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Fatemi SA, Macklin KS, Zhang L, Mousstaaid A, Poudel S, Poudel I, Peebles ED. Improvement in the Immunity- and Vitamin D3-Activity-Related Gene Expression of Coccidiosis-Challenged Ross 708 Broilers in Response to the In Ovo Injection of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2517. [PMID: 36230268 PMCID: PMC9558988 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of the in ovo administration of two vitamin D3 sources (vitamin D3 (D3) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3)) on the expression of D3 activity- and immunity-related genes in broilers subjected to a coccidiosis infection were investigated. At 18 d of incubation (doi), five in ovo injection treatments were administrated to live embryonated Ross 708 broiler hatching eggs: non-injected (1) and diluent-injected (2) controls, or diluent injection containing 2.4 μg of D3 (3) or 2.4 μg of 25OHD3 (4), or their combination (5). Birds in the in ovo-injected treatments were challenged at 14 d of age (doa) with a 20× dosage of a live coccidial vaccine. At 14 and 28 doa, the expression of eight immunity-related genes (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TLR-4, TLR-15, MyD88, TGF-β4, and IFN-γ) and four D3 activity-related genes (1α-hydroxylase, 25-hydroxylase, 24-hydroxylase, and VDR) in the jejunum of one bird in each treatment-replicate group were evaluated. No significant treatment effects were observed for any of the genes before challenge. However, at 2 weeks post-challenge, the expression of 1α-hydroxylase, TGF-β4, and IL-10 increased in birds that received 25OHD3 alone in comparison to all the other in ovo-injected treatment groups. Additionally, the expression of 24-hydroxylase and IL-6 decreased in birds that received 25OHD3 in comparison to those injected with diluent or D3 alone. It was concluded that the in ovo injection of 2.4 μg of 25OHD3 may improve the intestinal immunity as well as the activity of D3 in Ross 708 broilers subjected to a coccidiosis challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Abolghasem Fatemi
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Macklin
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Ayoub Mousstaaid
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Sabin Poudel
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Ishab Poudel
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Edgar David Peebles
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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Fatemi SA, Elliott KEC, Bello A, Peebles ED. Effects of the in ovo injection of vitamin D 3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 in Ross 708 broilers subsequently challenged with coccidiosis. I. performance, meat yield and intestinal lesion incidence 1,2,3. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101382. [PMID: 34403989 PMCID: PMC8368027 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of the in ovo administration of vitamin D3 (D3) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) on broiler intestinal lesion incidence, performance and breast meat yield after a coccidiosis challenge were investigated. On each of 10 incubator tray levels, 10 Ross 708 broiler hatching eggs were randomly assigned to each of the following 5 in ovo injection treatments administrated at 18 d of incubation (doi): 1) noninjected; 2) diluent; diluent containing either 3) 2.4 μg D3 (D3), 4) 2.4 μg 25OHD3 (25OHD3), or 5) 2.4 μg D3 + 2.4 μg 25OHD3 (D3+25OHD3). A 50 μL solution volume was injected into each egg using an Inovoject multi-egg injector. Four male chicks were randomly assigned to each of 80 battery cages in each of 2 rooms. Half of the treatment-replicate cages (8) in each room were challenged with a 20× live coccidial vaccine at 14 d of age (doa). One randomly selected bird from each of 4 treatment-replicate cages was scored for coccidiosis lesions before and 2 wk after challenge. Mean BW, BW gain (BWG), feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were determined for all birds from 0 to 14, 15 to 28, and 29 to 41 doa. Carcass weight, and the absolute and relative (% of carcass weight) weights of carcass parts were determined in 3 birds per treatment-replicate cage at 42 doa. Hatchability of live embryonated injected eggs and hatch residue were not affected by treatment. Across challenge treatment, birds in the 25OHD3 treatment group experienced an increase in BWG between 29 and 41 doa when compared to the D3 or diluent-injected birds. Furthermore, pectoralis major muscle percentage tended (P = 0.059) to increase in birds belonging to the 25OHD3 treatment in comparison to birds in the D3 or diluent-injected treatments. These results indicate that regardless of challenge treatment, 2.4 μg of 25OHD3 may increase the BWG and breast meat yield of birds relative to those that only received an injection of commercial diluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Fatemi
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA.
| | - K E C Elliott
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - A Bello
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - E D Peebles
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
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Fatemi SA, Elliott KEC, Bello A, Zhang H, Alqhtani A, Peebles ED. Effects of the in ovo injection of vitamin D 3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 in Ross 708 broilers subsequently fed commercial or calcium and phosphorus-restricted diets. II. Immunity and small intestine morphology 1,2,3. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101240. [PMID: 34217906 PMCID: PMC8260861 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of the in ovo injection of vitamin D3 (D3) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) on the immunity and small intestine morphology of broilers fed calcium and phosphorus-restricted diets were investigated. At 18 d of incubation (doi), live embryonated Ross 708 broiler hatching eggs were in ovo-injected with a 50 μL solution of one of the following treatments using an Inovoject multiegg injector: 1) diluent (control); diluent containing either 2) 2.4 μg D3; 3) 2.4 μg 25OHD3; or 4) 2.4 μg D3 + 2.4 μg 25OHD3. At hatch, 18 randomly selected male broilers belonging to one of the 4 in ovo injection treatments were placed in each of 12 floor pens and were fed either a commercial diet or a diet restricted by 20% in calcium and available phosphorus (ReCaP) content for the starter, grower and finisher dietary phases. Concentrations of plasma IgG and IgM at 14 d of age (doa) and α-1-acid glycoprotein at 40 doa were determined. Bursa, liver, spleen, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum weights were recorded at 7, 14, and 40 doa and small intestine histology was evaluated at 14 and 40 doa. Blood and organ samples were randomly collected from 1 bird in each of the 6 replicate pens within each of the 8 (4 in ovo x 2 dietary) treatment groups. Plasma IgG levels were higher in 25OHD3 than in diluent or D3 in ovo-injected birds. At 14 doa, a higher jejunal villus length (VL) to crypt depth (CD) ratio (RVC) was observed in birds that were in ovo-injected with 25OHD3 alone as compared to all other in ovo injection treatments. At 40 doa, ileal VL increased and jejunal CD decreased in commercial diet-fed birds compared to ReCaP diet-fed birds. In conclusion, the in ovo injection of 25OHD3 alone increased the immune response and improved the small intestine morphology and subsequent nutrient uptake of Ross 708 broilers. However, a ReCaP diet was observed to be detrimental to their small intestine morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Fatemi
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA.
