1
|
Chen F, Wang Y, He J, Smith C, Xue G, Zhao Y, Peng Y, Zhang J, Liu J, Chen J, Xie P. Alternative signal pathways underly fertilization and egg activation in a fish with contrasting modes of spawning. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:167. [PMID: 37016278 PMCID: PMC10074663 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The processes of fertilization and egg activation are vital for early embryogenesis. However, while the mechanisms associated with key events during these processes differ among species and modes of spawning, the signal pathways underlying these processes are opaque for many fishes, including economically important species. RESULTS We investigated phenotypic traits, ultrastructure and protein expression levels in the eggs of the topmouth culter (Culter alburnus), a protected and economically important freshwater fish that exhibits two spawning modes, producing semi-buoyant eggs and adhesive eggs. Unfertilized eggs of C. alburnus were examined, as well as eggs at fertilization and 30 min post fertilization. Our results showed that in semi-buoyant eggs, energy metabolism was activated at fertilization, followed by elevated protein expression of cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interactions that resulted in rapid egg swelling; a recognized adaptation for lotic habitats. In contrast, in adhesive eggs fertilization initiated the process of sperm-egg fusion and blocking of polyspermy, followed by enhanced protein expression of lipid metabolism and the formation of egg envelope adhesion and hardening, which are adaptive in lentic habitats. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that alternative signal pathways differ between modes of spawning and timing during the key processes of fertilization and egg activation, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in adaptive early embryonic development in teleost fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Yeke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072, Wuhan, China
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Carl Smith
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ge Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yanghui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072, Wuhan, China.
- Institute of Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environment, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Morphological description of gametes in cave and surface populations of Astyanax mexicanus (De Filippi, 1853). ZYGOTE 2022; 30:719-729. [PMID: 35730544 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199422000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Mexican tetra Astyanax mexicanus presents two contrasting morphs, a widely distributed surface morph and a cave-adapted morph. These cave-adapted morphs have evolved independently from two different lineages (i.e. 'old' and 'new' lineages); therefore, this model system gives a unique opportunity to explore parallel adaptive evolution in biological traits. The present study corresponds to the first morphological description of the Astyanax mexicanus maturation process of the spermatozoa and oocytes, using thermal and hormonal stimuli to promote spermatogenesis and oogenesis, considering surface and cave morphs from both lineages. We corroborate the relevance of thermal and hormonal stimuli to promote gamete maturation. The hormone Ovaprim (GnRHa + Domperidone) is an effective promoter of ovarian development, maturation end in oocytes and spawning in Astyanax mexicanus. The sperm morphology of Astyanax mexicanus includes the sperm head, the midpiece, and tail or flagellum. We found differences in the spermatozoan total length between environments (F = 9.929, P = 0.05) and linages (F = 49.86, P = 0.005). The oocytes showed a spherical conformation with a mean diameter of 822.4 ± 194.1 μm for the surface populations, and 604.6 ± 38.3 µm for the cave populations. The oocyte chorion presents ridges and grooves that are arranged radially towards the micropyle. A plug in the micropyle zone was observed after fertilization, confirmed by the outer membrane of the chorion, which provides some weak adhesiveness to the substrate. We observed differences in chorion thickness between the contrasting environmental conditions. This is the first morphological characterization of the Sótanos Vázquez, Escondido and Tigre, which previous to this study were only known from speleological expeditions, with no previous biological information available.
Collapse
|
3
|
Żelazowska M, Kujawa R. Microscopic study of the primary growth ovarian follicles of the pike-perch Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus 1758) (Actinopterygii, Perciformes). Micron 2022; 160:103318. [PMID: 35759902 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2022.103318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ovaries of Sander lucioperca (Actinopterygii, Perciformes) are made up of the germinal epithelium and ovarian follicles, in which primary oocytes grow. Each follicle is composed of an oocyte surrounded by flattened follicular cells, the basal lamina, and thecal cells. The early stages of oocyte development (primary growth = previtellogenesis) are not fully explained in this species. The results of research with the use of stereoscopic, light, fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopes on ovarian follicles containing developing primary oocytes of S. lucioperca are presented. The polarization and ultrastructure of oocytes are described and discussed. The deposition of egg envelopes during the primary growth and the ultrastructure of the eggshell in maturing follicles of S. lucioperca are also presented. Nuclei in primary oocytes comprise lampbrush chromosomes, nuclear bodies, and nucleoli. Numerous additional nucleoli arise in the nucleoplasm during primary growth and locate close to the nuclear envelope. The Balbiani body in the cytoplasm of oocytes (ooplasm) is composed of nuage aggregations of nuclear origin and mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and Golgi apparatus. The presence of the Balbiani body was reported in oocytes of numerous species of Actinopterygii; however, its ultrastructure was investigated in a limited number of species. In primary oocytes of S. lucioperca, the Balbiani body is initially located in the perinuclear ooplasm on one side of the nucleus. Next, it surrounds the nucleus, expands toward the plasma membrane of oocytes (oolemma), and becomes fragmented. Within the Balbiani body, the granular nuage condenses in the form of threads, locates near the oolemma, at the vegetal oocyte pole, and then dissolves. Mitochondria and cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) are present between the threads. During primary growth micropylar cells differentiate in the follicular epithelium. They contain cisternae and vesicles of the RER and Golgi apparatus as well as numerous dense vesicles suggesting high synthetic and secretory activity. During the final step of primary growth several follicular cells delaminate from the follicular epithelium, migrate toward the oocyte and submerge in the most external egg envelope. In the ooplasm, three regions are distinguished: perinuclear, endoplasm, and periplasm. Cortical alveoli arise in the perinuclear ooplasm and in the endoplasm as a result of the fusion of RER vesicles with Golgi ones. They are evenly distributed. Lamellar bodies in the periplasm store the plasma membrane and release it into a space between the follicular cells and the oocyte. The developing eggshell in this space is made up of two egg envelopes (the internal one and the external) that are pierced by canals formed around the microvilli of oocytes and the processes of follicular cells. In the deposition of egg envelopes the oocyte itself and follicular cells are engaged. In maturing ovarian follicles the eggshell is solid and the internal egg envelope is covered with protuberances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Żelazowska
- Department of Developmental Biology and Morphology of Invertebrates, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Roman Kujawa
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 2, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fine structure of micropylar regions of Cobitis hankugensis, Iksookimia longicorpa and their unisexual natural hybrids. ZYGOTE 2022; 30:516-521. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199421000988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Iksookimia longicorpa and Cobitis hankugensis are two species of fish distributed only on the Korean Peninsula. They have a unique reproductive ecology that naturally hybridizes into three widely known unisexual types, maintaining populations of almost all females. In this study, the fine structure of the micropyles of I. longicorpa, C. hankugensis and their hybrids was analyzed to find out how egg–sperm interaction, a common interspecies isolation mechanism, is possible between heterogeneous species. Analysis of 30 eggs from five females of each species revealed that all had one funnel-shaped micropylar region and a manhole-shaped micropyle canal. With the exception of C. hankugensis, which had no spiral grooves or ridges, the rest had counterclockwise spiral grooves and ridges on the micropylar region. All five species, however, showed identical groove patterns for the micropyle canal. The egg size was the largest in HL (one from the C. hankugensis locus with one from the I. longicorpa locus) and the smallest in C. hankugensis. In the hybrids, the HL type had the largest egg and HHL (two from the C. hankugensis locus with one from the I. longicorpa locus) type the smallest. For the diameter of the micropylar region and micropyle canal, the diploid I. longicorpa, C. hankugensis and HL were smaller than those of the triploid. In addition, as the ratio of the canal diameter to the eggs was lower in I. longicorpa than in C. hankugensis, it was confirmed that I. longicorpa has a relatively small micropyle canal compared with C. hankugensis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Does the Rainbow Trout Ovarian Fluid Promote the Spermatozoon on Its Way to the Egg? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179519. [PMID: 34502430 PMCID: PMC8430650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fertilization of freshwater fish occurs in an environment that may negatively affect the gametes; therefore, the specific mechanisms triggering the encounters of gametes would be highly expedient. The egg and ovarian fluid are likely the major sources of these triggers, which we confirmed here for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The ovarian fluid affected significantly spermatozoa performance: it supported high velocity for a longer period and changed the motility pattern from tumbling in water to straightforward moving in the ovarian fluid. Rainbow trout ovarian fluid induced a trapping chemotaxis-like effect on activated male gametes, and this effect depended on the properties of the activating medium. The interaction of the spermatozoa with the attracting agents was accompanied by the "turn-and-run" behavior involving asymmetric flagellar beating and Ca2+ concentration bursts in the bent flagellum segment, which are characteristic of the chemotactic response. Ovarian fluid created the optimal environment for rainbow trout spermatozoa performance, and the individual peculiarities of the egg (ovarian fluid)-sperm interaction reflect the specific features of the spawning process in this species.
