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Vishwakarma A, Wany A, Pandey S, Bulle M, Kumari A, Kishorekumar R, Igamberdiev AU, Mur LAJ, Gupta KJ. Current approaches to measure nitric oxide in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4333-4343. [PMID: 31106826 PMCID: PMC6736158 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is now established as an important signalling molecule in plants where it influences growth, development, and responses to stress. Despite extensive research, the most appropriate methods to measure and localize these signalling radicals are debated and still need investigation. Many confounding factors such as the presence of other reactive intermediates, scavenging enzymes, and compartmentation influence how accurately each can be measured. Further, these signalling radicals have short half-lives ranging from seconds to minutes based on the cellular redox condition. Hence, it is necessary to use sensitive and specific methods in order to understand the contribution of each signalling molecule to various biological processes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on NO measurement in plant samples, via various methods. We also discuss advantages, limitations, and wider applications of each method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aakanksha Wany
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonika Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Mallesham Bulle
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Aprajita Kumari
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Reddy Kishorekumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Institute of Environmental and Rural Science, Aberystwyth University, Edward Llwyd Building, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- Correspondence:
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Koenigshofer H, Loeppert HG. The up-regulation of proline synthesis in the meristematic tissues of wheat seedlings upon short-term exposure to osmotic stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 237:21-29. [PMID: 30999074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
An increase in the cellular concentration of free proline is a common response of many plants to various types of environmental stress. In this study, we monitored the accumulation of proline and the activities of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR), the key enzymes of proline biosynthesis, in different parts of 4-day-old seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Josef) in the course of the first 8 h after the application of osmotic stress to determine the primary sites of proline production under water deficit conditions. Our results show that proline accumulated rapidly over this stress period in the root tips (cell division and elongation zone) and the basal region of the leaves in a time-dependent manner. Parallel to the rise in proline content, the activities of P5CS and P5CR increased markedly in these growing tissues under osmotic stress. Dissection of the root tip and the leaf base demonstrated that after 8 h of water shortage the accumulation of proline and the activities of P5CS and P5CR were highest in the regions where active cell division takes place. In the mature parts of the root and the leaf, there was virtually no enhancement of proline metabolism during the early phase of water deprivation investigated here. These data indicate that at the initial stage of water stress proline production is primarily required for the protection of the meristematic tissues in the roots and leaves. Furthermore, a transient rise in nitric oxide (NO) production was detected in the root tips and the leaf base in response to osmotic stress just before proline synthesis was enhanced. Treatment with the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) reduced considerably the increase in the activities of P5CS and P5CR and suppressed the accumulation of proline by more than 85% in the stressed root tips and the leaf base. These results suggest that NO is involved as a signalling molecule in the up-regulation of proline synthesis in the growing tissues of young wheat seedlings in response to short-term water deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Koenigshofer
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor Mendelstraße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Georg Loeppert
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor Mendelstraße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
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Medina-Andrés R, Solano-Peralta A, Saucedo-Vázquez JP, Napsucialy-Mendivil S, Pimentel-Cabrera JA, Sosa-Torres ME, Dubrovsky JG, Lira-Ruan V. The nitric oxide production in the moss Physcomitrella patens is mediated by nitrate reductase. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119400. [PMID: 25742644 PMCID: PMC4351199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last 20 years multiple roles of the nitric oxide gas (•NO) have been uncovered in plant growth, development and many physiological processes. In seed plants the enzymatic synthesis of •NO is mediated by a nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like activity performed by a still unknown enzyme(s) and nitrate reductase (NR). In green algae the •NO production has been linked only to NR activity, although a NOS gene was reported for Ostreococcus tauri and O. lucimarinus, no other Viridiplantae species has such gene. As there is no information about •NO synthesis neither for non-vascular plants nor for non-seed vascular plants, the interesting question regarding the evolution of the enzymatic •NO production systems during land plant natural history remains open. To address this issue the endogenous •NO production by protonema was demonstrated using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). The •NO signal was almost eliminated in plants treated with sodium tungstate, which also reduced the NR activity, demonstrating that in P. patens NR activity is the main source for •NO production. The analysis with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) confirmed endogenous NO production and showed that •NO signal is accumulated in the cytoplasm of protonema cells. The results presented here show for the first time the •NO production in a non-vascular plant and demonstrate that the NR-dependent enzymatic synthesis of •NO is common for embryophytes and green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigoberto Medina-Andrés
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Desarrollo Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Alejandro Solano-Peralta
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México
