1
|
Samardak K, Bâcle J, Moriel-Carretero M. Behind the stoNE wall: A fervent activity for nuclear lipids. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00179-2. [PMID: 39111564 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The four main types of biomolecules are nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. The knowledge about their respective interactions is as important as the individual understanding of each of them. However, while, for example, the interaction of proteins with the other three groups is extensively studied, that of nucleic acids and lipids is, in comparison, very poorly explored. An iconic paradigm of physical (and likely functional) proximity between DNA and lipids is the case of the genomic DNA in eukaryotes: enclosed within the nucleus by two concentric lipid bilayers, the wealth of implications of this interaction, for example in genome stability, remains underassessed. Nuclear lipid-related phenotypes have been observed for 50 years, yet in most cases kept as mere anecdotical descriptions. In this review, we will bring together the evidence connecting lipids with both the nuclear envelope and the nucleoplasm, and will make critical analyses of these descriptions. Our exploration establishes a scenario in which lipids irrefutably play a role in nuclear homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya Samardak
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM) UMR5237, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Janélie Bâcle
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM) UMR5237, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - María Moriel-Carretero
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM) UMR5237, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Z, Sandoval K, Dean M. Endometrial glycogen metabolism during early pregnancy in mice. Mol Reprod Dev 2022; 89:431-440. [PMID: 35842832 PMCID: PMC9796177 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glucose is critical during early pregnancy. The uterus can store glucose as glycogen but uterine glycogen metabolism is poorly understood. This study analyzed glycogen storage and localization of glycogen metabolizing enzymes from proestrus until implantation in the murine uterus. Quantification of diastase-labile periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining showed glycogen in the glandular epithelium decreased 71.4% at 1.5 days postcoitum (DPC) and 62.13% at DPC 3.5 compared to proestrus. In the luminal epithelium, glycogen was the highest at proestrus, decreased 46.2% at DPC 1.5 and 63.2% at DPC 3.5. Immunostaining showed that before implantation, glycogen metabolizing enzymes were primarily localized to the glandular and luminal epithelium. Stromal glycogen was low from proestrus to DPC 3.5. However, at the DPC 5.5 implantation sites, stromal glycogen levels increased sevenfold. Similarly, artificial decidualization resulted in a fivefold increase in glycogen levels. In both models, decidualization increased expression of glycogen synthase as determine by immunohistochemistry and western blot. In conclusion, glycogen levels decreased in the uterine epithelium before implantation, indicating that it could be used to support preimplantation embryos. Decidualization resulted in a dramatic increase in stromal glycogen levels, suggesting it may have an important, but yet undefined, role in pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziting Chen
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Kassandra Sandoval
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Matthew Dean
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cipollini M, Luisi S, Piomboni P, Luddi A, Landi D, Melaiu O, Figlioli G, Garritano S, Cappelli V, Viganò P, Gemignani F, Petraglia F, Landi S. Functional polymorphism within NUP210 encoding for nucleoporin GP210 is associated with the risk of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2019; 112:343-352.e1. [PMID: 31256999 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether nucleoporin 210 (GP210, encoded by NUP210 gene) is involved in endometriosis. DESIGN Immunohistofluorescence analysis for assessing whether GP210 is expressed in endometrial tissues from patients and controls; genotyping and case-control study for assessing the association between rs354476 within NUP210 and risk of endometriosis; in vitro luciferase assay for assessing the functional activity of rs354476. SETTING University. PATIENT(S) Histologically diagnosed cases (n = 175) of endometriosis: minimal or mild (stage I-II) in 48 cases (28%), moderate (stage III) in 69 cases (39%), and severe (stage IV) in 58 cases (33%). Controls (n = 557) were female blood donors collected at Meyer Hospital of Florence. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) GP210 tissue expression; genotype distribution and risk of endometriosis; in vitro gene expression measurements. RESULT(S) GP210 had positive nuclear immunohistofluorescence staining in endometrial glandular epithelium. Carriers of the variant allele were associated with increased risks: C/T, odds ratio (OR) 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-3.21; T/T, OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.36-4.80. In vitro, luciferase assay showed that rs354476 is a bona fide target for hsa-miR-125b-5p. CONCLUSION(S) Nucleoporin GP210 is involved in endometriosis. Rs354476 polymorphism affects the regulation of NUP210 gene expression by altering the binding with hsa-miR-125b-5p, a microRNA already known as playing an important role for endometriosis. This provides the rationale for the observed increased risk of endometriosis in carriers of the variant allele.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Luisi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Piomboni
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alice Luddi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Debora Landi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Sonia Garritano
- Centre for Integrated Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Valentina Cappelli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Viganò
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Felice Petraglia