Collapse
|
6
|
Killingbeck EE, Wilburn DB, Merrihew GE, MacCoss MJ, Swanson WJ. Proteomics support the threespine stickleback egg coat as a protective oocyte envelope. Mol Reprod Dev 2021; 88:500-515. [PMID: 34148267 PMCID: PMC8362008 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ancestrally marine threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) have undergone an adaptive radiation into freshwater environments throughout the Northern Hemisphere, creating an excellent model system for studying molecular adaptation and speciation. Ecological and behavioral factors have been suggested to underlie stickleback reproductive isolation and incipient speciation, but reproductive proteins mediating gamete recognition during fertilization have so far remained unexplored. To begin to investigate the contribution of reproductive proteins to stickleback reproductive isolation, we have characterized the stickleback egg coat proteome. We find that stickleback egg coats are comprised of homologs to the zona pellucida (ZP) proteins ZP1 and ZP3, as in other teleost fish. Our molecular evolutionary analyses indicate that across teleosts, ZP3 but not ZP1 has experienced positive Darwinian selection. Mammalian ZP3 is also rapidly evolving, and surprisingly some residues under selection in stickleback and mammalian ZP3 directly align. Despite broad homology, however, we find differences between mammalian and stickleback ZP proteins with respect to glycosylation, disulfide bonding, and sites of synthesis. Taken together, the changes we observe in stickleback ZP protein architecture suggest that the egg coats of stickleback fish, and perhaps fish more generally, have evolved to fulfill a more protective functional role than their mammalian counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Killingbeck
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Damien B Wilburn
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gennifer E Merrihew
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael J MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Willie J Swanson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kholodnyy V, Dzyuba B, Gadêlha H, Cosson J, Boryshpolets S. Egg-sperm interaction in sturgeon: role of ovarian fluid. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:653-669. [PMID: 32803545 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fertilization of freshwater fish occurs in the environment which negatively affects a lifespan of gametes mostly due to the osmotic shock; therefore, male gametes should reach the female gamete, as soon as possible. The existence of mechanisms controlling the encounter of gametes would be highly expedient in this case. By analogy with other species for which guidance was demonstrated, it is likely that this control may be performed by ovarian fluid or substances released by eggs. The aim was to study the effect of ovarian fluid and egg-released substances on spermatozoa behavior in sterlet. It was found that the presence of a particular concentration of ovarian fluid (30% solution in water) had an inhibiting effect on spermatozoa motility initiation. Lower concentrations of the ovarian fluid improved the longevity of spermatozoa and did not affect their trajectories. Test of chemotactic response (using a microcapillary injection of fluids into the suspension of motile spermatozoa) showed no effect of ovarian fluid on spermatozoa behavior, while at the same time, the attracting effect of the egg-conditioned medium was evident (i.e., due to some substances released from the eggs during their contact with freshwater). The results of the fertilization test showed that the presence of ovarian fluid prevented the eggs from losing the fertilizing ability due to the contact with water, as well as promoted the spermatozoa to fertilize the eggs during a longer period of time. Thus, the combined physicochemical action of "female factors" affects sterlet gametes during fertilization and may be involved in the guidance and selection mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy Kholodnyy
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Borys Dzyuba
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Hermes Gadêlha
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK
| | - Jacky Cosson
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Sergii Boryshpolets
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Charitonidou K, Ganias K. Using clustering algorithms for identification of fish oocyte cohorts based on the characteristics of cytoplasmic structures. Theriogenology 2021; 170:46-53. [PMID: 33984622 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In batch spawning fish, secondary growth oocytes (SGO) are recruited and spawned in successive cohorts, and multiple cohorts co-occur in spawning-capable females. So far, histological features such as the prevalence of cortical alveoli or yolk granules are conservatively used to distinguish oocytes in different developmental stages which do not necessarily correspond to different cohorts. In this way, valuable information about spawning dynamics remains unseen and consequently misleading conclusions might be drawn, especially for species with high spawning rates and increased overlapping among oocyte cohorts. We introduce a new method for grouping oocytes into different cohorts based on the application of the K-means clustering algorithm on the characteristics of cytoplasmic structures, such as the varying size and intensity of cortical alveoli and yolk granules in oocytes of different development. The method allowed the grouping of oocytes without the need of using oocyte diameter, and thus, a crucial histological bias dealing with the cutting angle and the orientation of reference points (e.g. nucleus) has been overcome. Using sardine, Sardina pilchardus, as a case study, the separation of cohorts provided new insight into the ovarian dynamics, indentifying successive recruitment of up to five oocyte cohorts between SGO recruitment and spawning. These results verified previous histological indications of the number of cohorts in sardine. Altogether, this method represents an improved tool to study species with complex ovarian dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Charitonidou
- Department of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kostas Ganias
- Department of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dymek AM, Piprek RP, Boroń A, Kirschbaum F, Pecio A. Ovary structure and oogenesis in internally and externally fertilizing Osteoglossiformes (Teleostei:Osteoglossomorpha). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Dymek
- Department of Comparative Anatomy Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research Faculty of Biology Jagiellonian University Cracow Poland
| | - Rafal P. Piprek
- Department of Comparative Anatomy Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research Faculty of Biology Jagiellonian University Cracow Poland
| | - Alicja Boroń
- Department of Zoology Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Olsztyn Poland
| | - Frank Kirschbaum
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences Humboldt University of Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Anna Pecio
- Department of Comparative Anatomy Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research Faculty of Biology Jagiellonian University Cracow Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim HT, Park JY. Comparative morphology and morphometry of the micropyle of two Korean rice-fishes, Oryzias latipes and Oryzias sinensis (Pisces, Adrianichthyidae). JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.20130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun T. Kim
- Department of Biological Science and Institute for Biodiversity Research, College of Natural Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea, e-mail: ,
| | - Jong Y. Park
- Department of Biological Science and Institute for Biodiversity Research, College of Natural Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea, e-mail: ,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Y, Chen F, He J, Xue G, Chen J, Xie P. Cellular and molecular modification of egg envelope hardening in fertilization. Biochimie 2020; 181:134-144. [PMID: 33333173 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization is an essential process that fundamentally impacts fitness. An egg changes dramatically after fertilization mediating the beginning of life, which mainly includes the transformation of the egg envelope via hardening, which is thought to be due to complex reactions involved in the conversion of cellular and molecular. This review highlights the mechanisms of egg envelope hardening in teleost fish. We conclude that the egg envelope hardening might be carried out in two steps. (a) A metalloprotease (alveolin) hydrolyzes the N-terminal proline-glutamine (Pro-Gln) region of zona pellucida (ZP) 1 and (b) triggers intermolecular cross-linking to ZP3 catalyzed by transglutaminase (TGase). The post-fertilization hardening of the egg envelope is an evolutionarily conserved phenomenon across species. We discuss the biochemical function and interaction of some factors reported to be essential to egg envelope hardening in mammalian and nonmammalian species, including metalloprotease, TGase, peroxidase/ovoperoxidase, and other factors (carbohydrate moieties, zinc and Larp6 proteins), and the relevant data suggest that egg envelope hardening is crucial to block polyspermy in internal fertilization, in addition to protecting the developing embryo from mechanical shock and preventing bacterial infection in external fertilization. Increased knowledge of the processes of egg envelope hardening and fertilization is likely to make a remarkable contribution to reproduction and aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeke Wang
