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Genomic comparisons of Rhizobium species using in silico AFLP-PCR, endonuclease restriction, and AMPylating enzymes. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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2
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Laguerre G, Mazurier SI, Amarger N. Plasmid profiles and restriction fragment length polymorphism of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae in field populations. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.1992.tb01644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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3
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Selbitschka W, Jording D, Nieman S, Schmidt R, Pühler A, Mendum T, Hirsch P. Construction and characterization of a Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae strain designed to assess horizontal gene transfer in the environment. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1995; 128:255-63. [PMID: 7781972 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An integration vector was developed which inserts cloned DNA in a non-essential site of the Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae chromosome. The expression of integrated genes is under the control of the constitutive neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) promoter of transposon Tn5. The design of the vector ensures that loss of vector sequences can be detected, enabling selection of progeny containing only the requisite DNA. The newly constructed vector was employed to insert the Escherichia coli gusA gene conferring GUS activity into R. leguminosarum bv. viciae strain LRS39401 which is cured of its symbiotic plasmid (pSym). One GUS-positive transconjugant, strain CT0370, was shown to have lost all vector sequences. Conjugal transfer of pSym2004 (a Tn5-tagged derivative of symbiotic plasmid pRL1JI, which specifies pea nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation) to CT0370, restored the GUS-positive strain's symbiotic proficiency. Strain CT0370 is presently being used in a field release experiment in order to assess the extent of pSym transfer in a natural R. leguminosarum bv. viciae population under environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Selbitschka
- Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Universität Bielefeld, Germany
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4
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Abstract
The large, free-living amoebae have been widely used as model cells for studying a variety of biological phenomena, including cell motility, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, membrane function, and symbiosis. Results of studies by our group on amoebae as moving cells, as material for micrurgical manipulations, and as hosts for intracellular symbionts are summarized here. In particular, our recent studies of the amoeba as a microcosm, in which spontaneously infecting foreign microbes have become integrated as necessary cell components, are described in some detail. These processes have involved an initial microbial infection, mutual adaptation by the host and symbionts, and development of obligatory symbiosis. Evidence is presented to show that symbiont-derived macromolecules are involved in the protection of symbionts from digestion, the symbionts have acquired regulatory elements on their chromosomal genes to enhance production of beneficial gene products, and symbionts apparently utilize host-derived macromolecules to their benefit. These studies involved morphological observations both at light and electron microscopic levels, physiological and genetic studies, production and use of poly- and monoclonal antibodies, and molecular-biological approaches including gene cloning and sequencing. It is shown that amoebae are uniquely suited as model cells with which to study these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Jeon
- Department of Zoology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA
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5
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Novikova NI, Pavlova EA. Enhanced competitiveness for nodulation of Medicago sativa by Rhizobium meliloti transconjugants harbouring the root-inducing plasmids of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain 15834. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.1993.tb00017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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6
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Kündig C, Hennecke H, Göttfert M. Correlated physical and genetic map of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum 110 genome. J Bacteriol 1993; 175:613-22. [PMID: 8423135 PMCID: PMC196196 DOI: 10.1128/jb.175.3.613-622.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a compilation of 79 known genes of Bradyrhizobium japonicum 110, 63 of which were placed on a correlated physical and genetic map of the chromosome. Genomic DNA was restricted with enzymes PacI, PmeI, and SwaI, which yielded two, five, and nine fragments, respectively. Linkage of some of the fragments was established by performing Southern blot hybridization experiments. For probes we used isolated, labelled fragments that were produced either by PmeI or by SwaI. Genes were mapped on individual restriction fragments by performing gene-directed mutagenesis. The principle of this method was to introduce recognition sites for all three restriction enzymes mentioned above into or very near the desired gene loci. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of restricted mutant DNA then resulted in an altered fragment pattern compared with wild-type DNA. This allowed us to identify overlapping fragments and to determine the exact position of any selected gene locus. The technique was limited only by the accuracy of the fragment size estimates. After linkage of all of the restriction fragments we concluded that the B. japonicum genome consists of a single, circular chromosome that is approximately 8,700 kb long. Genes directly concerned with nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation are clustered in a chromosomal section that is about 380 kb long.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kündig
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH-Zentrum, Zürich, Switzerland
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7
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Laguerre G, Mazurier SI, Amarger N. Plasmid profiles and restriction fragment length polymorphism ofRhizobium leguminosarumbv.viciaein field populations. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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8
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Novikova N, Safronova V. Transconjugants ofAgrobacterium radiobacterharbouring sym genes ofRhizobium galegaecan form an effective symbiosis withMedicago sativa. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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9