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Landi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meng F, Zapantis G, Williams SZ, Lieman HJ, Buyuk E, Meier UT. Status of nucleolar channel systems in uterine secretions accurately reflects their prevalence-a marker for the window of implantation-in simultaneously obtained endometrial biopsies. Fertil Steril 2017; 109:165-171. [PMID: 29175063 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether nucleolar channel systems (NCSs) can be detected in exfoliated endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) of uterine secretions and whether such noninvasively determined NCS status is associated with significant NCS prevalence in simultaneously obtained endometrial biopsies. DESIGN Prospective study (December 2015-February 2017). SETTING University-affiliated and private fertility clinics. PATIENT(S) Luteal-phase patients of reproductive age requiring endometrial biopsy for medical indications. INTERVENTION(S) Uterine secretion aspiration before endometrial biopsy. Cells in uterine secretions were spun onto slides and fixed. NCSs were identified and quantified in cells and paraffin-embedded tissue sections by indirect immunofluorescence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Comparison of NCS status of uterine secretions with NCS prevalence in biopsies. Based on NCS detection, uterine secretions were assigned a status of NCS-positive (n = 15) or NCS-negative (n = 7). NCS prevalence in biopsies was expressed as a percentage of NCSs per EECs. RESULT(S) NCSs can be detected in exfoliated EECs of uterine secretions. Median NCS prevalence in endometrial biopsies from patients with NCS-positive secretions was 41.9% (interquartile range [IQR], 21.1-53.9) versus 2.0% (IQR, 0-6.9) when secretions were NCS-negative. The NCS status of secretions identified a significant difference in NCS prevalence of simultaneously obtained biopsies. CONCLUSION(S) NCS status of secretions accurately reflects NCS prevalence of biopsies, a marker for the implantation window. As secretion aspiration is compatible with same-day ET, our study provides proof of principle for a minimally invasive approach to determine endometrial receptivity for timing frozen ET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyin Meng
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Samuel Z Williams
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Harry J Lieman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Erkan Buyuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - U Thomas Meier
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Su RW, Fazleabas AT. Implantation and Establishment of Pregnancy in Human and Nonhuman Primates. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2015; 216:189-213. [PMID: 26450500 PMCID: PMC5098399 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15856-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Implantation and the establishment of pregnancy are critical for the propagation of the species, but yet remain the limiting steps in human and primate reproduction. Successful implantation requires a competent blastocyst and a receptive endometrium during a specific window of time during the menstrual cycle to initiate the bilateral communication required for the establishment of a successful pregnancy. This chapter provides an overview of these processes and discusses the molecular mechanisms associated with implantation of the blastocyst and decidualization of the uterus in primates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Wei Su
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
| | - Asgerally T Fazleabas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zapantis G, Szmyga M, Rybak E, Meier U. Premature formation of nucleolar channel systems indicates advanced endometrial maturation following controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Hum Reprod 2013; 28:3292-300. [PMID: 24052503 PMCID: PMC3895983 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there a shift in the timing of nucleolar channel system (NCS) formation following controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH)? SUMMARY ANSWER NCSs appear prematurely following COH compared with natural cycles. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY During natural cycles, NCSs of endometrial epithelial cell (EEC) nuclei are exclusively present during the window of implantation and are uniformly distributed throughout the upper endometrial cavity. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Prospective two-cohort study. Cohorts I and II each consisted of seven volunteers for the duration of three menstrual study cycles that were separated by at least one wash-out or rest cycle, between December 2008 and May 2012. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Participants were recruited from a pool of healthy oocyte donors. Consecutive endometrial biopsies were obtained during the same luteal phase on cycle days (CD) 16, 20 and 26 for Cohort I, and on CD14, 22 and 24 for Cohort II, following random assignment to a natural cycle group, a COH cycle group (using a GnRH antagonist), or a COH cycle group receiving luteal phase hormonal supplementation (COH + S). The day of oocyte retrieval was designated CD14 in COH cycles and the day of the LH surge was designated CD13 in natural cycles. Prevalence of NCSs in the nuclei of EECs was quantified using indirect immunofluorescence with an antibody directed against a subset of related nuclear pore complex proteins that are major constituents of NCSs. Progesterone and estradiol levels were measured on the day of each endometrial biopsy. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The natural cycle group exhibited peak NCS prevalence on CD20 [53.3%; interquartile range (IQR) 28.5-55.8], which rapidly declined on CD22 (11.8%; IQR 6.3-17.6), CD24 (2.5%; IQR 0.0-9.2) and CD26 (0.3%; IQR 0.0-3.5), and no NCSs on CD14 and 16 defining a short NCS window around CD20. In contrast, in COH and COH + S cycles, NCS prevalence was high already on CD16 (40.4%; IQR 22.6-53.4 and 35.6%; IQR 26.4-44.5, respectively; P = 0.001 compared with CD16 of the natural cycle group, Mann-Whitney), whereas no significant difference in NCS prevalence was detected on any of the other five CDs between the three groups (P > 0.05). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The cohort size was small (n = 7) but was offset by the all-or-none presence of NCSs on CD16 in natural versus COH and COH + S cycles and the fact that each subject served as her own control. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Premature appearance of NCSs and hence maturation of the endometrium following COH is consistent with previous studies based on histological dating but contradicts studies based on mRNA expression profiling, which reported a lag in endometrial maturation. However, this is the first study of this kind that is based on consecutive endometrial biopsies within the same cycle and that reports such clear-cut differences: no versus robust NCS presence on CD16. Our observation of advanced endometrial maturation following COH may contribute to the reduced implantation rates seen in fresh compared with frozen and donor IVF-embryo transfer cycles. Therefore, the NCS window could serve as a sensitive guide for timing of embryo transfer in frozen and donor cycles. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was supported by the March of Dimes Birth Defects foundation (1-FY09-363 to U.T.M.); Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Parsippany, NJ; East Coast Fertility, Plainview, NY and the CMBG Training Program (T32 GM007491 to M.J.S.). We report no competing interests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. Zapantis
