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Goto T, Hirotsu Y, Amemiya K, Mochizuki H, Omata M. Understanding Intratumor Heterogeneity and Evolution in NSCLC and Potential New Therapeutic Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10070212. [PMID: 29932159 PMCID: PMC6071014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in innovative technology, including next-generation sequencing, have allowed comprehensive genomic analysis and the elucidation of the genomic aspect of intratumor heterogeneity (ITH). Moreover, models of the evolution of the cancer genome have been proposed by integrating these analyses. Cancer has been considered to accumulate genetic abnormalities for clonal evolution in time and space, and these evolutionary patterns vary depending on the organs of primary sites. Selection pressure is an important determinant of such evolutionary patterns. With weak selection pressure, more diverse clones coexist, and heterogeneity increases. Heterogeneity is maximized when there is no selection pressure; in other words, neutral evolution occurs. Some types of cancer such as lung cancer evolve in conditions that have maintained close to neutral evolution and produce diverse variants. This ITH is a key factor contributing to the lethal outcome of cancer, therapeutic failure, and drug resistance. This factor reaffirms the complexity and subtle adaptability of cancer. It is expected that further understanding of ITH and cancer genome evolution will facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies to overcome ITH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichiro Goto
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu 400-8506, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu 400-8506, Japan.
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu 400-8506, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu 400-8506, Japan.
| | - Masao Omata
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu 400-8506, Japan.
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Franzellitti S, Kiwan A, Valbonesi P, Capolupo M, Buratti S, Moon TW, Fabbri E. Characterization of a β2 adrenergic receptor protein precursor in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and its tissue distribution across silvering. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 137:158-168. [PMID: 29576394 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study provides the characterization and tissue distribution of a β2-AR in the female European eel during silvering, aiming to better understand the adrenergic system involvement in this critical maturation event. A putative β2-AR (ADRB2) mRNA was cloned and sequenced. Amino acid residues and motifs important for ligand binding are generally conserved across fish and between fish and mammals, although the occurrence of some sequence variabilities may explain the noted peculiarities of eel AR interaction with pharmacological ligands. The tissue distribution of the ADRB2 gene product was analyzed in five tissues of the eel at different silvering stages and compared with that of the ADRA1 mRNA encoding an α1-AR subtype. On the whole, data suggested that relative ADRA1/ADRB2 tissue expression across silvering is part of the preparatory (molecular) adjustments required to face changes in habitats and migration efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Franzellitti
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, I-48123, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Alisar Kiwan
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, I-48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Paola Valbonesi
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, I-48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Marco Capolupo
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, I-48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Sara Buratti
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, I-48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Thomas W Moon
- Department of Biology and the Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Elena Fabbri
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, I-48123, Ravenna, Italy
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Dettaï A, di Prisco G, Lecointre G, Parisi E, Verde C. Inferring evolution of fish proteins: the globin case study. Methods Enzymol 2008; 436:539-70. [PMID: 18237653 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(08)36030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Because hemoglobins (Hbs) of all animal species have the same heme group, differences in their properties, including oxygen affinity, electrophoretic mobility, and pH sensitivity, must result from the interaction of the prosthetic group with specific amino acid residues in the primary structure. For this reason, fish globins have been the object of extensive studies in the past few years, not only for their structural characteristics but also because they offer the possibility to investigate the evolutionary history of Hbs in marine and freshwater species living in a large variety of environmental conditions. For such a purpose, phylogenetic analysis of globin sequences can be combined with knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships between species. In addition, Type I functional-divergence analysis is aimed toward predicting the amino acid residues that are more likely responsible for biochemical diversification of different Hb families. These residues, mapped on the three-dimensional Hb structure, can provide insights into functional and structural divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Dettaï
- UMR, Département Systématique et Evolution, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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