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Nagarajan VK, Kukulich PM, von Hagel B, Green PJ. RNA degradomes reveal substrates and importance for dark and nitrogen stress responses of Arabidopsis XRN4. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:9216-9230. [PMID: 31428786 PMCID: PMC6755094 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
XRN4, the plant cytoplasmic homolog of yeast and metazoan XRN1, catalyzes exoribonucleolytic degradation of uncapped mRNAs from the 5' end. Most studies of cytoplasmic XRN substrates have focused on polyadenylated transcripts, although many substrates are likely first deadenylated. Here, we report the global investigation of XRN4 substrates in both polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated RNA to better understand the impact of the enzyme in Arabidopsis. RNA degradome analysis demonstrated that xrn4 mutants overaccumulate many more decapped deadenylated intermediates than those that are polyadenylated. Among these XRN4 substrates that have 5' ends precisely at cap sites, those associated with photosynthesis, nitrogen responses and auxin responses were enriched. Moreover, xrn4 was found to be defective in the dark stress response and lateral root growth during N resupply, demonstrating that XRN4 is required during both processes. XRN4 also contributes to nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) and xrn4 accumulates 3' fragments of select NMD targets, despite the lack of the metazoan endoribonuclease SMG6 in plants. Beyond demonstrating that XRN4 is a major player in multiple decay pathways, this study identified intriguing molecular impacts of the enzyme, including those that led to new insights about mRNA decay and discovery of functional contributions at the whole-plant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay K Nagarajan
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute and Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Patrick M Kukulich
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute and Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Bryan von Hagel
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute and Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Pamela J Green
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute and Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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Windels D, Bucher E. The 5'-3' Exoribonuclease XRN4 Regulates Auxin Response via the Degradation of Auxin Receptor Transcripts. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9120638. [PMID: 30563022 PMCID: PMC6316084 DOI: 10.3390/genes9120638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin is a major hormone which plays crucial roles in instructing virtually all developmental programs of plants. Its signaling depends primarily on its perception by four partially redundant receptors of the TIR1/AFB2 clade (TAARs), which subsequently mediate the specific degradation of AUX/IAA transcriptional repressors to modulate the expression of primary auxin-responsive genes. Auxin homeostasis depends on complex regulations at the level of synthesis, conjugation, and transport. However, the mechanisms and principles involved in the homeostasis of its signaling are just starting to emerge. We report that xrn4 mutants exhibit pleiotropic developmental defects and strong auxin hypersensitivity phenotypes. We provide compelling evidences that these phenotypes are directly caused by improper regulation of TAAR transcript degradation. We show that the cytoplasmic 5′-3′ exoribonuclease XRN4 is required for auxin response. Thus, our work identifies new targets of XRN4 and a new level of regulation for TAAR transcripts important for auxin response and for plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Windels
- Botanical Institute, University of Basel, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, Part of the Swiss Plant Science Web, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071 Beaucouzé, France.
| | - Etienne Bucher
- Botanical Institute, University of Basel, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, Part of the Swiss Plant Science Web, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071 Beaucouzé, France.
