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Marquez-Acevedo AS, Hood WR, Collier RJ, Skibiel AL. Graduate Student Literature Review: Mitochondrial response to heat stress and its implications on dairy cattle bioenergetics, metabolism, and production. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:7295-7309. [PMID: 37210354 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The dairy industry depends upon the cow's successful lactation for economic profitability. Heat stress compromises the economic sustainability of the dairy industry by reducing milk production and increasing the risk of metabolic and pathogenic disease. Heat stress alters metabolic adaptations, such as nutrient mobilization and partitioning, that support the energetic demands of lactation. Metabolically inflexible cows are unable to enlist the necessary homeorhetic shifts that provide the needed nutrients and energy for milk synthesis, thereby impairing lactation performance. Mitochondria provide the energetic foundation that enable a myriad of metabolically demanding processes, such as lactation. Changes in an animal's energy requirements are met at the cellular level through alterations in mitochondrial density and bioenergetic capacity. Mitochondria also act as central stress modulators and coordinate tissues' energetic responses to stress by integrating endocrine signals, through mito-nuclear communication, into the cellular stress response. In vitro heat insults affect mitochondria through a compromise in mitochondrial integrity, which is linked to a decrease in mitochondrial function. However, limited evidence exists linking the in vivo metabolic effects of heat stress with parameters of mitochondrial behavior and function in lactating animals. This review summarizes the literature describing the cellular and subcellular effects of heat stress, with a focus on the effect of heat stress on mitochondrial bioenergetics and cellular dysfunction in livestock. Implications for lactation performance and metabolic health are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Marquez-Acevedo
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844.
| | - W R Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - R J Collier
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
| | - A L Skibiel
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
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2
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Csoboz B, Gombos I, Kóta Z, Dukic B, Klement É, Varga-Zsíros V, Lipinszki Z, Páli T, Vígh L, Török Z. The Small Heat Shock Protein, HSPB1, Interacts with and Modulates the Physical Structure of Membranes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137317. [PMID: 35806322 PMCID: PMC9266964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) have been demonstrated to interact with lipids and modulate the physical state of membranes across species. Through these interactions, sHSPs contribute to the maintenance of membrane integrity. HSPB1 is a major sHSP in mammals, but its lipid interaction profile has so far been unexplored. In this study, we characterized the interaction between HSPB1 and phospholipids. HSPB1 not only associated with membranes via membrane-forming lipids, but also showed a strong affinity towards highly fluid membranes. It participated in the modulation of the physical properties of the interacting membranes by altering rotational and lateral lipid mobility. In addition, the in vivo expression of HSPB1 greatly affected the phase behavior of the plasma membrane under membrane fluidizing stress conditions. In light of our current findings, we propose a new function for HSPB1 as a membrane chaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balint Csoboz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.C.); (I.G.); (B.D.); (É.K.); (V.V.-Z.); (Z.L.); (L.V.)
- Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, 9008 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Imre Gombos
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.C.); (I.G.); (B.D.); (É.K.); (V.V.-Z.); (Z.L.); (L.V.)
| | - Zoltán Kóta
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.K.); (T.P.)
- Single Cell Omics Advanced Core Facility, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Barbara Dukic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.C.); (I.G.); (B.D.); (É.K.); (V.V.-Z.); (Z.L.); (L.V.)
| | - Éva Klement
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.C.); (I.G.); (B.D.); (É.K.); (V.V.-Z.); (Z.L.); (L.V.)
- Single Cell Omics Advanced Core Facility, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Vanda Varga-Zsíros
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.C.); (I.G.); (B.D.); (É.K.); (V.V.-Z.); (Z.L.); (L.V.)
| | - Zoltán Lipinszki
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.C.); (I.G.); (B.D.); (É.K.); (V.V.-Z.); (Z.L.); (L.V.)
| | - Tibor Páli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.K.); (T.P.)
| | - László Vígh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.C.); (I.G.); (B.D.); (É.K.); (V.V.-Z.); (Z.L.); (L.V.)
| | - Zsolt Török
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.C.); (I.G.); (B.D.); (É.K.); (V.V.-Z.); (Z.L.); (L.V.)