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun He
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ge Xue
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Institute of Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environment, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Darszon A, Nishigaki T, López-González I, Visconti PE, Treviño CL. Differences and Similarities: The Richness of Comparative Sperm Physiology. Physiology (Bethesda) 2020; 35:196-208. [PMID: 32293232 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00033.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Species preservation depends on the success of fertilization. Sperm are uniquely equipped to fulfill this task, and, although several mechanisms are conserved among species, striking functional differences have evolved to contend with particular sperm-egg environmental characteristics. This review highlights similarities and differences in sperm strategies, with examples within internal and external fertilizers, pointing out unresolved issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Darszon
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca Morelos, México
| | - Takuya Nishigaki
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca Morelos, México
| | - Ignacio López-González
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca Morelos, México
| | - Pablo E Visconti
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Claudia L Treviño
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca Morelos, México
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Iwao Y, Kimoto C, Fujimoto A, Suda A, Hara Y. Physiological polyspermy: Selection of a sperm nucleus for the development of diploid genomes in amphibians. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:358-369. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Iwao
- Laboratory of Reproductive Developmental Biology, Division of Earth Sciences, Biology, and Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for InnovationYamaguchi University Yamaguchi Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Chihiro Kimoto
- Laboratory of Reproductive Developmental Biology, Division of Earth Sciences, Biology, and Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for InnovationYamaguchi University Yamaguchi Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Ayaka Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Reproductive Developmental Biology, Division of Earth Sciences, Biology, and Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for InnovationYamaguchi University Yamaguchi Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Asuka Suda
- Laboratory of Reproductive Developmental Biology, Division of Earth Sciences, Biology, and Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for InnovationYamaguchi University Yamaguchi Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Yuki Hara
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Cell Biology, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceYamaguchi University Yamaguchi Yamaguchi Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Macromolecular Characterization of Swordfish Oocytes by FTIR Imaging Spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8850. [PMID: 31222120 PMCID: PMC6586932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
During folliculogenesis, primary oocytes of teleosts grow by several orders of magnitude by-self synthesizing proteins and mRNA, or sequestering from blood specific macromolecular components, such as fatty acids and vitellogenin. All these materials are stored into cortical alveoli, yolk globules or oil droplets during oocyte development. The proper synthesis, storage and displacement of these macromolecular components inside the oocyte play a key role for a successful fertilization process and for the subsequently correct embryo development. In this study, for the first time, the FTIR Imaging (FTIRI) spectroscopy has been applied to characterize the chemical building blocks of several cellular components of swordfish oocytes at different developmental stages. In particular, the spectral features of previtellogenic (PV), vitellogenic (VTG), mature (M) and atretic (A) follicles as well as and of cortical alveoli (CA), yolk vesicles (YV), oil droplets (OD) and Zona Radiata (ZR) have been outlined, providing new insights in terms of composition and topographical distribution of macromolecules of biological interest such as lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and phosphates. The macromolecular characterization of swordfish oocytes at different developmental stages represents a starting point and a useful tool for the assessment of swordfish egg quality caught in different conditions, such as periods of the year or different fishing area.
Collapse
|
15
|
Silva DD, Cassel M, Mehanna M, Ferreira A, Dolder MAH. Follicular Development and Reproductive Characteristics in Four Species of Brazilian Tropidurus Lizards. Zoolog Sci 2019; 35:553-563. [PMID: 30520363 DOI: 10.2108/zs180030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The follicular development and reproductive characteristics of four species of oviparous lizards in the Tropidurus torquatus group were anatomically and histologically evaluated. We measured specimens, recorded the number of follicles and eggs, and removed the right ovary of each individual, which we processed according to histological routine and photo-documented. For all species, ovaries were divided into a cortical germinal bed, where oogonia and stage I oocytes are located, and a medullar stroma, where the remaining follicular developmental stages occur. Microscopic analysis did not show differences in ovarian follicle development for the four species of the T. torquatus group. The only measurement that presented significant variation throughout follicular development was the thickness of the granulosa layer in stage VII follicles. Regarding snout-tovent length at sexual maturity, few variations were observed among the species, with the smallest length recorded for T. oreadicus. Clutch size was higher for T. itambere and T. torquatus species, with a maximum of five and six eggs in the oviducts, respectively. Tropidurus oreadicus and T. hispidus had a maximum of five and six follicles, respectively, but neither species presented eggs in the oviducts. In addition, the reproductive activity varied among the four lizard species of the T. torquatus group. Finally, besides the morphological characteristics observed among these species, this is the first study to report data on the germinal bed, number of ovarian follicles, corpus luteum, and follicular atresia in relation to reproductive activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora da Silva
- 1 Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Rondonópolis. MT270 highway, Km 6, Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso 78735-901, Brazil
| | - Mônica Cassel
- 2 Mato Grosso Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology - Campus Alta Floresta. MT208 highway, s/n - Lt. 143-A, mailbox 148, Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso 78580-000, Brazil
| | - Mahmoud Mehanna
- 3 Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso. Fernando Corrêa da Costa av., 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Adelina Ferreira
- 3 Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso. Fernando Corrêa da Costa av., 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Mary Anne Heidi Dolder
