic. Therefore, Pathway I appears to be the less preferred route for both types of substituents. In Pathway IIa, the N2O moiety uniformly approaches via O-end to both the silicon centers in disilenes. However, the calculations reveal that Pathway IIa, although not operational for all disilenes, is unlikely to be a viable route due to the predominantly higher transition barrier (ca. 36 kcal/mol). The most feasible route in this current study accompanying moderately low activation barriers (∼19-26 kcal/mol) is Pathway IIb, which involves successive addition of two N2O units proceeding via terminal N, O toward the Si centers and is applicable for all disilenes. The reactivity of substituted disilenes can be estimated in terms of the first activation barrier of N2O attack. Surprisingly, in Pathway IIb, the initial activation barrier and hence the reactivity shows negligible correlation with Si-Si bond strength, indicating toward the versatility of the reaction route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bholanath Maity
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741246, India
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17
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Mohapatra C, Kundu S, Paesch AN, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D, Andrada DM, Frenking G, Roesky HW. The Structure of the Carbene Stabilized Si2H2 May Be Equally Well Described with Coordinate Bonds as with Classical Double Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10429-32. [PMID: 27494691 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene stabilized Si2H2 has been isolated in the molecular form of composition (Me-cAAC:)2Si2H2 (1) and (Cy-cAAC:)2Si2H2 (2) at room temperature. Compounds 1 and 2 were synthesized from the reduction of HSiCl3 using 3 equiv of KC8 in the presence of 1 equiv of Me-cAAC: and Cy-cAAC:, respectively. These are the first molecular examples of Si2H2 characterized by single crystal X-ray structural analysis. Moreover, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and (1)H as well as (29)Si NMR data are reported. Furthermore, the structure of compound 1 has been investigated by theoretical methods. The theoretical analysis of 1 explains equally well its structure with coordinate bonds as with classical double bonds of a 2,3-disila-1,3-butadiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrajeet Mohapatra
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen , Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen , Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander N Paesch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen , Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen , Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen , Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diego M Andrada
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-University Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35032-Marburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-University Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35032-Marburg, Germany
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen , Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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18
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19
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Tsurusaki A, Kyushin S. The Radical Anion of Cyclopentasilane‐Fused Hexasilabenzvalene. Chemistry 2015; 22:134-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tsurusaki
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Human Resources Cultivation Center Gunma University Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515 Japan
- Present address National Institute of Advanced Industrial, Science and Technology Tsukuba Central 5 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Soichiro Kyushin
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Human Resources Cultivation Center Gunma University Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515 Japan
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20
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Guo JD, Liptrot DJ, Nagase S, Power PP. The multiple bonding in heavier group 14 element alkene analogues is stabilized mainly by dispersion force effects. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6235-6244. [PMID: 30090241 PMCID: PMC6054042 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02707a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Computations on the heavier group 14 dimetallenes [E{CH(SiMe3)2}2]2 and [E{N(SiMe3)2}2]2 (E = Ge, Sn, or Pb) and their respective monomers indicated that empirically observed dimerization is principally driven by attractive dispersion forces.
The structures and bonding in the heavier group 14 element olefin analogues [E{CH(SiMe3)2}2]2 and [E{N(SiMe3)2}2]2 (E = Ge, Sn, or Pb) and their dissociation into :E{CH(SiMe3)2}2 and :E{N(SiMe3)2}2 monomers were studied computationally using hybrid density functional theory (DFT) at the B3PW91 with basis set superposition error and zero point energy corrections. The structures were reoptimized with the dispersion-corrected B3PW91-D3 method to yield dispersion force effects. The calculations generally reproduced the experimental structural data for the tetraalkyls with a few angular exceptions. For the alkyls, without the dispersion corrections, dissociation energies of –2.3 (Ge), +2.1 (Sn), and –0.6 (Pb) kcal mol–1 were calculated, indicating that the dimeric E–E bonded structure is favored only for tin. However, when dispersion force effects are included, much higher dissociation energies of 28.7 (Ge), 26.3 (Sn), and 15.2 (Pb) kcal mol–1 were calculated, indicating that all three E–E bonded dimers are favored. Calculated thermodynamic data at 25 °C and 1 atm for the dissociation of the alkyls yield ΔG values of 9.4 (Ge), 7.1 (Sn), and –1.7 (Pb) kcal mol–1, indicating that the dimers of Ge and Sn, but not Pb, are favored. These results are in harmony with experimental data. The dissociation energies for the putative isoelectronic tetraamido-substituted dimers [E{N(SiMe3)2}2]2 without dispersion correction are –7.0 (Ge), –7.4 (Sn), and –4.8 (Pb) kcal mol–1, showing that the monomers are favored in all cases. Inclusion of the dispersion correction yields the values 3.6 (Ge), 11.7 (Sn), and 11.8 (Pb) kcal mol–1, showing that dimerization is favored but less strongly so than in the alkyls. The calculated thermodynamic data for the amido germanium, tin, and lead dissociation yield ΔG values of –12.2, –3.7, and –3.6 kcal mol–1 at 25 °C and 1 atm, consistent with the observation of monomeric structures. Overall, these data indicate that, in these sterically-encumbered molecules, dispersion force attraction between the ligands is of greater importance than group 14 element–element bonding, and is mainly responsible for the dimerization of the metallanediyls species to give the dimetallenes. In addition, calculations on the non-dissociating distannene [Sn{SiMetBu2}2]2 show that the attractive dispersion forces are key to its stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Dong Guo
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry , Kyoto University , Takano-Nishiraki-cho 34-4 , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto , Japan 606-8103 .