| | - K E C Elliott
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - A Bello
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - H Zhang
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing China
| | - A Alqhtani
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; Department of Animal Production, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - E D Peebles
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
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Fatemi SA, Alqhtani AH, Elliott KEC, Bello A, Levy AW, Peebles ED. Improvement in the performance and inflammatory reaction of Ross 708 broilers in response to the in ovo injection of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3. Poult Sci 2020; 100:138-146. [PMID: 33357676 PMCID: PMC7772707 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of the in ovo administration of vitamin D3 (D3) and its metabolite, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3), on the performance, breast meat yield, and inflammatory responses of broilers fed commercial diets were investigated. Live embryonated Ross 708 broiler hatching eggs were randomly assigned to one of the following 5 in ovo injection treatments at 18 d of incubation: 1) noninjected; 2) diluent; diluent containing 3) 2.4-μg D3, 4) 2.4-μg 25OHD3, or 5) 2.4-μg D3 + 2.4-μg 25OHD3. A 50-μL solution volume of each prespecified treatment was injected into each egg using an Inovoject multiegg injector. At hatch, 18 male chicks were randomly assigned to each of 30 floor pens. The BW, BW gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of the birds were determined in each dietary phase. At 14, 28, and 39 d of posthatch age (doa), plasma α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) levels in 1 bird in each of 6 replicate pens per treatment were determined at 14 and 39 doa. The pectoralis major and minor weights of those same birds were also determined. The remaining birds were processed at 43 doa, and the weights of their processing parts were determined. At 39 doa, the in ovo injection of 25OHD3 alone decreased plasma AGP concentrations in comparison with the noninjected, diluent, and D3-alone treatment groups. In addition, birds that received 25OHD3 alone had a greater BW at 42 doa than birds in the noninjected, diluent, and D3-alone treatment groups. At 39 and 43 doa, breast meat yield was increased in response to the in ovo injection of 25OHD3 alone in comparison to all other treatments. These results indicate that the in ovo injection of 2.4 μg of 25OHD3 resulted in an improvement in the performance and inflammatory responses of broilers. A reduction in the inflammatory response subsequent to the in ovo injection of 2.4 μg of 25OHD3 may have led to an increase in broiler performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Fatemi
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA
| | - A H Alqhtani
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA
| | - K E C Elliott
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA
| | - A Bello
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - A W Levy
- DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ 07054
| | - E D Peebles
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA.
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Fatemi SA, Elliott KEC, Bello A, Durojaye OA, Zhang H, Peebles ED. Effects of source and level of in ovo-injected vitamin D 3 on the hatchability and serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations of Ross 708 broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3877-3884. [PMID: 32731974 PMCID: PMC7597981 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of the in ovo injection of vitamin D3 (D3) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD3) on broiler embryo serum 25OHD3 concentrations, hatchability, and hatchling somatic characteristics were determined. Eggs from a 35-wk-old commercial Ross 708 broiler breeder flock were set in a single-stage incubator with 11 treatments represented on each of 8 incubator tray levels (blocks). Each treatment group within a flat on each tray level contained 30 eggs. Control treatments were noninjected and diluent injected. Vitamin treatments were commercial diluent containing 0.6 μg D3, 0.6 μg 25OHD3, 0.6 μg D3 + 0.6 μg 25OHD3, 1.2 μg D3, 1.2 μg 25OHD3, 1.2 μg D3 + 1.2 μg 25OHD3, 2.4 μg D3, 2.4 μg 25OHD3, or 2.4 μg D3 + 2.4 μg 25OHD3. At 432 h of incubation (hoi), 50-μL solution volumes were injected. Blood samples were collected at 462 hoi for serum 25OHD3 analysis, and hatchability of injected live embryonated eggs (HI) was determined at 492 and 516 hoi. At 516 hoi, hatchling yolk-free BW and weights of the liver and yolk sac were determined. Percentage of yolk moisture and dry mater was calculated. At 492 and 516 hoi, HI did not differ between treatments. Embryos that received 1.2 μg or more of either vitamin D3 source alone or in combination had higher serum 25OHD3 concentrations than those that were injected with diluent alone or diluent containing 0.6 μg of D3. Hatchlings that received 1.2 or 2.4 μg of 25OHD3 had higher percentage of yolk dry matter or lower percentage of yolk moisture levels than noninjected controls and those that received D3 alone at any level. These results indicate that the in ovo injection of either vitamin D3 source at levels equal to or higher than 1.2 μg resulted in serum 25OHD3 concentrations that were higher than that of noninjected controls. In addition, the in ovo injection of 1.2 μg or higher of either vitamin D3 source did not negatively affect broiler HI or chick quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Fatemi
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University 39762, USA
| | - K E C Elliott
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University 39762, USA
| | - A Bello
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - O A Durojaye
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University 39762, USA
| | - H Zhang
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - E D Peebles
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University 39762, USA.
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