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- East Coast Fertility, Plainview, NY 11803, USA
- Present address: New York Reproductive Wellness, Jericho, NY 11753, USA
| | - M.J. Szmyga
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - E.A. Rybak
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Present address: Reproductive Medicine Associates of New Jersey, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920, USA
| | - U.T. Meier
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Prechapanich J, Kajihara T, Fujita K, Sato K, Uchino S, Tanaka K, Matsumoto S, Akita M, Nagashima M, Brosens JJ, Ishihara O. Effect of a dienogest for an experimental three-dimensional endometrial culture model for endometriosis. Med Mol Morphol 2013; 47:189-95. [PMID: 24141572 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-013-0059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of endometriosis remains poorly understood at least in part because early stages of the disease process are difficult to investigate. Previous studies have proposed a three-dimensional fibrin matrix culture model to study human endometriosis. We examined the ultrastructural features of the endometriosis in this model and assessed the effect of a progestin on endometrial outgrowth and apoptosis in this culture system. Endometrial explants were placed in three-dimensional fibrin matrix culture and treated with and without various concentrations of the progestin dienogest. By the second week, endometrial gland-like formation was established in outgrowths both attached to and at a distance from the explants. These cells formed a combination of clumps and tubular monolayers surrounding a central cavity. Electron microscopy demonstrated that these cells are polarized with microvilli on the apical surface, desmosome-like structures, and basement membrane; features consistent with glandular epithelial cells. Outgrowth of endometrial stromal cells and glandular formation was impaired in response to dienogest in a dose-dependent manner. Our study shows that the human endometrial explants cultured in three-dimensional fibrin matrix establish outgrowths that ultrastructurally resemble ectopic endometrial implants. This model may provide insight into the cellular processes leading to endometriosis formation and enables screening of therapeutic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Japarath Prechapanich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Inoki C, Ito Y, Yamashita H, Ueki K, Kumagai K, Fukuda Y, Ninomiya E, Nakamura K, Hayashi R, Ueki M, Otsuki Y. Image Analysis and Ultrastructural Detection of DNA Strand Breaks in Human Endometrium by In Situ End-Labeling Techniques. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.1997.20.4.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
9
|
Van Vaerenbergh I, McIntire R, Van Lommel L, Devroey P, Giudice L, Bourgain C. Gene expression during successful implantation in a natural cycle. Fertil Steril 2010; 93:268.e15-8. [PMID: 19880110 PMCID: PMC2812655 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 08/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the human endometrial transcriptome during embryonic implantation. DESIGN Case report. SETTING Tertiary fertility center. PATIENT(S) A 24-year-old woman who inadvertently became pregnant during an endometrial biopsy procedure. INTERVENTION(S) An endometrial biopsy was performed with a Pipelle device during the midluteal phase (days 19-21) of the cycle; blood samples for hormonal assessments were collected and a transvaginal ultrasound was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Gene expression analysis of the endometrium during the window of implantation (during the implantation of an embryo) in a natural cycle. Localization of selected genes in endometrial tissue with immunohistochemistry. RESULT(S) A total of 394 probe sets were differentially expressed in the pregnant sample when compared with the midsecretory phase nonpregnant endometrial samples. Different gene networks were involved, and selected genes from these signaling pathways were confirmed at the protein level. CONCLUSION(S) Endometrial gene expression of a pregnant patient in a natural cycle is significantly different from nonpregnant patients during the midsecretory phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inge Van Vaerenbergh
- Department of Pathology, UZ Brussel and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jones CJP, Inuwa IM, Nardo LG, Litta P, Fazleabas AT. Eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis shows altered ultrastructure and glycosylation compared to that from healthy controls--a pilot observational study. Reprod Sci 2009; 16:559-72. [PMID: 19282503 DOI: 10.1177/1933719109332825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial curettings from a cohort of 24 women with endometriosis were compared with matched biopsies from 14 healthy, fertile women and examined for ultrastructural changes and the secretion of glycans bound by the lectin from Dolichos biflorus. Ultrastructural analysis of glandular endometrial tissue from women with stages I to III endometriosis showed heterogeneous responses to the disease, biopsies often showing a mixture of features, combining delays in the maturation sequence with characteristics of later phenotypes particularly in the mid-late secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. Expression of glycans bound by Dolichos biflorus agglutinin was very variable in these cases but generally matched the observed ultrastructure. Biopsies from women with stage IV endometriosis showed immature gland morphology later in the cycle and also failed to express Dolichos biflorus agglutinin-binding glycans, suggesting an association between histological and biochemical function in advanced disease states. These findings may explain in part endometriosis-associated subfertility as blastocyst attachment is intimately associated with appropriate glycosylation and gland morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J P Jones
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Clinical and Laboratory Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jones CJP, Nardo LG, Litta P, Fazleabas AT. Ultrastructure of ectopic peritoneal lesions from women with endometriosis, including observations on the contribution of coelomic mesothelium. Reprod Sci 2008; 16:43-55. [PMID: 19011144 DOI: 10.1177/1933719108324891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Following a study in a baboon model of endometriosis, we here describe the morphology of ectopic peritoneal lesions in the human to examine the effects of an ectopic site on glandular structure and function. Ectopic biopsies from 17 women with endometriosis were fixed and processed for electron microscopy. Certain biopsies were also probed for intermediate filaments using immunohistochemistry. Ultrastructurally, lesions showed many different glandular morphologies with indications of delayed maturation compared to normal endometrium. Mesothelium covered some lesions and there was evidence of mesothelial invasion into the stroma. Ectopic endometriotic lesions from women with endometriosis showed ultrastructural differences from eutopic endometrium, with indications that mesothelial invasion may contribute to gland development in some lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J P Jones