- 4 Biology Institute, State University of Campinas. Monteiro Lobato st., 255 - Cidade Universitária, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zadmajid V, Myers JN, Sørensen SR, Ernest Butts IA. Ovarian fluid and its impacts on spermatozoa performance in fish: A review. Theriogenology 2019; 132:144-152. [PMID: 31022604 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Factors such as gamete quality can profoundly affect fertility, but the spawning micro-environment that surrounds the spermatozoa and eggs during gamete contact has largely been neglected. In fishes, understanding these gametic interactions is crucial because each female creates a unique spawning environment by simultaneously expelling her distinct ovarian fluid (OF) along with an egg batch. In turn, OF has been shown to influence spermatozoa performance traits by modifying spermatozoa behaviors and fertilization outcomes. Here, we shed light on these gametic interactions by overviewing literature on OF and how it impacts spermatozoa performance traits. Fish OF is clear or has slight coloration and can constitute ≤10-30% of egg mass. Viscosity of the OF is ∼2- to 3-fold higher than water and its pH ranges 6.2 to 8.8. Osmolality of the OF is lower in freshwater (190-322 mOsmol/kg) than marine species (289-514 mOsmol/kg). Na+ (98.3-213.7 mmol/L) and Cl- (89.8-172.7 mmol/L) are predominant ions in OF, while K+ (1.7-19.3 mmol/L), Mg2+ (0.4-8.1 mmol/L), and Ca2+(0.5-9.7 mmol/L) ions are detected at lower concentrations. Protein levels can be high in OF and exhibit intra- and inter-species variation (54-826 mg/100 mL). Fish OF also contains a series of organic components and substances that enhance and/or attract sperm towards the vicinity of an egg. OF can also differentially impact sperm based on genetic relatedness of mates, male phenotype (i.e. alternative reproductive tactics), or geographic origin. To conclude, when testing further reproductive paradigms, we suggest a shift from classic spermatozoa activation medium (water only) to more natural spawning media, which encompass OF-spermatozoa interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Zadmajid
- Department of Fisheries Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Jaelen Nicole Myers
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Sune Riis Sørensen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ian Anthony Ernest Butts
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Żelazowska M, Halajian A. Previtellogenic oocytes of South African largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides
Lacépède 1802 (Actinopterygii, Perciformes) - the Balbiani body, cortical alveoli and developing eggshell. J Morphol 2019; 280:360-369. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Żelazowska
- Department of Developmental Biology and Morphology of Invertebrates, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
| | - Ali Halajian
- Department of Biodiversity; University of Limpopo; Sovenga South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yi X, Yu J, Ma C, Dong G, Shi W, Li H, Li L, Luo L, Sampath K, Ruan H, Huang H. The effector of Hippo signaling, Taz, is required for formation of the micropyle and fertilization in zebrafish. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007408. [PMID: 30608921 PMCID: PMC6334976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that ensure fertilization of egg by a sperm are not fully understood. In all teleosts, a channel called the 'micropyle' is the only route of entry for sperm to enter and fertilize the egg. The micropyle forms by penetration of the vitelline envelope by a single specialized follicle cell, the micropylar cell. The mechanisms underlying micropylar cell specification and micropyle formation are poorly understood. Here, we show that an effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, the Transcriptional co-activator with a PDZ-binding domain (Taz), plays crucial roles in micropyle formation and fertilization in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Genome editing mutants affecting taz can grow to adults. However, eggs from homozygous taz females are not fertilized even though oocytes in mutant females are histologically normal with intact animal-vegetal polarity, complete meiosis and proper ovulation. We find that taz mutant eggs have no micropyle. Taz protein is specifically enriched in mid-oogenesis in the micropylar cell located at the animal pole of wild type oocyte, where it might regulate the cytoskeleton. Taz protein and micropylar cells are not detected in taz mutant ovaries. Our work identifies a novel role for the Hippo/Taz pathway in micropylar cell specification in zebrafish, and uncovers the molecular basis of micropyle formation in teleosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogui Yi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environments and Bio-Resources of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environments and Bio-Resources of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environments and Bio-Resources of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoping Dong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environments and Bio-Resources of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenpeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environments and Bio-Resources of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environments and Bio-Resources of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environments and Bio-Resources of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environments and Bio-Resources of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Karuna Sampath
- Cell & Developmental Biology Unit, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Hua Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environments and Bio-Resources of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Honghui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environments and Bio-Resources of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sun J, Yan L, Shen W, Meng A. Maternal Ybx1 safeguards zebrafish oocyte maturation and maternal-to-zygotic transition by repressing global translation. Development 2018; 145:dev.166587. [PMID: 30135188 DOI: 10.1242/dev.166587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Maternal mRNAs and proteins dictate early embryonic development before zygotic genome activation. In the absence of transcription, elaborate control of maternal mRNA translation is of particular importance for oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis. By analyzing zebrafish ybx1 mutants with a null allele, we demonstrate an essential role of maternal ybx1 in repressing global translation in oocytes and embryos. Loss of maternal Ybx1 leads to impaired oocyte maturation and egg activation. Maternal ybx1 (Mybx1) mutant embryos fail to undergo normal cleavage and the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT). Morpholino knockdown of ybx1 also results in MZT loss and epiboly failure, suggesting the postfertilization requirement of Ybx1. In addition, elevated global translation level and the unfolded protein response were found in Ybx1-depleted embryos. Supplementing translational repression by eIF4E inhibition markedly rescues the Mybx1 phenotype. Mechanistically, Ybx1 in embryos may associate with processing body components and repress translation when tethered to target mRNAs. Collectively, our results identify maternal Ybx1 as a global translational repressor required for oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lu Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weimin Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Anming Meng
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Thomé RG, de Oliveira Cardoso IC, de Oliveira SE, Santos HBD. Oogenesis is accompanied by cyclic morphological changes in hepatocytes of Neotropical freshwater fish Piabina argentea. Anat Histol Embryol 2018; 47:466-474. [PMID: 30014496 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We determined for the first time the reproductive biology of Piabina argentea through macroscopic and microscopic analysis of ovaries and evaluated the morphological changes in hepatocytes. Two hundred and 46 specimens were collected, 204 females and 42 males, between March 2014 and February 2015. Biometrics data were obtained. From females, gonad and liver samples were conducted to histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. Mature ovaries were used to determine absolute and relative fecundity. Total length and body weight values indicated that females were larger than males. The estimated weight-length ratio showed negative allometric growth. The absolute fecundity average was 171.83 ± 59.89 oocytes per ovary. In addition, females spawning capable and regressing stages were found throughout the sampling period and the presence of all oocyte types in regressing stage ovaries indicated asynchronous oocyte development and multiple spawning. From regenerating to spawning capable stage the oocytes accumulated yolk in cytoplasm became bigger. While in the liver hepatocytes with a larger cell area during regenerating stage and proliferative activity in the spawning capable stage were observed. Thus, our results indicate that P. argentea had an opportunistic reproductive strategy and cyclic morphological changes of hepatocytes occurred during the oogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph G Thomé
- Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos-LAPROTEC, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, Brasil
| | | | - Sabrina Elisa de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos-LAPROTEC, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, Brasil
| | - Hélio Batista Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos-LAPROTEC, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