| | - David J Liptrot
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States .
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry , Kyoto University , Takano-Nishiraki-cho 34-4 , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto , Japan 606-8103 .
| | - Philip P Power
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States .
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The exceptions to the Walsh rules: Linear and cyclic structures of EX2 (E=C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb and X=O, S, Se). COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Frenking G, Tonner R, Klein S, Takagi N, Shimizu T, Krapp A, Pandey KK, Parameswaran P. New bonding modes of carbon and heavier group 14 atoms Si–Pb. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:5106-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00073k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecules which possess chemical bonds where a bare group-14 atom C–Pb is bonded to σ-donor ligands L or to a transition metal fragment [TM] through donor–acceptor interactions are discussed together with an analysis of the bonding situation with modern quantum chemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Tonner
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Klein
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nozomi Takagi
- Fukui Institute of Fundamental Chemistry
- Kyoto University
- Japan
| | - Takayazu Shimizu
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Krapp
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Krishna K. Pandey
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Devi Ahilya University Indore
- Indore-452017, India
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Calicut
- Calicut - 673 601, India
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24
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Hermann M, Goedecke C, Jones C, Frenking G. Reaction Pathways for Addition of H2 to Amido-Ditetrylynes R2N–EE–NR2 (E = Si, Ge, Sn). A Theoretical Study. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4007888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hermann
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 1, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Catharina Goedecke
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 1, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Cameron Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O.
Box 23, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 1, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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25
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Al-Rafia SMI, Momeni MR, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Brown A, Rivard E. Stable Complexes of Parent Digermene: An Inorganic Analogue of Ethylene. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400361n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Ibrahim Al-Rafia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Mohammad R. Momeni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Alex Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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26
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Caputo CA, Power PP. Heavier Main Group Dimetallene Reactivity: Effects of Frontier Orbital Symmetry. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California
95616, United States
| | - Philip P. Power
- Department of Chemistry, The University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California
95616, United States
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Liao WH, Ho PY, Su MD. Mechanisms for the reactions of group 10 transition metal complexes with metal-group 14 element bonds, Bbt(Br)E═M(PCy3)2 (E = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; M = Pd and Pt). Inorg Chem 2013; 52:1338-48. [PMID: 23339483 DOI: 10.1021/ic302031f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structures of the Bbt(Br)E═M(PCy(3))(2) (E = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb and M = Pt, Pd) complexes and their potential energy surfaces for the formation and water addition reactions were studied using density functional theory (B3LYP/LANL2DZ). The theoretical evidence suggests that the bonding character of the E═M double bond between the six valence-electron Bbt(Br)E: species and the 14 valence-electron (PCy(3))(2)M complexes has a predominantly high s-character. That is, on the basis of the NBO, this theoretical study indicates that the σ-donation from the E element to the M atom prevails. Also, theoretical computations suggest that the relative reactivity decreases in the order: Bbt(Br)C═M(PCy(3))(2) > Bbt(Br)Si═M(PCy(3))(2) > Bbt(Br)Ge═M(PCy(3))(2) > Bbt(Br)Sn═M(PCy(3))(2) > Bbt(Br)Pb═M(PCy(3))(2), irrespective of whether M = Pt or M = Pd is chosen. Namely, the greater the atomic weight of the group 14 atom (E), the larger is the atomic radius of E and the more stable is its Bbt(Br)E═M(PCy(3))(2) doubly bonded species toward chemical reactions. The computational results show good agreement with the available experimental observations. The theoretical results obtained in this work allow a number of predictions to be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hung Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
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28
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Are They Linear, Bent, or Cyclic? Quantum Chemical Investigation of the Heavier Group 14 and Group 15 Homologues of HCN and HNC. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:1296-311. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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The nature of the C–As bonds in arsaalkynes: an atoms in molecules and electron localization function study. Theor Chem Acc 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-012-1141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kira M. Bonding and structure of disilenes and related unsaturated group-14 element compounds. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2012; 88:167-191. [PMID: 22687739 PMCID: PMC3409869 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.88.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Structure and properties of silicon-silicon doubly bonded compounds (disilenes) are shown to be remarkably different from those of alkenes. X-Ray structural analysis of a series of acyclic tetrakis(trialkylsilyl)disilenes has shown that the geometry of these disilenes is quite flexible, and planar, twist or trans-bent depending on the bulkiness and shape of the trialkylsilyl substituents. Thermal and photochemical interconversion between a cyclotetrasilene and the corresponding bicyclo[1.1.0]tetrasilane occurs via either 1,2-silyl migration or a concerted electrocyclic reaction depending on the ring substituents without intermediacy of the corresponding tetrasila-1,3-diene. Theoretical and spectroscopic studies of a stable spiropentasiladiene have revealed a unique feature of the spiroconjugation in this system. Starting with a stable dialkylsilylene, a number of elaborated disilenes including trisilaallene and its germanium congeners are synthesized. Unlike carbon allenes, the trisilaallene has remarkably bent and fluxional geometry, suggesting the importance of the π-σ* orbital mixing. 14-Electron three-coordinate disilene-palladium complexes are found to have much stronger π-complex character than related 16-electron tetracoordinate complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Kira
