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A Novel Organophosphorus Acid Anhydrolase from Deep Sea Sediment with High Degradation Efficiency for Organophosphorus Pesticides and Nerve Agent. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061112. [PMID: 35744629 PMCID: PMC9231299 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs), including highly toxic nerve agents and pesticides, have been used widely in agricultural and military applications. However, they have aroused widespread concern because they persistently pollute the environment and threaten human life. Organophosphorus acid anhydrolase (OPAA) is a promising enzyme that can detoxify OPCs. Here, a novel OPAA (OPAA114644) was isolated and characterized from deep-sea sediment (−3104 m). It exhibited excellent alkaline stability, and the loss of activity was less than 20% in the pH range 5.0–9.0, even after being incubated for 30 d at 4 °C. It also exhibited high salt tolerance, and its enzymatic activity increased by approximately fourfold in the presence of 20% NaCl (w/v). Additionally, OPAA114644 exhibited high degradation efficiency for soman, dichlorvos, paraoxon, coumaphos, and chlorpyrifos with a concentration of up to 250 mg/L, with the degradation rate being 100%, 100%, 100%, 80% and 51%, respectively, in 20 min under optimal conditions. Notably, OPAA114644 dissolved in different solutions, such as 20% NaCl, 1 mM SDS, 0.05% soap, 10% methanol, and tap water, could efficiently decontaminate the residual paraoxon on the surfaces of glasses, cotton tissues, and apples. These results indicate that OPAA114644 has excellent potential for the biodegradation and bioremediation of OPCs pollution and represents a real application of OPAA in the decontamination and detoxification of foods and clothes, and in the remediation of sites such as floors. Deep-sea sediment might also be an abundant resource for various functional microorganisms and enzymes.
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Timofeev V, Slutskaya E, Gorbacheva M, Boyko K, Rakitina T, Korzhenevskiy D, Lipkin A, Popov V. Structure of recombinant prolidase from Thermococcus sibiricus in space group P21221. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2015; 71:951-7. [PMID: 26249680 PMCID: PMC4528922 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x15009498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of recombinant prolidase from Thermococcus sibiricus was determined by X-ray diffraction at a resolution of 2.6 Å and was found to contain a tetramer in the asymmetric unit. A protein crystal grown in microgravity using the counter-diffusion method was used for X-ray studies. The crystal belonged to space group P21221, with unit-cell parameters a = 97.60, b = 123.72, c = 136.52 Å, α = β = γ = 90°. The structure was refined to an Rcryst of 22.1% and an Rfree of 29.6%. The structure revealed flexible folding of the N-terminal domain of the protein as well as high variability in the positions of the bound metal ions. The coordinates of the resulting model were deposited in the Protein Data Bank as entry 4rgz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Timofeev
- Protein Factory, National Research Centre ‘Kurchatov Institute’, Akademika Kurchatova Square 1, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
- X-ray Analysis Methods and Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospekt 59, Moscow 119333, Russian Federation
| | - Elvira Slutskaya
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospekt 33, Moscow 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Gorbacheva
- Protein Factory, National Research Centre ‘Kurchatov Institute’, Akademika Kurchatova Square 1, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospekt 33, Moscow 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin Boyko
- Protein Factory, National Research Centre ‘Kurchatov Institute’, Akademika Kurchatova Square 1, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospekt 33, Moscow 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Rakitina
- Protein Factory, National Research Centre ‘Kurchatov Institute’, Akademika Kurchatova Square 1, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation Proteins, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Korzhenevskiy
- Protein Factory, National Research Centre ‘Kurchatov Institute’, Akademika Kurchatova Square 1, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Lipkin
- Protein Factory, National Research Centre ‘Kurchatov Institute’, Akademika Kurchatova Square 1, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Popov
- Protein Factory, National Research Centre ‘Kurchatov Institute’, Akademika Kurchatova Square 1, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospekt 33, Moscow 119071, Russian Federation
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Theriot CM, Tove SR, Grunden AM. Characterization of two proline dipeptidases (prolidases) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 86:177-88. [PMID: 19784642 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Prolidases hydrolyze the unique bond between X-Pro dipeptides and can also cleave the P-F and P-O bonds found in organophosphorus compounds, including the nerve agents, soman and sarin. The advantages of using hyperthermophilic enzymes in biodetoxification strategies are based on their enzyme stability and efficiency. Therefore, it is advantageous to examine new thermostable prolidases for potential use in biotechnological applications. Two thermostable prolidase homologs, PH1149 and PH0974, were identified in the genome of Pyrococcus horikoshii based on their sequences having conserved metal binding and catalytic amino acid residues that are present in other known prolidases, such as the previously characterized Pyrococcus furiosus prolidase. These P. horikoshii prolidases were expressed recombinantly in the Escherichia coli strain BL21 (lambdaDE3), and both were shown to function as proline dipeptidases. Biochemical characterization of these prolidases shows they have higher catalytic activities over a broader pH range, higher affinity for metal and are more stable compared to P. furiosus prolidase. This study has important implications for the potential use of these enzymes in biotechnological applications and provides further information on the functional traits of hyperthermophilic proteins, specifically metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey M Theriot
- Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, 4548 Gardner Hall, Campus Box 7615, Raleigh, NC 27695-7615, USA
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Theriot CM, Tove SR, Grunden AM. Biotechnological applications of recombinant microbial prolidases. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2009; 68:99-132. [PMID: 19426854 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(09)01203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Prolidase is a metallopeptidase that is ubiquitous in nature and has been isolated from mammals, bacteria and archaea. Prolidase specifically hydrolyzes dipeptides with a prolyl residue in the carboxy terminus (NH(2)-X-/-Pro-COOH). Currently, the only solved structure of prolidase is from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. This enzyme is of particular interest because it can be used in many biotechnological applications. Prolidase is able to degrade toxic organophosphorus (OP) compounds, namely, by cleaving the P-F and P-O bonds in the nerve agents, sarin and soman. Applications using prolidase to detoxify OP nerve agents include its incorporation into fire-fighting foams and as biosensors for OP compound detection. Prolidases are also employed in the cheese-ripening process to improve cheese taste and texture. In humans, prolidase deficiency (PD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that affects the connective tissue. Symptoms of PD include skin lesions, mental retardation and recurrent respiratory infections. Enzyme replacement therapies are currently being studied in an effort to optimize enzyme delivery and stability for this application. Previously, prolidase has been linked to collagen metabolism and more recently is being associated with melanoma. Increased prolidase activity in melanoma cell lines has lead investigators to create cancer prodrugs targeting this enzyme. Thus, there are many biotechnological applications using recombinant and native forms of prolidase and this review will describe the biochemical and structural properties of prolidases as well as discuss their most current applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey M Theriot
- Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7615, USA
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Du X, Tove S, Kast-Hutcheson K, Grunden AM. Characterization of the dinuclear metal center ofPyrococcus furiosusprolidase by analysis of targeted mutants. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:6140-6. [PMID: 16243319 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Revised: 09/27/2005] [Accepted: 09/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prolidases are dipeptidases specific for cleavage of Xaa-Pro dipeptides. Pyrococcus furiosus prolidase is a homodimer having one Co-bound dinuclear metal cluster per monomer with one tightly bound Co(II) site and the other loosely bound (Kd 0.24 mM). To identify which Co site is tight-binding and which is loose-binding, site-directed mutagenesis was used to modify amino acid residues that participate in binding the Co1 (E-313 and H-284), the Co2 site (D-209) or the bidentate ligand (E-327). Metal-content, enzyme activity and CD-spectra analyses of D209A-, H284L-, and E327L-prolidase mutants show that Co1 is the tight-binding and Co2 the loose-binding metal center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Du
- Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Box 7615, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Schofield LR, Patchett ML, Parker EJ. Expression, purification, and characterization of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase from Pyrococcus furiosus. Protein Expr Purif 2004; 34:17-27. [PMID: 14766297 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2003.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2003] [Revised: 11/06/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (DAH7PS) catalyzes the condensation reaction between phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and erythrose 4-phosphate (E4P). DAH7PS from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus has been expressed in Escherichia coli. The expressed protein was insoluble but was partially solubilized as a dimer by the inclusion of 200 mM KCl in the cell lysis buffer. An effective two step purification procedure has been developed. The first step resulted in a high degree of purification and involved lysis by sonication at approximately 40 degrees C followed by a heat treatment at 70 degrees C. A continuous assay measuring the loss of PEP at 232 nm at elevated temperatures was also developed. Temperature, pH, and divalent metal ions all had an effect on the extinction coefficient of PEP. Purified recombinant P. furiosus DAH7PS is a dimer with a subunit Mr of 29,226 (determined by ESMS), shows resistance to denaturation by SDS, has activity over a broad pH range, and has an activation energy of 88 kJmol-1. The kinetic parameters are Km (PEP) 120 microM, Km (E4P) 28 microM, and kcat 1.5s-1, at 60 degrees C and pH 6.8. DAH7PS is not inhibited by phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. EDTA inactivates the enzyme and enzyme activity is restored by a wide range of divalent metal ions including (in order of decreasing effectiveness): Zn2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Hg2+, and Cu2+. This detailed characterization of the DAH7PS from P. furiosus raises the possibility that the subfamily Ibeta DAH7PS enzymes are metal ion dependent, contrary to previous predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linley R Schofield
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Lowther WT, Matthews BW. Metalloaminopeptidases: common functional themes in disparate structural surroundings. Chem Rev 2002; 102:4581-608. [PMID: 12475202 DOI: 10.1021/cr0101757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Todd Lowther
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Physics, 1229 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1229, USA
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