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Clinical and Laboratory Science, University of Manchester, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom. carolyn.jones@ manchester.ac.uk
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kittur N, Zapantis G, Aubuchon M, Santoro N, Bazett-Jones DP, Meier UT. The nucleolar channel system of human endometrium is related to endoplasmic reticulum and R-rings. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:2296-304. [PMID: 17429075 PMCID: PMC1877118 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-02-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleolar channel system (NCS) is a well-established ultrastructural hallmark of the postovulation endometrium. Its transient presence has been associated with human fertility. Nevertheless, the biogenesis, composition, and function of these intranuclear membrane cisternae are unknown. Membrane systems with a striking ultrastructural resemblance to the NCS, termed R-rings, are induced in nuclei of tissue culture cells by overexpression of the central repeat domain of the nucleolar protein Nopp140. Here we provide a first molecular characterization of the NCS and compare the biogenesis of these two enigmatic organelles. Like the R-rings, the NCS consists of endoplasmic reticulum harboring the marker glucose-6-phosphatase. R-ring formation initiates at the nuclear envelope, apparently by a calcium-mediated Nopp140-membrane interaction, as supported by the calcium-binding ability of Nopp140, the inhibition of R-ring formation by calcium chelators, and the concentration of Nopp140 and complexed calcium in R-rings. Although biogenesis of the NCS may initiate similarly, the reduced presence of complexed calcium and Nopp140 suggests the involvement of additional factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Kittur
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Demir R, Kayisli UA, Celik-Ozenci C, Korgun ET, Demir-Weusten AY, Arici A. Structural differentiation of human uterine luminal and glandular epithelium during early pregnancy: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. Placenta 2002; 23:672-84. [PMID: 12361686 DOI: 10.1053/plac.2002.0841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of human endometrial epithelium is a dynamic event that occurs throughout the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy. The structural transformation and differentiation of human uterine luminal and glandular epithelium of early human pregnancy (n=14) was investigated ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically using antibodies against cytokeratin (CT), endothelial marker CD31, Fas, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Ultrastructurally, luminal epithelial cells showed distinctive euchromatic nuclei with prominent nucleoli and relatively loose cell membranes in all poles (apical to basal). Subcellular components were easily recognized in luminal epithelium except in degenerating cells. Mainly two cell types, dark and clear cells, formed the glandular epithelium. In the early gestation period, microvilli were abundant on the apical and apico-lateral poles of these cells. Only a few cytoplasmic projections were observed in dark cells. Numerous cilia were observed on the apical pole of some clear cells, located at the adluminal segment. In contrast, dark cells lacked cilia, nuclear channels, or giant mitochondrial profiles. Glycogen synthesis and apocrine secretion were recognizable for several days during early gestation. The apocrine secretory activity differed among dark cells of the glandular epithelium. The immunoreactivity of PCNA and Fas, and ultrastructural observations in the glandular epithelium suggest that, even in different segments of the same gland, epithelial cells do not regress during early gestation, but proliferate, perhaps representing a resistance against trophoblastic invasion. These morphological and molecular changes suggest that both luminal and glandular epithelium may play an important role in cellular defense and limitation for trophoblastic invasion during early pregnancy since plasma membrane alterations of the surface epithelium take place at the apical, basal and lateral poles compared to early secretory phase endometrial cells. Besides glandular epithelium may be consequently responsible for uterine secretions, which may be critical for early embryo development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Demir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Horbelt DV, Delmore JE, Parmley TH, Roberts DK, Walker N. The nuclear channel system in endometrial adenocarcinoma exposed to medroxyprogesterone acetate. Hum Pathol 1996; 27:9-14. [PMID: 8543319 DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(96)90131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear channel system (NCS), giant mitochondria and subnuclear glycogen form a triad of ultrastructural features observed in normal human endometrial epithelium in response to progestational steroids. Both the giant mitochondria and subnuclear glycogen have been described in endometrial adenocarcinoma, but the NCS has not. This article reports the development of the NCS in adenocarcinoma treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate. Previous studies suggest that the NCS in normal tissue is a response to the acyl group in the 17-beta position of the D-ring of some progestational steroids, such as medroxyprogesterone acetate. Medroxyprogesterone acetate was administered to 12 postmenopausal women with endometrial adenocarcinoma. Hysterectomies were performed 8 to 20 days after treatment. Pretreatment specimens were also obtained on 8 of the 12 patients. Using standard electron microscopy procedures, light microscopy on plastic semithin sections was first used to confirm the presence of tumor. Thin sections of malignant endometrium were prepared and evaluated ultrastructurally for progestational alterations. Abnormal giant mitochondria and subnuclear glycogen were found both before and after treatment. The third element of the triad, the NCS, was not observed in any of the available pretreatment biopsies, but was seen in three of the treated specimens. Thus it appears that the NCS is a response to the given progesterone therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D V Horbelt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bentin-Ley U, Lindenberg S, Horn T, Larsen JF. Ultrastructure of endometrial epithelial cells in a three-dimensional cell culture system for human implantation studies. J Assist Reprod Genet 1995; 12:632-8. [PMID: 8580663 DOI: 10.1007/bf02212588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A three-dimensional cell culture system imitating normal uterine endometrium has previously been established. To what degree do cultured epithelial cells retain their morphological characteristics as compared to in vivo material obtained simultaneously from the same tissue donor. RESULTS We found a high degree of similarity between the in vivo and in vitro situations. The present culture system furthermore imitates the day-to-day morphology of the cycle. CONCLUSIONS This indicates, that a correct timing of the biopsy tissue is important for future human implantation studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Bentin-Ley