All animal oocytes are surrounded by a glycoproteinaceous egg coat, a specialized extracellular matrix that serves both structural and species-specific roles during fertilization. Egg coat glycoproteins polymerize into the extracellular matrix of the egg coat using a conserved protein-protein interaction module-the zona pellucida (ZP) domain-common to both vertebrates and invertebrates, suggesting that the basic structural features of egg coats have been conserved across hundreds of millions of years of evolution. Egg coat proteins, as with other proteins involved in reproduction, are frequently found to be rapidly evolving. Given that gamete compatibility must be maintained for the fitness of sexually reproducing organisms, this finding is somewhat paradoxical and suggests a role for adaptive diversification in reproductive protein evolution. Here we review the structure and function of metazoan egg coat proteins, with an emphasis on the potential role their evolution has played in the creation and maintenance of species boundaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Killingbeck
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
| | - Willie J Swanson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Geßner C, Johnson SL, Fisher P, Clarke S, Rutherford K, Symonds J, Gemmell NJ. Male-female relatedness at specific SNP-linkage groups influences cryptic female choice in Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0853. [PMID: 28747474 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In a range of taxa, the relatedness between mates influences both pre- and post-mating processes of sexual selection. However, relatively little is known about the genetic loci facilitating such a bias, with the exception of the major histocompatibility complex. Here, we performed tightly controlled replicated in vitro fertilization trials to explore the impact of relatedness on two possible mechanisms of cryptic female choice (CFC) in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). We tested (i) whether relatedness of mates, assessed using 682 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on 29 SNP-linkage groups (LGs), biases a male's sperm velocity in ovarian fluid (a parameter previously shown to predict male fertilization success), and (ii) whether relatedness of mates governs fertilization success via other mechanisms, probably via sperm-egg interactions. We found that relatedness on three LGs explained the variation in sperm velocity, and relatedness on two LGs explained fertilization success, which might indicate the presence of genes important in sperm-ovarian fluid and sperm-egg interactions in these genomic regions. Mapping of the SNPs on these LGs to the rainbow trout genome revealed two genes that affect fertility in humans and represent candidate genes for further studies. Our results thereby provide a novel contribution to the understanding of the mechanism of CFC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Geßner
- Allan Wilson Centre, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Sheri L Johnson
- Allan Wilson Centre, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.,Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Paul Fisher
- AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Puddle Alley, Mosgiel 9053, New Zealand
| | - Shannon Clarke
- AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Puddle Alley, Mosgiel 9053, New Zealand
| | - Kim Rutherford
- Allan Wilson Centre, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Jane Symonds
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Bream Bay Aquaculture Park, Station Road, Ruakaka 0116, New Zealand
| | - Neil J Gemmell
- Allan Wilson Centre, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Universality and Diversity of a Fast, Electrical Block to Polyspermy During Fertilization in Animals. DIVERSITY AND COMMONALITY IN ANIMALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56609-0_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
24
|
Abstract
In fish with external fertilization, sperm must reach the oocyte through the micropyle to enter the cytoplasm. Fertilization success is then influenced by characteristics of oocytes or sperm. In this study, we evaluated oocyte morphology and sperm motility parameters and their effects on the inseminating dose in a teleost fish Astyanax altiparanae. Interestingly, we found one of the lowest yet described inseminating doses in teleosts (2390 spermatozoa oocyte-1 ml-1). Such a fertilization efficacy may be explained by the long duration of sperm motility (>75 s), the small oocyte diameter (695.119 µm), large micropyle diameter (7.57 µm), and the presence of grooves on the oocyte surface that guides spermatozoon to the fertilization area. Additionally, we have described for the first time a structure that combines grooves on the chorion surface and a ridge in the micropylar area.
Collapse
|
25
|
Ribeiro DC, Chagas J, Bashiyo-Silva C, Costa RS, Veríssimo-Silveira R, Ninhaus-Silveira A. Oocyte viability and cortical activation under different salt solutions in Prochilodus lineatus (Teleostei: Prochilodontidae). Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:932-938. [PMID: 28556240 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of five salt solutions in the maintenance of morphological features of cortical alveolus, hydration and fertilization capacity of Prochilodus lineatus oocytes. For this purpose, five saline solutions were tested: Ringer's solution, Ringer's lactate solution, Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), Hank's balanced salt solution without calcium (HBSS without calcium) and solution for salmonid eggs. Oocytes were maintained for 2 hr in saline solution with controlled temperature subsequently evaluated for hydration, cortical activation and fertilization ability. In the evaluation of the fertilization ability, two controls were used: C1-fertilized oocytes after extrusion-and C2-oocytes kept in ovarian fluid and fertilized after 2 hr. There was a significant reduction in the viability of oocytes C2 (28.8% ± 12.9%) compared to C1 (65.3% ± 26.7%), and no significant differences were found between treatments HBSS and HBSS without calcium and C2. Only HBSS and HBSS without calcium maintained the non-activated state of the gametes, with a fertilization rate of 16.4% ± 6.7% and 5.6% ± 2.3%, respectively; however, they did not extend the viability of oocytes, such that they continued to undergo degradation during the storage period, similar to oocytes retained only in ovarian fluid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D C Ribeiro
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jma Chagas
- Institute of Biosciences (IBB), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Bashiyo-Silva
- Institute of Biosciences (IBB), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira (FEIS), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R S Costa
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira (FEIS), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Veríssimo-Silveira
- Institute of Biosciences (IBB), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira (FEIS), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Ninhaus-Silveira
- Institute of Biosciences (IBB), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira (FEIS), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sexual selection for genetic compatibility: the role of the major histocompatibility complex on cryptic female choice in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 118:442-452. [PMID: 28051059 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptic female choice (CFC), a form of sexual selection during or post mating, describes processes of differential sperm utilization by females to bias fertilization outcomes towards certain males. In Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) the ovarian fluid surrounding the ova of a given female differently enhances the sperm velocity of males. Sperm velocity is a key ejaculate trait that determines fertilization success in externally fertilizing fishes, thus the differential effect on sperm velocity might bias male fertilization outcomes and represent a mechanism of CFC. Once sperm reach the oocyte, CFC could potentially be further facilitated by sperm-egg interactions, which are well understood in externally fertilizing marine invertebrates. Here, we explored the potential genetic basis of both possible mechanisms of CFC by examining whether the genotypic combinations of mates (amino-acid divergence, number of shared alleles) at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II explain the variation in sperm velocity and/or male fertilization success that is not explained by sperm velocity, which might indicate MHC-based sperm-egg interactions. We recorded sperm velocity in ovarian fluid, employed paired-male fertilization trials and evaluated the fertilization success of each male using microsatellite-based paternity assignment. We showed that relative sperm velocity was positively correlated with fertilization success, confirming that the differential effect on sperm velocity may be a mechanism of CFC in Chinook salmon. The variation in sperm velocity was independent of MHC class I and II. However, the MHC class II divergence of mates explained fertilization success, indicating that this locus might influence sperm-egg interactions.