| | - Juan Pablo Saucedo-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México
| | - Selene Napsucialy-Mendivil
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | | | - Martha Elena Sosa-Torres
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México
| | - Joseph G. Dubrovsky
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Verónica Lira-Ruan
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Desarrollo Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- * E-mail:
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Detection and function of nitric oxide during the hypersensitive response in Arabidopsis thaliana: Where there’s a will there’s a way. Nitric Oxide 2014; 43:81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Arc E, Galland M, Godin B, Cueff G, Rajjou L. Nitric oxide implication in the control of seed dormancy and germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:346. [PMID: 24065970 PMCID: PMC3777103 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Germination ability is regulated by a combination of environmental and endogenous signals with both synergistic and antagonistic effects. Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent dormancy-releasing agent in many species, including Arabidopsis, and has been suggested to behave as an endogenous regulator of this physiological blockage. Distinct reports have also highlighted a positive impact of NO on seed germination under sub-optimal conditions. However, its molecular mode of action in the context of seed biology remains poorly documented. This review aims to focus on the implications of this radical in the control of seed dormancy and germination. The consequences of NO chemistry on the investigations on both its signaling and its targets in seeds are discussed. NO-dependent protein post-translational modifications are proposed as a key mechanism underlying NO signaling during early seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwann Arc
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – AgroParisTech), Laboratory of Excellence “Saclay Plant Sciences”, VersaillesFrance
- AgroParisTech, UFR de Physiologie végétaleParis, France
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of BotanyInnsbruck, Austria
- *Correspondence: Erwann Arc and Loïc Rajjou, INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – AgroParisTech), Laboratory of Excellence “Saclay Plant Sciences”, Route de Saint Cyr (RD10) - Bât 2, F-78026 Versailles Cedex, France e-mail: ;
| | - Marc Galland
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – AgroParisTech), Laboratory of Excellence “Saclay Plant Sciences”, VersaillesFrance
- AgroParisTech, UFR de Physiologie végétaleParis, France
| | - Béatrice Godin
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – AgroParisTech), Laboratory of Excellence “Saclay Plant Sciences”, VersaillesFrance
- AgroParisTech, UFR de Physiologie végétaleParis, France
| | - Gwendal Cueff
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – AgroParisTech), Laboratory of Excellence “Saclay Plant Sciences”, VersaillesFrance
- AgroParisTech, UFR de Physiologie végétaleParis, France
| | - Loïc Rajjou
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – AgroParisTech), Laboratory of Excellence “Saclay Plant Sciences”, VersaillesFrance
- AgroParisTech, UFR de Physiologie végétaleParis, France
- *Correspondence: Erwann Arc and Loïc Rajjou, INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – AgroParisTech), Laboratory of Excellence “Saclay Plant Sciences”, Route de Saint Cyr (RD10) - Bât 2, F-78026 Versailles Cedex, France e-mail: ;
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Gupta KJ, Igamberdiev AU. Recommendations of using at least two different methods for measuring NO. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:58. [PMID: 23520440 PMCID: PMC3603275 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kapuganti J. Gupta
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of OxfordOxford, UK
- *Correspondence: ;
| | - Abir U. Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John'sNL, Canada
- *Correspondence: ;
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Rasul S, Wendehenne D, Jeandroz S. Study of oligogalacturonides-triggered nitric oxide (NO) production provokes new questioning about the origin of NO biosynthesis in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:1031-3. [PMID: 22827951 PMCID: PMC3474673 DOI: 10.4161/psb.20658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the production and function of nitric oxide (NO) in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf discs as well as whole plants elicited by oligogalacturonides (OGs). Using genetic, biochemical and pharmacological approaches, we provided evidence that OGs induced a Nitrate Reductase (NR)-dependent NO production together with an increased NR activity and NR transcripts accumulation. In addition, NO production was sensitive to the mammalian NOS inhibitor L-NAME. Intriguingly, L-NAME impaired OG-induced NR activity and did not further affect the remaining OG-induced NO production in the nia1nia2 mutant. These data suggest that the L-arginine and NR pathways, co-involved in NO production, do not work independently. Taking account these new data, we propose scenarios to explain NO production in response to biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Rasul
- AgroSup; UMR 1347 Agroécologie; Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne; UMR1347 Agroécologie; Dijon, France
- ERL CNRS 6300; BP 86510; Dijon, France
| | - David Wendehenne
- Université de Bourgogne; UMR1347 Agroécologie; Dijon, France
- ERL CNRS 6300; BP 86510; Dijon, France
| | - Sylvain Jeandroz
- AgroSup; UMR 1347 Agroécologie; Dijon, France
- ERL CNRS 6300; BP 86510; Dijon, France
- Correspondence to: Sylvain Jeandroz,
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Rasul S, Dubreuil-Maurizi C, Lamotte O, Koen E, Poinssot B, Alcaraz G, Wendehenne D, Jeandroz S. Nitric oxide production mediates oligogalacturonide-triggered immunity and resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:1483-99. [PMID: 22394204 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates a wide range of plant processes from development to environmental adaptation. In this study, we investigated the production and/or function of NO in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf discs and plants elicited by oligogalacturonides (OGs) and challenged with Botrytis cinerea. We provided evidence that OGs triggered a fast and long lasting NO production which was Ca(2+) dependent and involved nitrate reductase (NR). Accordingly, OGs triggered an increase of both NR activity and transcript accumulation. NO production was also sensitive to the mammalian NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME. Intriguingly, we showed that L-NAME affected NO production by interfering with NR activity, thus questioning the mechanisms of how this compound impairs NO synthesis in plants. We further demonstrated that NO modulates RBOHD-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and participates in the regulation of OG-responsive genes such as anionic peroxidase (PER4) and a β-1,3-glucanase. Mutant plants impaired in PER4 and β-1,3-glucanase, as well as Col-0 plants treated with the NO scavenger cPTIO, were more susceptible to B. cinerea. Taken together, our investigation deciphers part of the mechanisms linking NO production, NO-induced effects and basal resistance to B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rasul