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Birkenfeld A. Is controlled ovarian stimulation associated with adverse endometrial effects? Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994; 734:193-7. [PMID: 7978917 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb21747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Birkenfeld
- Diamond Institute for Infertility and Menopause Irvington, New Jersey 07111
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Younis JS, Ezra Y, Sherman Y, Simon A, Schenker JG, Laufer N. The effect of estradiol depletion during the luteal phase on endometrial development. Fertil Steril 1994; 62:103-7. [PMID: 8005273 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)56823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether luteal E2 is obligatory for obtaining an adequately developed endometrium. DESIGN Survey of women with premature ovarian failure (POF) in a prospective, controlled, randomized study. SETTING In vitro fertilization unit in a tertiary care university medical center. PATIENTS Fourteen amenorrheic women with POF, candidates for oocyte donation, were divided into two distinct groups with seven women in each subgroup. INTERVENTIONS Endometrial priming with a fixed dose of oral micronized E2, 4 mg/d for 14 days, was similarly performed in the study and the control groups. Progesterone replacement during the luteal phase was also identical in the two groups and was accomplished by IM P in oil, 50 mg/d for another 14 days. Only the control group continued to have the same E2 regimen during the luteal phase. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS Follicular phase mean E2 levels as well as luteal phase mean P levels were similar in both groups. However, luteal E2 levels differed significantly between the study and the control groups (21 +/- 5 and 692 +/- 199 pg/mL, respectively; conversion factor to SI units, 3.671). Nevertheless, histologic evaluation of endometrial biopsies on days 21 and 26 were similar for both groups. Endometrial gland dating, using light microscopy in the study and the control groups, on day 21, was 19.1 +/- 0.8 and 18.4 +/- 0.5, respectively, and on day 26, 25.4 +/- 0.8 and 25.9 +/- 0.5, respectively. Dating of the stroma in the two biopsies was also similar in both groups. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy performed in two patients of the study group showed typical characteristics of a secretory endometrium. CONCLUSIONS Luteal E2 depletion in the human does not seem to adversely affect the morphological developmental capacity of the endometrium. Our results suggest that E2 secretion by the corpus luteum in the human does not appear to be obligatory for the development of a normal secretory endometrium. The actual receptivity of the endometrium after such preparation needs to be evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Younis
- In Vitro Fertilization Unit, Hadassah University Hospitals, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang T, Schneider J. Origin and fate of the nucleolar channel system of normal human endometrium. Cell Res 1992. [DOI: 10.1038/cr.1992.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
19
|
Fraser D, Whitehead MI, Endacott J, Morton J, Ryder TA, Pryse-Davies J. Are fixed-dose oestrogen/progestogen combinations ideal for all HRT users? BRITISH JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 1989; 96:776-82. [PMID: 2765426 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1989.tb03315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although progestogens protect the endometrium against excessive oestrogen-induced stimulation, they can cause adverse symptomatic and psychological effects and may have undesirable metabolic consequences. Thus, the minimum progestogen dose which results in consistent endometrial transformation should be prescribed. To define this dose for norethisterone and dl-norgestrel, 197 endometrial samples obtained from postmenopausal women receiving conjugated equine oestrogens (0.625 mg or 1.25 mg daily) with one of six doses of norethisterone (or the acetate), or one of three doses of dl-norgestrel added for the first 12 days of each calendar month were examined with the light microscope; 109 samples were also assessed by transmission electron microscopy. There was an inverse relation between the percentage of samples showing proliferative features and the progestogen dose. However, proliferative endometrium was observed in 6% of samples with the highest dose of dl-norgestrel (500 micrograms) and in 3% of samples with 2.5 mg norethisterone. Conversely, complete secretory transformation was observed in 25% of samples with the lowest dose of norethisterone (0.1 mg) and in 40% of samples with 75 micrograms dl-norgestrel. Mild atypical hyperplasia was diagnosed in four samples. There was a wide inter-patient variation in response and none of the nine progestogen dose regimens induced secretory change in every patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Fraser
- Menopause Clinic, Chelsea Hospital for Women, London
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dockery P, Rogers AW. The effects of steroids on the fine structure of the endometrium. BAILLIERE'S CLINICAL OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 1989; 3:227-48. [PMID: 2692919 DOI: 10.1016/s0950-3552(89)80020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This brief review illustrates the lack of ultrastructural studies on human endometrium, particularly on well-dated material from normal, fertile women. The glandular epithelium, with its triad of unusual organelles in the early luteal phase, poses fascinating problems in cell biology and, probably for this reason, has attracted the most work. Many problems in reproductive biology, in uterine pathology and in the study of unexplained infertility are crying out for detailed study of the luminal epithelium, the stroma and the blood vessels. If this review, by highlighting the gaps in our knowledge, stimulates research into these areas, it will have been successful.