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Melo RMC, Gomes DD, Moreira DP, Gomes MR, Bazzoli N, Rizzo E. Comparative morphology of the reproductive system of seven species of ostariophysan fishes from the upper Das Velhas River, Brazil. J Morphol 2016; 278:170-181. [PMID: 27862212 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The success of fishes in different environments is related with the variation of reproductive strategies developed by the systematic group, which is reflected in the morphology of the reproductive system and can have ecological and evolutionary implications. This study comparatively analyzed the morphological characteristics of the male and female reproductive systems of ostariophysan fish species from the upper Das Velhas River in the São Francisco River basin, Brazil. In order to accomplish this, 393 specimens belonging to seven fish species were sampled between April 2010 and June 2015 for histological, ultrastructural, histochemical, and morphometric analyses. All the species examined have anastomosing tubular testes with unrestricted distribution of spermatogonia. Astyanax bimaculatus, A. fasciatus, A. scabripinnis, and Harttia torrenticola had their spermatozoa embedded in a glycoprotein secretion within the tubule lumen. Most species had type I spermiogenesis, whereas Rhamdia quelen had type III spermiogenesis. While all females examined had asynchronous oocyte development, there were remarkable morphological, histochemical, and morphometric differences in the ovarian follicles and enveloping layers. Hoplias malabaricus and H. torrenticola, which exhibit parental care behaviour, had a significantly larger diameter of vitellogenic oocytes and larger spermatozoa nuclei. Apareiodon ibitiensis, H. torrenticola, and A. scabripinnis, species that have rheophilic preferences, exhibited a thicker zona radiata than the other species examined. The follicular cells of R. quelen and H. torrenticola were columnar and produced a jelly coat and mucosubstances, respectively. The females of the seven fish species studied show a correlation of the reproductive strategies with the reproductive system morphology, while males retained more similar morphological characteristics between species. J. Morphol. 278:170-181, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals,Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Magno Costa Melo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Débora Diniz Gomes
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Davidson Peruci Moreira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maysa Regina Gomes
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nilo Bazzoli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elizete Rizzo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Clupeiformes’ Egg Envelope Proteins characterization: The case of Engraulis encrasicolus as a proxy for stock assessment through a novel molecular tool. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 100:95-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
30
|
Morphology of gametes, post-fertilization events and the effect of temperature on the embryonic development of Astyanax altiparanae (Teleostei, Characidae). ZYGOTE 2016; 24:795-807. [PMID: 27220819 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199416000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the morphology of gametes, post-fertilization events and subsequent temperature effects on the early developmental stages of the neotropical species Astyanax altiparanae. The sperm of this species presents a typical morphology of teleost sperm with a spherical head (diameter = 1.88 µm), midpiece (diameter = 0.75 µm) and a single flagellum (length = 18.67 µm). The extrusion of the second polar body and fusion of male and female pronucleus were reported for the first time in this species. Additionally, we observed the formation of the fertilization cone, which prevents polyspermic fertilization. Developmental stages at 22°C, 26°C and 30°C gave rise to fertilization rates at 91.12, 91.42 and 93.04% respectively. Hatching occurred at 25 hpf at 22°C, 16 hpf at 26°C and 11 hpf at 30°C and the hatching rates were 61.78%, 62.90% and 59.45%, respectively. At 22°C, the second polar body was extruded at ≈6 mpf and the male and female pronucleus fused at ≈10 mpf. This fundamental information is important for the field and opens up new possibilities in fish biotechnology, including micromanipulation and chromosome-set manipulation.
Collapse
|
31
|
Honorato-Sampaio K, Prado PS, Sato Y, Bazzoli N, Rizzo E. Comparative morphology of the oocyte surface and early development in four characiformes from the São Francisco River, Brazil. J Morphol 2015; 276:1258-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kinulpe Honorato-Sampaio
- Departamento De Morfologia; Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, UFMG; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brasil
| | - Paula Suzanna Prado
- Departamento De Morfologia; Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, UFMG; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brasil
| | - Yoshimi Sato
- Estação De Hidrobiologia E Piscicultura De Três Marias, Companhia De Desenvolvimento Dos Vales Do São Francisco E Parnaíba CODEVASF; Três Marias Minas Gerais Brasil
| | - Nilo Bazzoli
- Departamento De Morfologia; Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, UFMG; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brasil
- Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Zoologia De Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica De Minas Gerais, PUC Minas; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brasil
| | - Elizete Rizzo
- Departamento De Morfologia; Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, UFMG; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li-Villarreal N, Forbes MM, Loza AJ, Chen J, Ma T, Helde K, Moens CB, Shin J, Sawada A, Hindes AE, Dubrulle J, Schier AF, Longmore GD, Marlow FL, Solnica-Krezel L. Dachsous1b cadherin regulates actin and microtubule cytoskeleton during early zebrafish embryogenesis. Development 2015; 142:2704-18. [PMID: 26160902 DOI: 10.1242/dev.119800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dachsous (Dchs), an atypical cadherin, is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of planar cell polarity, tissue size and cell adhesion. In humans, DCHS1 mutations cause pleiotropic Van Maldergem syndrome. Here, we report that mutations in zebrafish dchs1b and dchs2 disrupt several aspects of embryogenesis, including gastrulation. Unexpectedly, maternal zygotic (MZ) dchs1b mutants show defects in the earliest developmental stage, egg activation, including abnormal cortical granule exocytosis (CGE), cytoplasmic segregation, cleavages and maternal mRNA translocation, in transcriptionally quiescent embryos. Later, MZdchs1b mutants exhibit altered dorsal organizer and mesendodermal gene expression, due to impaired dorsal determinant transport and Nodal signaling. Mechanistically, MZdchs1b phenotypes can be explained in part by defective actin or microtubule networks, which appear bundled in mutants. Accordingly, disruption of actin cytoskeleton in wild-type embryos phenocopied MZdchs1b mutant defects in cytoplasmic segregation and CGE, whereas interfering with microtubules in wild-type embryos impaired dorsal organizer and mesodermal gene expression without perceptible earlier phenotypes. Moreover, the bundled microtubule phenotype was partially rescued by expressing either full-length Dchs1b or its intracellular domain, suggesting that Dchs1b affects microtubules and some developmental processes independent of its known ligand Fat. Our results indicate novel roles for vertebrate Dchs in actin and microtubule cytoskeleton regulation in the unanticipated context of the single-celled embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanbing Li-Villarreal
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Meredyth M Forbes
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrew J Loza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jiakun Chen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Taylur Ma
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kathryn Helde
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Cecilia B Moens
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jimann Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Atsushi Sawada
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anna E Hindes
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Julien Dubrulle
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alexander F Schier
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Gregory D Longmore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Florence L Marlow
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Lilianna Solnica-Krezel