- AgroSup, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, Dijon, France
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Lin A, Wang Y, Tang J, Xue P, Li C, Liu L, Hu B, Yang F, Loake GJ, Chu C. Nitric oxide and protein S-nitrosylation are integral to hydrogen peroxide-induced leaf cell death in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 158:451-64. [PMID: 22106097 PMCID: PMC3252116 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.184531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key redox-active, small molecule involved in various aspects of plant growth and development. Here, we report the identification of an NO accumulation mutant, nitric oxide excess1 (noe1), in rice (Oryza sativa), the isolation of the corresponding gene, and the analysis of its role in NO-mediated leaf cell death. Map-based cloning revealed that NOE1 encoded a rice catalase, OsCATC. Furthermore, noe1 resulted in an increase of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in the leaves, which consequently promoted NO production via the activation of nitrate reductase. The removal of excess NO reduced cell death in both leaves and suspension cultures derived from noe1 plants, implicating NO as an important endogenous mediator of H(2)O(2)-induced leaf cell death. Reduction of intracellular S-nitrosothiol (SNO) levels, generated by overexpression of rice S-nitrosoglutathione reductase gene (GSNOR1), which regulates global levels of protein S-nitrosylation, alleviated leaf cell death in noe1 plants. Thus, S-nitrosylation was also involved in light-dependent leaf cell death in noe1. Utilizing the biotin-switch assay, nanoliquid chromatography, and tandem mass spectrometry, S-nitrosylated proteins were identified in both wild-type and noe1 plants. NO targets identified only in noe1 plants included glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and thioredoxin, which have been reported to be involved in S-nitrosylation-regulated cell death in animals. Collectively, our data suggest that both NO and SNOs are important mediators in the process of H(2)O(2)-induced leaf cell death in rice.
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Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Floryszak-Wieczorek J, Gwóźdź EA. The message of nitric oxide in cadmium challenged plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 181:612-20. [PMID: 21893258 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade it has been found that cadmium (Cd), one of the most toxic elements occurring in polluted environments, interferes with nitric oxide (NO), a multifunctional signaling molecule in living organisms. The formation of NO has been demonstrated in vivo in various plant tissues exposed to Cd stress, but unfortunately, the time and intensity of NO generation, relatively frequently shows conflicting data. What is more, there is still limited information regarding the functional role of endogenously produced NO in plants challenged with heavy metals. The first pharmacological approaches revealed that exogenously applied NO can alleviate cadmium toxicity in plants, promoting the direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or activating antioxidant enzymes. However, recent reports have indicated that NO even contributes to Cd toxicity by promoting Cd uptake and participates in metal-induced reduction of root growth. In view of this heterogeneous knowledge, much more puzzling if we consider results first obtained using exogenous NO sources, this review is focused mainly on the implication of endogenous NO in plant response to Cd exposure. Furthermore, a basic draft for NO mode of action during cadmium stress is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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Bechtold U, Rabbani N, Mullineaux PM, Thornalley PJ. Quantitative measurement of specific biomarkers for protein oxidation, nitration and glycation in Arabidopsis leaves. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 59:661-71. [PMID: 19392687 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2009.03898.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants are continually exposed to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during their lives. Together with glucose and reactive dicarbonyls, these can modify proteins spontaneously, leading to protein oxidation, nitration and glycation. These reactions have the potential to damage proteins and have an impact on physiological processes. The levels of protein oxidation, nitration and glycation adducts were assayed, using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, in total leaf extracts over a diurnal cycle and when exposed to conditions that promote oxidative stress. Changes in the levels of oxidation, glycation and nitration adducts were found between the light and dark phases under non-stress conditions. A comparison between wild-type plants and a mutant lacking peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (pmsr2-1) showed increased protein oxidation, nitration and glycation of specific amino acid residues during darkness in pmsr2-1. Short-term excess light exposure, which promoted oxidative stress, led to increased protein glycation, specifically by glyoxal. This suggested that any increased oxidative damage to proteins was within the repair capacity of the plant. The methods developed here provide the means to simultaneously detect a range of protein oxidation, nitration and glycation adducts within a single sample. Thus, these methods identify a range of biomarkers to monitor a number of distinct biochemical processes that have an impact on the proteome and therefore the physiological state of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Bechtold
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
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