Collapse
|
21
|
Katila T. Histology of the post partum equine uterus as determined by endometrial biopsies. Acta Vet Scand 1989. [PMID: 3223466 DOI: 10.1186/bf03548368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
22
|
Abstract
Human fetal endometrium was examined by light and electron microscopy. Our study shows the following new morphological aspects: (1) Glands are already present. (2) Endometrium undergoes a maturation process during gestation and at late gestational age resembles late proliferative endometrium. (3) The nuclear bodies are present in cell nuclei throughout gestation. (4) Nucleolar channel systems (NCS) sometimes appear at a late gestational age. (5) Cells with the same morphology as that of endocrine cells are found in the basal layers of endometrium at a late gestational age. The significance of these morphological aspects is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Maslar IA, Ansbacher R. Effect of short-duration progesterone treatment on decidual prolactin production by cultures of proliferative human endometrium. Fertil Steril 1988; 50:250-4. [PMID: 3396695 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)60068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of short-term progesterone (P) treatment in vitro on decidual prolactin (dPRL) production by human endometrium was investigated. Cultures prepared from proliferative endometrium received medium containing P for 3 hours, 1 day, or 3 days. The culture medium was then changed daily for 7 to 14 days, and the amounts of dPRL in the spent medium were measured by radioimmunoassay. The results of these experiments indicated that even a short exposure to elevated concentrations of P is adequate to stimulate dPRL production and that the resulting pattern of dPRL production is determined by the duration of the P treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Maslar
- Division of Reproductive Biology and Behavior, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beaverton 97006
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dehou MF, Lejeune B, Arijs C, Leroy F. Endometrial morphology in stimulated in vitro fertilization cycles and after steroid replacement therapy in cases of primary ovarian failure. Fertil Steril 1987; 48:995-1000. [PMID: 3119379 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)59598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial morphology and ultrastructure are studied in 17 spontaneous, 23 stimulated, and 18 artificial cycles in cases of primary ovarian failure. Normal light-microscopic aspect was found, but impaired development of nucleolar channel system and stronger intercellular junction have been observed by electron-microscopic studies in stimulated cycles with relative excess of luteal estrogen. Normal glandular maturation can be obtained in patients with premature menopause, given adequate steroid replacement, but an abnormally dense fibrocytic aspect of the stroma is characteristic of the first treatment cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M F Dehou
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital V.U.B., Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Endometrial tissue from 3 human fetuses was examined electron microscopically. In 2 of the fetuses the nucleolar channel system was found within the nuclei of the endometrial epithelium. This finding demonstrates that the development of the system is not dependent on ovulation. We speculate that an appropriate concentration ratio between estrogen and progesterone might induce the development of nucleolar differentiation.
Collapse
|
26
|
Bulletti C, Jasonni VM, Martinelli G, Govoni E, Tabanelli S, Ciotti PM, Flamigni C. A 48-hour preservation of an isolated human uterus: endometrial responses to sex steroids. Fertil Steril 1987; 47:122-9. [PMID: 3792566 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)49947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human uteri were perfused with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate-glucose buffer with and without estrogens and progesterone for a period of up to 48 hours to preserve a viable organ, which was responsive to hormones. Flow rates of 12 to 35 ml/minute per artery were fully distributed into the organ, with pressure values ranging from 80 to 120 mm Hg. Arteriovenous gradients of oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions as well as the levels of lactate, lactic dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase released in the perfusate, indicators of tissue ischemia or cell necrosis, showed a good preservation of the organ for up to 48 hours. The light- and electron-microscopic examinations of endometrial and myometrial tissues taken before and during perfusion confirmed this result. The extracorporeal perfusion of uteri with buffer containing estrogens plus progesterone exhibited secretive modifications of the proliferative endometrium, thus suggesting the viability of the organ and its responsiveness to sex steroids.
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Abstract
Under the influence of progesterone the unique intranuclear structure known as the nucleolar canalicular structure (NCS) develops in the human endometrium. This organelle was not described previously outside the uterus. In this report the cases of two patients in whom the NCS appeared in extrauterine endometriosis are presented.