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Deragon JM, Bousquet-Antonelli C. The role of LARP1 in translation and beyond. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2015; 6:399-417. [PMID: 25892282 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The LARP1 proteins form an evolutionarily homogeneous subgroup of the eukaryotic superfamily of La-Motif (LAM) containing factors. Members of the LARP1 family are found in most protists, fungi, plants, and animals. We review here evidence suggesting that LARP1 are key versatile messenger RNA (mRNA)-binding proteins involved in regulating important biological processes such as gametogenesis, embryogenesis, sex determination, and cell division in animals, as well as acclimation to stress in yeasts and plants. LARP1 proteins perform all these essential tasks likely by binding to key mRNAs and regulating their stability and/or translation. In human, the impact of LARP1 over cell division and proliferation is potentially under the control of the TORC1 complex. We review data suggesting that LARP1 is a direct target of this master signaling hub. TOR-dependent LARP1 phosphorylation could specifically enhance the translation of TOP mRNAs providing a way to promote translation, growth, and proliferation. Consequently, LARP1 is found to be significantly upregulated in many malignant cell types. In plants, LARP1 was found to act as a cofactor of the heat-induced mRNA degradation process, an essential acclimation strategy leading to the degradation of more than 4500 mRNAs coding for growth and development housekeeping functions. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the LARP1 proteins (Slf1p and Sro9p) are important, among other things, for copper resistance and oxidative stress survival. LARP1 proteins are therefore emerging as critical ancient mRNA-binding factors that evolved common as well as specific targets and regulatory functions in all eukaryotic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Deragon
- CNRS, LGDP-UMR5096, Perpignan, France.,University of Perpignan, LGDP-UMR5096, Perpignan, France
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Merret R, Nagarajan VK, Carpentier MC, Park S, Favory JJ, Descombin J, Picart C, Charng YY, Green PJ, Deragon JM, Bousquet-Antonelli C. Heat-induced ribosome pausing triggers mRNA co-translational decay in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:4121-32. [PMID: 25845591 PMCID: PMC4417158 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The reprogramming of gene expression in heat stress is a key determinant to organism survival. Gene expression is downregulated through translation initiation inhibition and release of free mRNPs that are rapidly degraded or stored. In mammals, heat also triggers 5′-ribosome pausing preferentially on transcripts coding for HSC/HSP70 chaperone targets, but the impact of such phenomenon on mRNA fate remains unknown. Here, we provide evidence that, in Arabidopsis thaliana, heat provokes 5′-ribosome pausing leading to the XRN4-mediated 5′-directed decay of translating mRNAs. We also show that hindering HSC/HSP70 activity at 20°C recapitulates heat effects by inducing ribosome pausing and co-translational mRNA turnover. Strikingly, co-translational decay targets encode proteins with high HSC/HSP70 binding scores and hydrophobic N-termini, two characteristics that were previously observed for transcripts most prone to pausing in animals. This work suggests for the first time that stress-induced variation of translation elongation rate is an evolutionarily conserved process leading to the polysomal degradation of thousands of ‘non-aberrant’ mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Merret
- CNRS-LGDP UMR 5096, 58 av. Paul Alduy 66860 Perpignan, France Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, LGDP-UMR5096, 58 av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Vinay K Nagarajan
- University of Delaware, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Marie-Christine Carpentier
- CNRS-LGDP UMR 5096, 58 av. Paul Alduy 66860 Perpignan, France Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, LGDP-UMR5096, 58 av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Sunhee Park
- University of Delaware, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Jean-Jacques Favory
- CNRS-LGDP UMR 5096, 58 av. Paul Alduy 66860 Perpignan, France Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, LGDP-UMR5096, 58 av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Julie Descombin
- CNRS-LGDP UMR 5096, 58 av. Paul Alduy 66860 Perpignan, France Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, LGDP-UMR5096, 58 av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Claire Picart
- CNRS-LGDP UMR 5096, 58 av. Paul Alduy 66860 Perpignan, France Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, LGDP-UMR5096, 58 av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Yee-Yung Charng
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Section 2, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, ROC
| | - Pamela J Green
- University of Delaware, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Deragon
- CNRS-LGDP UMR 5096, 58 av. Paul Alduy 66860 Perpignan, France Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, LGDP-UMR5096, 58 av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Cécile Bousquet-Antonelli
- CNRS-LGDP UMR 5096, 58 av. Paul Alduy 66860 Perpignan, France Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, LGDP-UMR5096, 58 av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