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Fobert PR, Roy N, Nash JHE, Iyer VN. Procedure for Obtaining Efficient Root Nodulation of a Pea Cultivar by a Desired
Rhizobium
Strain and Preempting Nodulation by Other Strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 1991; 57:1590-1594. [PMID: 16348502 PMCID: PMC183437 DOI: 10.1128/aem.57.6.1590-1594.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The specificity between the
sym-2
gene bred into certain cultivars of pea (
Pisum sativum
L.) and the
nodX
gene, present only rarely in isolates of
Rhizobium leguminosarum
, can be exploited to preempt competition or nodulation blocking by a
Rhizobium
strain indigenous to a soil environment. The principle is to isolate an
R. leguminosarum
strain prevalent in a locale, convert it into a strain that will nodulate a desirable pea cultivar carrying
sym-2
by establishing
nodX
in it, and then use the resulting
Rhizobium
strain with the pea cultivar carrying
sym-2
. To accomplish this, we first constructed a transposon Tn
5
derivative called Tn
5nodX
and an efficient delivery vehicle that is suicidal in
R. leguminosarum
. We tested the potential utility of the system in greenhouse experiments. The results are encouraging enough to warrant extensive experiments under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Fobert
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
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10
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Onyeocha I, Vieille C, Zimmer W, Baca BE, Flores M, Palacios R, Elmerich C. Physical map and properties of a 90-MDa plasmid of Azospirillum brasilense Sp7. Plasmid 1990; 23:169-82. [PMID: 2217570 DOI: 10.1016/0147-619x(90)90049-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Homology was previously detected between the DNA restriction fragments containing Rhizobium meliloti nodulation genes and the 90-MDa plasmid, p90, of Azospirillum brasilense Sp7. Two DNA loci from Sp7 genome that complement mutations in the exopolysaccharide synthesis genes, exoB and exoC, of R. meliloti were also shown to be present on the plasmid. A more detailed characterization of the plasmid was undertaken to establish its physical map and to localize the nod homologies and other specific regions. Six loci were mapped, the region homologous to the nodulation genes, nodPQ, of R. meliloti, the exoB and exoC mutation-correcting loci, a locus for Ap resistance, a bla homology region different from the Ap resistance locus, and a region necessary for the maintenance of p90 as an independent replicon. Mobilization into Agrobacterium tumefaciens of p90-Tn5-Mob was obtained at a frequency of 10(-4), with the plasmid helper pJB3JI. Self-transfer of p90 was not demonstrated. Fragments of p90 hybridized with a plasmid of 90 MDa present in most A. brasilense and some A. lipoferum strains, suggesting a plasmid family in Azospirillum.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Onyeocha
- URA 1300 CNRS, Département des Biotechnologies, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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11
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Buendia-Claveria AM, Romero F, Cubo T, Perez-Silva J, Ruiz-Sainz JE. Inter and Intraspecific Transfer of a Rhizobium fredii Symbiotic Plasmid: Expression and Incompatibility of Symbiotic Plasmids. Syst Appl Microbiol 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(89)80016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Prakash RK, Cummings B. Creation of novel nitrogen-fixing actinomycetes by protoplast fusion of Frankia with streptomyces. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1988; 10:281-289. [PMID: 24277522 DOI: 10.1007/bf00027405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/1987] [Accepted: 12/07/1987] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Protoplast fusion was used for the creation of a novel actinomycete capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Protoplasts of Streptomyces griseofuscus, a fast-growing actinomycete, and Frankia, a slow-growing actinomycete which fixes atmospheric nitrogen in culture and in symbiotic association with alders, were allowed to fuse and regenerate on media without supplied nitrogen. Colonies which regenerated acquired the fast-growing characteristic of Streptomyces and the ability to grow on nitrogen-deficient media from Frankia. These colonies resembled Streptomyces in their morphology and fixed atmospheric nitrogen in culture. They contained both the parent Streptomyces DNA sequences and the Frankia DNA sequences homologous to nif structural genes HDK of K. pneumoniae. In addition to in vitro nitrogen-fixing capacity, one out of 20 colonies also formed nitrogen-fixing root nodules on Alnus rubra, the host plant for the Frankia strain. Examination of the root nodules induced by the hybrids showed only the presence of hyphae-like structures. The typical vesicle-like structures present in Frankia were absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Prakash
- NPI, University Research Park, 417 Wakara Way, 84108, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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13
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Noel KD, Vandenbosch KA, Kulpaca B. Mutations in Rhizobium phaseoli that lead to arrested development of infection threads. J Bacteriol 1986; 168:1392-401. [PMID: 3782040 PMCID: PMC213651 DOI: 10.1128/jb.168.3.1392-1401.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two Rhizobium phaseoli mutants, isolated previously by Tn5 mutagenesis, elicited infection threads which ceased development prematurely, usually within root hairs. These infection threads were wide, globular, and otherwise altered in morphology, compared with normal infection threads. Anatomy and division of the root cortical cells during initial stages of nodule morphogenesis appeared normal. However, later nodule differentiation deviated considerably from normal development, and release of bacteria from infection threads was not observed. In tryptone-yeast extract medium the mutants sedimented during growth in shaken cultures and formed rough colonies on agar. Electrophoresis of washed cultures solubilized in dodecyl sulfate revealed that the major carbohydrate band was absent from the mutants. The behavior of this carbohydrate in phenol-water extraction and gel chromatography, its apparent ketodeoxyoctonate content, and its susceptibility to mild acid hydrolysis suggested that it was a lipopolysaccharide. From the results of genetic crosses or reversion analysis, the defect in synthesizing this carbohydrate material and the defect in infection could be attributed to a single mutation in each mutant.
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14
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In Bradyrhizobium japonicum the common nodulation genes, nodABC, are linked to nifA and fixA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00333286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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