Collapse
|
29
|
Lane G, Siddle NC, Ryder TA, Pryse-Davies J, King RJ, Whitehead MI. Is Provera* the ideal progestogen for addition to postmenopausal estrogen therapy?†*Upjohn, Ltd., Crawley, Sussex, United Kingdom.†Supported by a grant from Upjohn, Ltd., Crawley, Sussex, United Kingdom, and by financial support to M. I. W. from Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories. Fertil Steril 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)49215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
30
|
Lane G, Siddle NC, Ryder TA, Pryse-Davies J, King RJ, Whitehead MI. Effects of dydrogesterone on the oestrogenized postmenopausal endometrium. BRITISH JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 1986; 93:55-62. [PMID: 3002419 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1986.tb07814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal women receiving conjugated oestrogens 1.25 mg daily continuously were also given dydrogesterone either 5, 10 or 20 mg daily for the first 12 days of each calendar month. Endometrial tissue obtained on the sixth day of combined therapy in the third or subsequent treatment cycle was subjected to histological, ultrastructural and biochemical assessments. Dydrogesterone provoked secretory histological and ultrastructural changes within the endometrium in a dose-dependent manner. A daily dose of 5 mg produced sub-optimal responses but 10 and 20 mg daily produced effects similar to those observed in the secretory phase of the ovulatory cycle. Dydrogesterone 10 mg and 20 mg daily reduced epithelial DNA synthesis and nuclear oestradiol receptor levels to values within the secretory phase range. A dose-response relation was seen in the induction of oestradiol-17 beta and isocitrate dehydrogenase activities; hyperphysiological values were observed with 20 mg of dydrogesterone daily. This study has demonstrated that dydrogesterone exerts potent anti-oestrogenic and progestational effects on the human endometrium which are dose-related. The 10 and 20 mg doses induced responses equal to or greater than those observed in the secretory phase of the ovulatory cycle and both dosages can be recommended for use in combination with exogenous oestrogens in postmenopausal women: and they may also have a role in the management of anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
Collapse
|
31
|
Lane G, Siddle NC, Ryder TA, Pryse-Davies J, King RJ, Whitehead MI. Dose dependent effects of oral progesterone on the oestrogenised postmenopausal endometrium. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1983; 287:1241-5. [PMID: 6315123 PMCID: PMC1549751 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.287.6401.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Oral progesterone 100, 200, or 300 mg daily was given for the first 10 days of each calendar month to postmenopausal women also receiving conjugated oestrogens 1.25 mg daily continuously. Endometrial biopsy specimens were taken on the sixth day of the third or subsequent cycle of combined treatment for histological, ultrastructural, and biochemical evaluation. Secretory histological changes were induced within the endometrium in a dose dependent manner, as were progesterone sensitive ultrastructural features such as nucleolar channel systems, giant mitochondria, and subnuclear accumulations of glycogen. Dose response relations were also observed for suppression of DNA synthesis and nuclear oestrogen receptor, and for induction of the activities of oestradiol and isocitric dehydrogenases. Progesterone administered by mouth clearly provokes an end organ response within the endometrium. Suboptimal effects were observed with the lower doses but progesterone 300 mg daily achieved responses approaching and within the physiological range. This dose may therefore be effective as an alternative to synthetic progestogens for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
|
32
|
van Kooij RJ, Roelofs HJ, Kathman GA, Kramer MF. Synthesis of a mucous glycoprotein in the human uterus. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1982; 14:191-7. [PMID: 7160530 DOI: 10.1016/0028-2243(82)90096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Scrapings of endometrium and uterine contents of 10 women were analysed. In the uterine lumina of two women that used synthetic progestagens, a considerable amount of mucus was present. We fractionated the mucus by CsCl density equilibrium centrifugation into glycoprotein and protein fractions. With sugar and amino acid analysis the glycoprotein could be classified as a typical epithelial glycoprotein, resembling the cervical glycoprotein. It contains neuraminic acid (6.2%) and sulfate (8.4%). From the uteri of the other 8 women, who did not use hormones, a small amount of a similar glycoprotein could be isolated.
Collapse
|
33
|
Whitehead MI, Townsend PT, Pryse-Davies J, Ryder T, Lane G, Siddle N, King RJ. Actions of progestins on the morphology and biochemistry of the endometrium of postmenopausal women receiving low-dose estrogen therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982; 142:791-5. [PMID: 6278933 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(16)32490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial biopsies were obtained from postmenopausal women receiving 0.625 mg Premarin daily and either 2.5 or 5 mg norethindrone daily or 150 or 500 microgram dl-norgestrel daily for 10 days each month. Sample were taken during the estrogen-only phase of treatment and on the sixth day of combined estrogen/progestin administration. Progestin exposure caused marked morphologic and biochemical changes as well as features comparable with the premenopausal luteal phase. Thus, progestins oppose the stimulation of premarin to the postmenopausal endometrium. However, the currently recommended dosage of norethindrone and dl-norgestrel greatly exceed those necessary to suppress endometrial proliferation effectively. The recommended daily dosage may be lowered without losing protective effect. This reduction will probably minimize the risk of dose-dependent progestin side effects.
Collapse
|
34
|
Whitehead MI, Townsend PT, Pryse-Davies J, Ryder TA, King RJ. Effects of estrogens and progestins on the biochemistry and morphology of the postmenopausal endometrium. N Engl J Med 1981; 305:1599-605. [PMID: 7312007 DOI: 10.1056/nejm198112313052701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To study the effects of exogenous estrogens on the postmenopausal endometrium, and to determine the time course and minimum dosage of added progestins necessary to oppose estrogen stimulation, we obtained endometrial specimens from symptomatic postmenopausal women being treated with various preparations of estrogens and progestins. Morphologic changes were assessed with light and electron microscopy, and biochemical effects through measurement of DNA synthesis, estradiol and progesterone receptors, and isocitric and estradiol dehydrogenase activity. For comparison, identical studies were carried out on specimens from premenopausal women in the proliferative and secretory phases of their cycle. All the estrogens exerted stimulatory effects in the postmenopausal specimens that were comparable to those observed in the premenopausal proliferative-phase specimens. Estropipate, subcutaneous estradiol, and conjugated estrogens had some hyperphysiologic effects. Maximal progestational effects occurred in the postmenopausal specimens only after norethindrone was administered for six days, and a constant level of activity equal to that in premenopausal secretory-phase specimens was then observed until the 10th day of exposure. Similar maximal effects occurred after six days of treatment with D/L-norgestrel (150 and 5 mg daily [10 mg daily produced less complete changes]). We conclude that many estrogen preparations subject the endometrium to a potent stimulus. Norethindrone and norgestrel are protective because they counteract the proliferative effects of estrogens, but the currently recommended daily dosages of these progestins can be greatly reduced without loss of response.