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Merret R, Descombin J, Juan YT, Favory JJ, Carpentier MC, Chaparro C, Charng YY, Deragon JM, Bousquet-Antonelli C. XRN4 and LARP1 Are Required for a Heat-Triggered mRNA Decay Pathway Involved in Plant Acclimation and Survival during Thermal Stress. Cell Rep 2013; 5:1279-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Nagarajan VK, Jones CI, Newbury SF, Green PJ. XRN 5'→3' exoribonucleases: structure, mechanisms and functions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1829:590-603. [PMID: 23517755 PMCID: PMC3742305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The XRN family of 5'→3' exoribonucleases is critical for ensuring the fidelity of cellular RNA turnover in eukaryotes. Highly conserved across species, the family is typically represented by one cytoplasmic enzyme (XRN1/PACMAN or XRN4) and one or more nuclear enzymes (XRN2/RAT1 and XRN3). Cytoplasmic and/or nuclear XRNs have proven to be essential in all organisms tested, and deficiencies can have severe developmental phenotypes, demonstrating that XRNs are indispensable in fungi, plants and animals. XRNs degrade diverse RNA substrates during general RNA decay and function in specialized processes integral to RNA metabolism, such as nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), gene silencing, rRNA maturation, and transcription termination. Here, we review current knowledge of XRNs, highlighting recent work of high impact and future potential. One example is the breakthrough in our understanding of how XRN1 processively degrades 5' monophosphorylated RNA, revealed by its crystal structure and mutational analysis. The expanding knowledge of XRN substrates and interacting partners is outlined and the functions of XRNs are interpreted at the organismal level using available mutant phenotypes. Finally, three case studies are discussed in more detail to underscore a few of the most exciting areas of research on XRN function: XRN4 involvement in small RNA-associated processes in plants, the roles of XRN1/PACMAN in Drosophila development, and the function of human XRN2 in nuclear transcriptional quality control. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: RNA Decay mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay K. Nagarajan
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Christopher I. Jones
- Medical Research Building, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK
| | - Sarah F. Newbury
- Medical Research Building, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK
| | - Pamela J. Green
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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The Exosome and 3′–5′ RNA Degradation in Plants. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 702:50-62. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7841-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Olmedo G, Guo H, Gregory BD, Nourizadeh SD, Aguilar-Henonin L, Li H, An F, Guzman P, Ecker JR. ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE5 encodes a 5'-->3' exoribonuclease required for regulation of the EIN3-targeting F-box proteins EBF1/2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:13286-93. [PMID: 16920797 PMCID: PMC1550774 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0605528103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene is a gaseous plant growth regulator that controls a multitude of developmental and stress responses. Recently, the levels of Arabidopsis EIN3 protein, a key transcription factor mediating ethylene-regulated gene expression, have been demonstrated to increase in response to the presence of ethylene gas. Furthermore, in the absence of ethylene, EIN3 is quickly degraded through a ubiquitin/proteasome pathway mediated by two F-box proteins, EBF1 and EBF2. Here we report the identification of ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE5 as the 5'-->3' exoribonuclease XRN4. Specifically, we demonstrate that EIN5 is a component of the ethylene signal transduction cascade acting downstream of CTR1 that is required for ethylene-mediated gene expression changes. Furthermore, we find that the ethylene insensitivity of ein5 mutant plants is a consequence of the over-accumulation of EBF1 and EBF2 mRNAs resulting in the under-accumulation of EIN3 even in the presence of ethylene gas. Together, our results suggest that the role of EIN5 in ethylene perception is to antagonize the negative feedback regulation on EIN3 by promoting EBF1 and EBF2 mRNA decay, which consequently allows the accumulation of EIN3 protein to trigger the ethylene response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Olmedo
- *Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética de Plantas, Cinvestav, Campus Guanajuato, Apartado Postal 629, 36500 Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Hongwei Guo
- *Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
- National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; and
| | - Brian D. Gregory
- *Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | - Laura Aguilar-Henonin
- *Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética de Plantas, Cinvestav, Campus Guanajuato, Apartado Postal 629, 36500 Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Hongjiang Li
- National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; and
| | - Fengying An
- National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; and
| | - Plinio Guzman
- *Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética de Plantas, Cinvestav, Campus Guanajuato, Apartado Postal 629, 36500 Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Joseph R. Ecker
- *Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Souret FF, Kastenmayer JP, Green PJ. AtXRN4 Degrades mRNA in Arabidopsis and Its Substrates Include Selected miRNA Targets. Mol Cell 2004; 15:173-83. [PMID: 15260969 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2004] [Revised: 05/15/2004] [Accepted: 05/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Messenger RNA degradation is an essential step in gene expression that can be regulated by siRNAs or miRNAs. However, most of our knowledge of in vivo eukaryotic mRNA degradation mechanisms derives from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which lacks miRNAs and RNAi capability. Using reverse genetic and microarray analyses, we have identified multiple substrates of AtXRN4, the Arabidopsis homolog of the major yeast mRNA degrading exoribonuclease, Xrn1p. Insertional mutation of AtXRN4 leads to accumulation of the 3' end of several mRNAs, in a manner that correlates with increased stability of the 3' end, and is reversed following complementation with AtXRN4. Moreover, 3' products of miRNA-mediated cleavage of SCARECROW-LIKE transcripts and several other miRNA target transcripts are among those that accumulate in xrn4 mutants. The demonstration that an Xrn1p homolog degrades mRNA in a multicellular eukaryote and contributes to the miRNA-mediated decay pathway of selected targets has implications for XRNs in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric F Souret
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark 19711, USA
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