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kanagaraj P, Gautier-Stein A, Riedel D, Schomburg C, Cerdà J, Vollack N, Dosch R. Souffle/Spastizin controls secretory vesicle maturation during zebrafish oogenesis. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004449. [PMID: 24967841 PMCID: PMC4072560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During oogenesis, the egg prepares for fertilization and early embryogenesis. As a consequence, vesicle transport is very active during vitellogenesis, and oocytes are an outstanding system to study regulators of membrane trafficking. Here, we combine zebrafish genetics and the oocyte model to identify the molecular lesion underlying the zebrafish souffle (suf) mutation. We demonstrate that suf encodes the homolog of the Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) gene SPASTIZIN (SPG15). We show that in zebrafish oocytes suf mutants accumulate Rab11b-positive vesicles, but trafficking of recycling endosomes is not affected. Instead, we detect Suf/Spastizin on cortical granules, which undergo regulated secretion. We demonstrate genetically that Suf is essential for granule maturation into secretion competent dense-core vesicles describing a novel role for Suf in vesicle maturation. Interestingly, in suf mutants immature, secretory precursors accumulate, because they fail to pinch-off Clathrin-coated buds. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of the abscission regulator Dynamin leads to an accumulation of immature secretory granules and mimics the suf phenotype. Our results identify a novel regulator of secretory vesicle formation in the zebrafish oocyte. In addition, we describe an uncharacterized cellular mechanism for Suf/Spastizin activity during secretion, which raises the possibility of novel therapeutic avenues for HSP research. Oocytes of egg laying animals frequently represent the biggest cell type of a species. The size of the egg is a consequence of active transport processes, e.g. the import of yolk proteins, which results in the massive storage of vesicles. In addition, secretory vesicles termed cortical granules are stored in the oocyte to be discharged right after fertilization during cortical reaction, which also occurs in mammals. Their secretion leads to chorion expansion, which prevents the lethal entry of additional sperm and protects the developing embryo against physical damage. Mutants with a defect in membrane transport are successful tools to discover genes regulating vesicle formation. We molecularly identify the disrupted gene in the recessive maternal-effect mutation souffle, which encodes a homolog of human SPASTIZIN. SPASTIZIN was previously implicated in endocytosis, but our cellular analysis of mutant oocytes connects this gene also with the regulation of cortical granule exocytosis. More precisely, we show that Suf/Spastizin is crucial for the maturation of cortical granules into secretion competent vesicles describing a novel role for this protein. Since SPASITIZN causes the disease Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia in humans, our results will help to decipher the pathogenesis of this neurodegenerative disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palsamy Kanagaraj
- Institut fuer Entwicklungsbiochemie, Georg-August Universitaet Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Dietmar Riedel
- Max-Planck Institut fuer Biophysikalische Chemie, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schomburg
- Institut fuer Entwicklungsbiochemie, Georg-August Universitaet Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Joan Cerdà
- IRTA-Institute of Marine Sciences, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadine Vollack
- Institut fuer Entwicklungsbiochemie, Georg-August Universitaet Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Roland Dosch
- Institut fuer Entwicklungsbiochemie, Georg-August Universitaet Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Departement de Zoologie et Biologie Animale, Universite de Geneve, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gallego V, Pérez L, Asturiano JF, Yoshida M. Sperm motility parameters and spermatozoa morphometric characterization in marine species: a study of swimmer and sessile species. Theriogenology 2014; 82:668-76. [PMID: 25016411 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The biodiversity of marine ecosystems is diverse and a high number of species coexist side by side. However, despite the fact that most of these species share a common fertilization strategy, a high variability in terms of the size, shape, and motion of spermatozoa can be found. In this study, we have analyzed both the sperm motion parameters and the spermatozoa morphometric features of two swimmer (pufferfish and European eel) and two sessile (sea urchin and ascidian) marine species. The most important differences in the sperm motion parameters were registered in the swimming period. Sessile species sperm displayed notably higher values than swimmer species sperm. In addition, the sperm motilities and velocities of the swimmer species decreased sharply once the sperm was activated, whereas the sessile species were able to maintain their initial values for a long time. These results are linked directly to the species-specific lifestyles. Although sessile organisms, which show limited or no movement, need sperm with a capacity to swim for long distances to find the oocytes, swimmer organisms can move toward the female and release gametes near it, and therefore the spermatozoa does not need to swim for such a long time. At the same time, sperm morphology is related to sperm motion parameters, and in this study an in-depth morphometric analysis of ascidian, sea urchin, and pufferfish spermatozoa, using computer-assisted sperm analysis software, has been carried out for the first time. A huge variability in shapes, sizes, and structures of the studied species was found using electron microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Gallego
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain; Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Japan
| | - L Pérez
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - J F Asturiano
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Yoshida
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bian X, Zhang X, Sakurai Y, Jin X, Gao T, Wan R, Yamamoto J. Envelope surface ultrastructure and specific gravity of artificially fertilized Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus eggs. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 84:403-421. [PMID: 24417391 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The envelope surface ultrastructure and specific gravity of artificially fertilized eggs of the Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus were examined. The unfertilized, demersal and slightly adhesive eggs of G. macrocephalus were almost spherical and had no oil globules. Wrinkled envelope surface with elaborated hexagonal reticulated patterns and type I micropyle were observed under a scanning electron microscope. The adhesiveness of the eggs was lost at the blastodermal-cap stage after fertilization. The micropylar canal was sealed by secretion of the perivitelline fluid, and the entire surface became rough. Numerous bacilli were deposited at the micropyle and the outer envelope surface at the late germ-ring stage and at the embryo five-eighths around the yolk stage. The micropyle was completely deformed at the embryo seven-eighths around the yolk stage. The specific gravity of the fertilized G. macrocephalus eggs ranged from c. 1·0316 to 1·0454. These values, however, sharply decreased towards the end stages of egg development to produce pelagic larvae. The ultrastructural changes in the micropyle and envelope surface of the G. macrocephalus eggs protected the embryo from microorganism infections and mechanical stress during the long incubation period. The adhesiveness and specific gravity of the eggs influenced their dispersion potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Bian
- The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao 266071, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Freitas LJ, Prado PS, Arantes FP, Santiago KB, Sato Y, Bazzoli N, Rizzo E. Reproductive biology of the characid dourado Salminus franciscanus from the São Francisco River, Brasil. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 139:145-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
37
|
Yanagimachi R, Cherr G, Matsubara T, Andoh T, Harumi T, Vines C, Pillai M, Griffin F, Matsubara H, Weatherby T, Kaneshiro K. Sperm Attractant in the Micropyle Region of Fish and Insect Eggs1. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:47. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.105072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
38
|
|
39
|
Shibata Y, Iwamatsu T, Suzuki N, Young G, Naruse K, Nagahama Y, Yoshikuni M. An oocyte-specific astacin family protease, alveolin, is released from cortical granules to trigger egg envelope hardening during fertilization in medaka (Oryzias latipes). Dev Biol 2012; 372:239-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
40
|