Collapse
|
35
|
Gerschenson LE, Conner EA, Yang J, Andersson M. Hormonal regulation of proliferation in two populations of rabbit endometrial cells in culture. Life Sci 1979; 24:1337-43. [PMID: 314557 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(79)90002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
36
|
Dollar JR, Boots LR, Bagwell JN. Histochemical and ultrastructural effects of enovid E on the endometrium of the baboon. Cell Tissue Res 1978; 192:451-60. [PMID: 100223 DOI: 10.1007/bf00212325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endometrium from a group of baboons treated with the oral contraceptive, Enovid E, was studied histologically, histochemically and ultrastructurally, and compared to endometrium from normally cycling animals. All endometria were obtained by transcervical uterine biopsy between 10 and 14 days of the treatment cycle or the normal menstrual cycle. Histologically, no discernible differences between the control and experimental endometria were apparent. While observable differences were not evident between the endometrial alkaline phosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase activities of control and experimental animals, there was an increased acid phosphatase activity in the Enovid E-treated baboon endometrium. Ultrastructurally, the glandular cells of treated animals appeared to be more physiologically advanced than did those from the control endometria. These advances were evident from the prominent Golgi complex, increased development of the endoplasmic reticulum and increases in the size, number and complexity of mitochondria. The functional correlates of these morphological and histochemical observations are discussed and compared to human endometrial studies.
Collapse
|
37
|
Shapiro SS, Forbes SH. Alterations in human endometrial protein synthesis during the menstrual cycle and in progestone-stimulated organ culture. Fertil Steril 1978; 30:175-80. [PMID: 680195 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)43456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic protein content of endometrium from women at various times in the menstrual cycle has been examined by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using a double-label isotope technique. Analysis of the gels for altered label ratios suggests an increase in the concentration of a single protein band during the immediate postovulatory period that can be duplicated by the addition of progesterone to organ cultures of preovulatory endometrium. An alteration in the protein content is also observed in the same section of these gels when they are stained and scanned. The protein band of interest migrates on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels at a rate that establishes its approximate molecular weight as 51,500.
Collapse
|
38
|
Bruchovsky N, Rennie PS, Doorn EV, Noble RL. Pathological growth of androgensensitive tissues resulting from latent actions of steroid hormones. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 1978; 4:391-408. [PMID: 351203 DOI: 10.1080/15287397809529667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hormonal responsiveness should be considered in terms of at least three homeostatic constraint mechanisms. Observations on the induction of specific responses in rat prostate reveal that certain of these are controlled differentially, and also that immature cells can be modified by low levels of androgen. The conditioning effect of low levels of steroid is further demonstrated by the benefits of fractional hormone-replacement therapy in controlling and delaying tumor progression. A revised approach to endocrine therapy of cancer should be seriously considered. This would entail the fractional replacement of hormone after ablative surgery.
Collapse
|
39
|
Rasweiler JJ. Preimplantation development, fate of the zona pellucida, and observations on the glycogen-rich oviduct of the little bulldog bat, Noctilio albiventris. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ANATOMY 1977; 150:269-99. [PMID: 562617 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001500205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive biology of Noctilio albiventris was investigated histologically in 112 females collected at the start of their synchronized breeding season during two different sampling years in the Cauca Valley of Colombia. Both ovaries were functional, but the animals were generally observed to be monovular. Embryonic development in the oviduct was found to proceed to blastocyst formation and loss of the zona pellucida. In 22 animals the discarded zona had been left behind in the oviduct upon passage of the embryo into the uterus and was still undissolved at the time of amniogenesis, the latest stage examined. The zonae which had passed into the uterus with the embryos often exhibited signs of dissolution. Most of the early blastocyts were morphologically distinctive, lacking a typical inner cell mass and being instead largely bilaminar. Degenerating ova from previous ovulations were found in the oviducts of two pregnant bats, suggesting that Noctilio may be another species in which the embryo stimulates its own escape from the oviduct. During tubal passage of the embryo the secretory cells of the oviductal ampulla and isthmus exhibited a transient engorgement with glycogen, particularly on the side ipsilateral to the new corpus luteum.
Collapse
|
40
|
Davie R, Hopwood D, Levison DA. Intercellular spaces and cell junctions in endometrial glands: their possible role in menstruation. BRITISH JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 1977; 84:467-76. [PMID: 889742 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1977.tb12625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular spaces and cell junctions in human endometrial glands were studied by elctron microscopy following different methods of fixation. The size of the spaces, known to alter during the cycle, was found to depend also on the method of fixation. Various intrusive cells and different types of cell debris were seen in these spaces. The three most widely recognized cell junctions (desmosomes, tight junctions and gap junctions), were all most abundant near the cell apices. The possible significance of these findings in elucidating the cellular mechanism of menstruation is discussed.
Collapse
|