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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31
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32
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Power PP. Reactions of heavier main-group compounds with hydrogen, ammonia, ethylene and related small molecules. CHEM REC 2011; 12:238-55. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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33
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Power PP. Interaction of multiple bonded and unsaturated heavier main group compounds with hydrogen, ammonia, olefins, and related molecules. Acc Chem Res 2011; 44:627-37. [PMID: 21661725 DOI: 10.1021/ar2000875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We showed in 2005 that a digermyne, a main group compound with a digermanium core and aromatic substituents, reacted directly with hydrogen at 25 °C and 1 atm to give well-defined hydrogen addition products. This was the first report of a reaction of main group molecules with hydrogen under ambient conditions. Our group and a number of others have since shown that several classes of main group molecules, either alone or in combination, react directly (in some cases reversibly) with hydrogen under mild conditions. Moreover, this reactivity was not limited to hydrogen but also included direct reactions with other important small molecules, including ammonia, boranes, and unactivated olefins such as ethylene. These reactions were largely unanticipated because main group species were generally considered to be too unreactive to effect such transformations. In this Account, we summarize recent developments in the reactions of the multiple bonded and other open shell derivatives of the heavier main group elements with hydrogen, ammonia, olefins, or related molecules. We focus on results generated primarily in our laboratory, which are placed in the context of parallel findings by other researchers. The close relationship between HOMO-LUMO separations, symmetry considerations, and reactivity of the open shell in main group compounds is emphasized, as is their similarity in reactivity to transition metal organometallic compounds. The unexpectedly potent reactivity of the heavier main group species arises from the large differences in bonding between the light and heavy elements. Specifically, the energy levels within the heavier element molecules are separated by much smaller gaps as a result of generally lower bond strengths. In addition, the ordering and symmetries of the energy levels are generally different for their light counterparts. Such differences lie at the heart of the new reactions. Moreover, the reactivity of the molecules can often be interpreted qualitatively in terms of simple molecular orbital considerations. More quantitative explanations are accessible from increasingly sophisticated density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We open with a short description of the background developments that led to this work. These advances involved the synthesis and characterization of numerous new main group molecules involving multiple bonds or unsaturated configurations; they were pursued over the latter part of the last century and the beginning of the new one. The results firmly established that the structures and bonding in the new compounds differed markedly from those of their lighter element congeners. The knowledge gained from this fundamental work provided the framework for an understanding of their structures and bonding, and hence an understanding of the reactivity of the compounds discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip P. Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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34
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Kira M. Distortion Modes of Heavy Ethylenes and Their Anions: π–σ* Orbital Mixing Model. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200609d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Kira
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Ghadwal RS, Roesky HW, Pröpper K, Dittrich B, Klein S, Frenking G. A Dimer of Silaisonitrile with Two-Coordinate Silicon Atoms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5374-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Ghadwal RS, Roesky HW, Pröpper K, Dittrich B, Klein S, Frenking G. A Dimer of Silaisonitrile with Two-Coordinate Silicon Atoms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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38
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Martinez-Guajardo G, Gómez-Saldoval Z, Jana DF, Calaminici P, Corminboeuf C, Merino G. Can an eight π-electron bare ring be planar? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:20615-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22415h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Chen JX, Kim CK, Lee HW, Xue Y, Kim CK. Reexamination of the π-bond strengths within H2C=XHn systems: a theoretical study. J Comput Chem 2010; 32:1361-7. [PMID: 21425291 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The accurate determination of π-bond energies, D(π), in doubly-bonded species has been an important issue in theoretical chemistry. The procedure using the divalent state stabilization energy defined by Walsh has been suggested, and the procedure seems to be conceptually reasonable and applicable to all kinds of doubly-bonded species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether the procedure could be a reliable methodology for estimating the D(π) values for a variety of H(2)C=XH(n) species. To achieve a higher accuracy, the D(π) values were estimated at QCISD(T)/6-311++G(3df,2p) level of theory combined with isogyric correction. The D(π) values estimated in this work were in excellent agreement with the extant literature values. On the other hand, in determining accurate D(π) values for doubly bonded species, especially in species with lone-pair electrons such as H(2)C=O, it has been found that consideration of highly sophisticated electron correlation effects could be important. However, sufficiently accurate D(π) values have been obtainable at QCISD(T) or CCSD(T) levels with a 6-311++G(3df,2p) basis set on geometries at relatively inferior correlated levels such as MP2 and B3LYP levels with a 6-31+G(d) basis set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xian Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