Lahnsteiner F, Mansour N. The effect of temperature on sperm motility and enzymatic activity in brown trout Salmo trutta, burbot Lota lota and grayling Thymallus thymallus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2012; 81:197-209. [PMID: 22747813 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03323.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of temperature on sperm motility was investigated in brown trout Salmo trutta, burbot Lota lota and grayling Thymallus thymallus using water and sperm motility prolonging saline solution (SMPS) for motility activation. The effect of temperature (4-20° C) on spermatozoal enzymes for energy supply [malate dehydrogenase (MDH), pyruvate kinase (PK), adenylate kinase (AK)], flagellar movement [Mg(2+) adenosine triposphatase (ATPase)] and oxidative defence [peroxidase (POX)] were measured in S. trutta and L. lota. Temperatures yielding the highest initial sperm motility rates and swimming velocities were 4-6° C for S. trutta [investigated range (IR) = 4-12° C] and L. lota (IR = 2-8° C) and 8-16° C (IR = 4-16° C) for T. thymallus. Motility variables were re-measured after 30 s in S. trutta, after 45 s in T. thymallus and after 60 s in L. lota in water and after 2 min in all investigated species in SMPS. Motility variables were increased by low temperatures and the results differed between water and SMPS. In S. trutta and L. lota, the temperature resulting in highest activities of MDH, PK, AK and ATPase was 4° C. POX had a very narrow temperature optimum at 20° C in both species. This may indicate that the temperature optimum of enzymes of energy supply and flagellar movement are closely related to motility. The present data show that the variables are affected by temperatures in an ecologically relevant range. Too low, as well as too high temperatures affected sperm motility, and the winter spawners (S. trutta and L. lota) have a narrower temperature optimum than the spring spawner T. thymallus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Lahnsteiner
- Department of Organismic Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Fertilization is indispensable not only for restoring diploid genomes but also for the initiation of early embryonic cell cycles in sexual reproduction. While most animals exhibit monospermy, which is ensured by polyspermy blocks to prevent the entry of extra sperm into the egg at fertilization, several animals exhibit physiological polyspermy, in which the entry of several sperm is permitted but only one sperm nucleus participates in the formation of a zygote nucleus. Polyspermy requires that the sperm transmit the egg activation signal more slowly, thus allowing the egg to accept several sperm. An increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration induced by the fertilizing sperm is both necessary and sufficient for egg activation in polyspermy. Multiple small Ca(2+) waves induced by several fertilizing sperm result in a long-lasting Ca(2+) rise, which is a characteristic of polyspermic amphibian eggs. We introduced a novel soluble sperm factor for egg activation, sperm-specific citrate synthase, into polyspermic newt eggs to cause Ca(2+) waves. Citrate synthase may perform dual functions: as an enzyme in mitochondria and as a Ca(2+)-inducing factor in egg cytoplasm. We also discuss the close relationship between the mode of fertilization and the Ca(2+) rise at egg activation and consider changes in this process through evolution in vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Iwao
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 753-8512 Yamaguchi, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Webb SE, Fluck RA, Miller AL. Calcium signaling during the early development of medaka and zebrafish. Biochimie 2011; 93:2112-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
43
|
Martins YS, Arantes FP, Sato Y, dos Santos JE, Rizzo E, Bazzoli N. Comparative analysis of gonadal morphology in six fish species of the Incertae Sedis genera in Characidae of occurrence in the São Francisco River Basin, Brazil. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2010.00478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
44
|
Martins YS, De Moura DF, Santos GB, Rizzo E, Bazzoli N. Comparative folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis of four teleost fish from a Reservoir in south-eastern Brazil. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2009.00437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
45
|
Zelazowska M. Formation and structure of egg envelopes in Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii (Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2010; 76:694-706. [PMID: 20666906 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The covering of the eggs in Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii consists of three envelopes (the vitelline envelope, chorion and extrachorion) and is equipped with multiple micropyles. The most proximal to the oocyte is the vitelline envelope that consists of four layers of filamentous and trabecular material. The structural components of this envelope are synthesized by the oocyte (primary envelope). The chorion encloses the vitelline envelope. The extrachorion covers the external surface of the egg. Examination of the arrangement of layers that comprise the egg envelopes together with the ultrastructure of follicular cells revealed that the chorion and extrachorion are secondary envelopes. They are secreted by follicular cells and are built of homogeneous material. During formation of egg envelopes, the follicular cells gradually diversify into three morphologically different populations: 1) cells covering the animal oocyte region (cuboid), (2) main body cells (cylindrical) and (3) micropylar cells. The apical surfaces of follicular cells from the first two populations form processes that remain connected with the oocyte plasma membrane by means of gap junctions. Micropylar cells are located at the animal region of the oocyte. Their apical parts bear projections that form a barrier to the deposition of materials for egg envelopes, resulting in the formation of the micropylar canal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Zelazowska
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, R. Ingardena 6, Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Xu Y, Lei Y, Liu Q, Liu Y, Liu S, Cheng H, Deng F. Cloning, characterization and expression ofzvep, a novel vitelline envelope-specific gene in the zebrafish ovary. Mol Reprod Dev 2009; 76:593-600. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
48
|
Abstract
SummaryIn the present work, we analyzed the structure of oocytes and fertilized eggs of the piracanjuba fish (Brycon orbignyanus) under light and scanning electron microscopy. After inducing spawning, samples were collected at the moment of oocyte extrusion, when oocytes and semen were mixed (time 0), as well as at 10, 20 and 30 s after mixing, every minute up to 10 min, and then at 15 and 20 min. The oocytes are spherical, translucent and greenish with a mean diameter of 1.3 ± 0.11 mm. During the extrusion, cytoplasmic movement was observed in eggs towards the micropyle, characterizing the animal pole. At the moment of fertilization, the cortical cytoplasm showed a higher concentration of cortical alveoli at the animal pole than at the vegetal pole. The cortical alveoli breakdown promoted the elevation of the chorion with a consequent increase in egg diameter (1.95 ± 0.08 mm). The penetration of the spermatozoon promotes the formation of a fertilization cone of spherical external structure, which obstructs the opening of the micropyle. This structure acts as a main mechanism to avoid polyspermy, intercepting the access of supernumerary spermatozoa. Such studies about the reproductive biology of fish are important to species survival and conservation programmes.
Collapse
|
49
|
Bazzoli N, Godinho HP. Cortical alveoli in oocytes of freshwater neotropical teleost fish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/11250009409355899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilo Bazzoli
- a Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences , Federal University of Minas Gerais , P.O. Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30161–970, Brazil
| | - Hugo Pereira Godinho
- a Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences , Federal University of Minas Gerais , P.O. Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30161–970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Observation of the embryonic development in Pseudoplatystoma coruscans (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) under light and scanning electron microscopy. ZYGOTE 2008; 16:333-42. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199408004838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SummaryPseudoplatystoma coruscans is a very popular species for tropical fish culture as it has boneless meat of delicate taste and firm texture. Few studies on fish reproductive biology refer to the morphological features of eggs. The goal, therefore, of this present work was to perform a structural and ultrastructural analysis of fertilization and embryonic development in P. coruscans. The incubation period, from fertilization to hatching, lasts 13 h at 28/29 °C and 18 h at 27 °C. The oocytes had a mean diameter of 0.95 mm and hatched larvae were 2.55 mm in diameter. Analysing their development, we observed round, yellow oocytes that bore a double chorion membrane and a single micropyle. At 10 s after fertilization, several spermatozoa were detected attached to the oocyte surface. After 1 min of development, a fertilization cone that obstructed the micropyle could be observed. Segmentation started between 20 and 30 min after fertilization, when the egg cell was then formed. The first cleavage occurred between 30 and 45 min after fertilization, prior to reaching the morula stage (75 and 90 min after fertilization). The epiboly movement started at 120 and 180 min after fertilization and ended at 360 and 480 min after fertilization. Differentiation between cephalic and caudal region was detected after 420 and 600 min after fertilization and larvae hatched between 780 and 1080 min after fertilization. Seven main embryonic development stages were identified: egg cell, cleavage, morula, blastula, gastrula, segmentation with differentiation between cephalic and caudal regions, and hatching.
Collapse
|