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40
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cis-trans Germanium chains in the intermetallic compounds ALi1–xInxGe2 and A2(Li1–xInx)2Ge3 (A=Sr, Ba, Eu)—experimental and theoreticalstudies. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2010.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Lei H, Fettinger JC, Power PP. Synthesis and Structures of Low-Valent Alkynyl Tin and Germanium Complexes Supported by Terphenyl Ligands: Heavier Group 14 Element Enediyne Analogues. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100492u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
| | - Philip P. Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
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42
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43
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44
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Kira M. An isolable dialkylsilylene and its derivatives. A step toward comprehension of heavy unsaturated bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:2893-903. [DOI: 10.1039/c002806a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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45
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Kira M, Iwamoto T, Ishida S, Masuda H, Abe T, Kabuto C. Unusual Bonding in Trisilaallene and Related Heavy Allenes. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:17135-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ja904525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Kira
- Department of Chemistry, and Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, and Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, and Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hidenori Masuda
- Department of Chemistry, and Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takashi Abe
- Department of Chemistry, and Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Chizuko Kabuto
- Department of Chemistry, and Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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46
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Xu YJ, Fu X. Functionalization of the semiconductor surfaces of diamond (100), Si (100), and Ge (100) by cycloaddition of transition metal oxides: a theoretical prediction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:9840-9846. [PMID: 19499936 DOI: 10.1021/la900942e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The viability of functionalization of the semiconductor surfaces of diamond (100), Si (100), and Ge (100) by traditional [3 + 2] cycloaddition of transition metal oxides has been predicted using effective cluster models in the framework of density functional theory. The cycloaddition of transition metal oxides (OsO(4), RuO(4), and MnO(4)(-)) onto the X (100) (X = C, Si, and Ge) surface is much more facile than that of other molecular analogues including ethylene, fullerene, and single-walled carbon nanotubes because of the high reactivity of surface dimers of X (100). Our computational results demonstrate the plausibility that the well-known [3 + 2] cycloaddition of transition metal oxides to alkenes in organic chemistry can be employed as a new type of surface reaction to functionalize the semiconductor X (100) surface, which offers the new possibility for self-assembly or chemical functionalization of X (100) at low temperature. More importantly, the chemical functionalization of X (100) by cycloaddition of transition metal oxides provides the molecular basis for preparation of semiconductor-supported catalysts but also strongly advances the concept of using organic reactions to modify the solid surface, particularly to modify the semiconductor C (100), Si (100), and Ge (100) surfaces for target applications in numerous fields such as microelectronics and heterogeneous photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Xu
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Photocatalysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China.
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47
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Wang RH, Su MD. Density Functional Theory Study of the Reactivities of Perimidine-Based Carbene Analogues of the Group 14 Elements. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900339d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Hong Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan, Republic of China
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48
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Ray M, Nakao Y, Sato H, Sakaba H, Sakaki S. How to Stabilize η3-Silapropargyl/Alkynylsilyl Complex of [CpL2M]+(L = CO, PMe3, or PF3 and M = W or Mo): Theoretical Prediction. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om8006163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mausumi Ray
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Nishihiraki-cho Takano, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Nakao
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Nishihiraki-cho Takano, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Nishihiraki-cho Takano, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakaba
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Nishihiraki-cho Takano, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Sakaki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Nishihiraki-cho Takano, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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49
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Gopakumar G, Ngan VT, Lievens P, Nguyen MT. Electronic Structure of Germanium Monohydrides GenH, n = 1−3. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:12187-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jp805173n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Gopakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism, and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry (INPAC), University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vu Thi Ngan
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism, and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry (INPAC), University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Lievens
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism, and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry (INPAC), University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism, and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry (INPAC), University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Masae Takahashi
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kawazoe
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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