- Correspondence:
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3
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Ashbrook AR, Feder JL, Scharf ME, Bennett GW, Gondhalekar AD. Characterization of heat exposure-associated escape behaviors and HSP gene expression in bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:205-216. [PMID: 34468070 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat can be effective for bed bug elimination. However, in some cases bed bugs survive heat treatments. The objectives of this study were to determine the behavioral responses of bed bugs to rising harborage temperatures (23.0-49.0 °C) and identify which heat shock protein (HSP) genes are expressed after heat exposure. First, a custom-made copper arena and harborage were used to determine the escape behaviors of six bed bug populations. Next, HSP gene expression responses of select populations were determined after heat exposure using real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Analysis of the 25 min behavioral experiment data found that harborage top temperatures associated with 25%, 50% and 75% probabilities of bed bugs to flee the harborage did not differ significantly between populations. Also, the percentage of insects that escaped from heated areas and survived (4.0-12.0%) was not different between populations. However, when specific temperatures at which successful escapes occurred were statistically compared, the Poultry House population was found to flee the harborage at statistically higher temperatures (43.6 ± 0.5 °C) than others (40.5 ± 0.6-42.0 ± 0.7 °C). The RT-qPCR experiments revealed that the HSP70.1, HSP70.3, and Putative Small HSP genes were significantly up-regulated 15 min, 2, and 4 h post-heat exposure and decreased back to baseline levels by 24 h. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that when harborage top temperatures approach 40.0-43.0 °C, bed bugs will disperse in search for cooler areas. This work implicates the HSP70.1, HSP70.3, and Putative Small HSP genes in heat induced stress recovery of bed bugs. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Ashbrook
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Feder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Michael E Scharf
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Gary W Bennett
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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4
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Small Heat Shock Proteins, a Key Player in Grass Plant Thermotolerance. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS AND PLANTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46340-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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5
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Kayser J, Haslbeck M, Dempfle L, Krause M, Grashoff C, Buchner J, Herrmann H, Bausch AR. The small heat shock protein Hsp27 affects assembly dynamics and structure of keratin intermediate filament networks. Biophys J 2014; 105:1778-85. [PMID: 24138853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of living cells are essential for many processes. They are defined by the cytoskeleton, a composite network of protein fibers. Thus, the precise control of its architecture is of paramount importance. Our knowledge about the molecular and physical mechanisms defining the network structure remains scarce, especially for the intermediate filament cytoskeleton. Here, we investigate the effect of small heat shock proteins on the keratin 8/18 intermediate filament cytoskeleton using a well-controlled model system of reconstituted keratin networks. We demonstrate that Hsp27 severely alters the structure of such networks by changing their assembly dynamics. Furthermore, the C-terminal tail domain of keratin 8 is shown to be essential for this effect. Combining results from fluorescence and electron microscopy with data from analytical ultracentrifugation reveals the crucial role of kinetic trapping in keratin network formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jona Kayser
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiophysik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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Khan S, Rammeloo AW, Heikkila JJ. Withaferin A induces proteasome inhibition, endoplasmic reticulum stress, the heat shock response and acquisition of thermotolerance. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50547. [PMID: 23226310 PMCID: PMC3511540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, withaferin A (WA), a steroidal lactone with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties, inhibited proteasome activity and induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cytoplasmic HSP accumulation in Xenopus laevis A6 kidney epithelial cells. Proteasomal inhibition by WA was indicated by an accumulation of ubiquitinated protein and a decrease in chymotrypsin-like activity. Additionally, immunoblot analysis revealed that treatment of cells with WA induced the accumulation of HSPs including ER chaperones, BiP and GRP94, as well as cytoplasmic/nuclear HSPs, HSP70 and HSP30. Furthermore, WA-induced an increase in the relative levels of the protein kinase, Akt, while the levels of actin were unchanged compared to control. Northern blot experiments determined that WA induced an accumulation in bip, hsp70 and hsp30 mRNA but not eIF-1α mRNA. Interestingly, WA acted synergistically with mild heat shock to enhance HSP70 and HSP30 accumulation to a greater extent than the sum of both stressors individually. This latter phenomenon was not observed with BiP or GRP94. Immunocytochemical analysis indicated that WA-induced BiP accumulation occurred mainly in the perinuclear region in a punctate pattern, while HSP30 accumulation occurred primarily in a granular pattern in the cytoplasm with some staining in the nucleus. Prolonged exposure to WA resulted in disorganization of the F-actin cytoskeleton as well as the production of relatively large HSP30 staining structures that co-localized with F-actin. Finally, prior exposure of cells to WA treatment, which induced the accumulation of HSPs conferred a state of thermal protection since it protected the F-actin cytoskeleton against a subsequent cytotoxic thermal challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Khan
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley W. Rammeloo
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - John J. Heikkila
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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7
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Abe T, Oka T, Nakagome A, Tsukada Y, Yasunaga T, Yohda M. StHsp14.0, a small heat shock protein of Sulfolobus tokodaii strain 7, protects denatured proteins from aggregation in the partially dissociated conformation. J Biochem 2011; 150:403-9. [PMID: 21659385 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvr074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The small heat shock protein (sHsp), categorized into a class of molecular chaperones, binds and stabilizes denatured proteins for the purpose of preventing aggregation. The sHsps undergo transition between different oligomeric states to control their nature. We have been studying the function of sHsp of Sulfolobus tokodaii, StHsp14.0. StHsp14.0 exists as 24meric oligomer, and exhibits oligomer dissociation and molecular chaperone activity over 80°C. We constructed and characterized StHsp14.0 mutants with replacement of the C-terminal IKI to WKW, IKF, FKI and FKF. All mutant complexes dissociated into dimers at 50°C. Among them, StHsp14.0FKF is almost completely dissociated, probably to dimers. All mutants protected citrate synthase (CS) from thermal aggregation at 50°C. But, the activity of StHsp14.0FKF was the lowest. Then, we examined the complexes of StHsp14.0 mutants with denatured CS by SAXS. StHsp14.0WKW protects denatured CS by forming the globular complexes of 24 subunits and a substrate. StHsp14.0FKF also formed similar complex but the number of subunits in the complex is a little smaller. These results suggest that the dimer itself exhibits low chaperone activity, and a partially dissociated oligomer of StHsp14.0 protects a denatured protein from interacting with other molecules by surrounding it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Abe
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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8
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Heikkila JJ. Heat shock protein gene expression and function in amphibian model systems. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2010; 156:19-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Young JTF, Heikkila JJ. Proteasome inhibition induces hsp30 and hsp70 gene expression as well as the acquisition of thermotolerance in Xenopus laevis A6 cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2010; 15:323-34. [PMID: 19838833 PMCID: PMC2866991 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-009-0147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that inhibiting the activity of the proteasome leads to the accumulation of damaged or unfolded proteins within the cell. In this study, we report that proteasome inhibitors, lactacystin and carbobenzoxy-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal (MG132), induced the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins as well as a dose- and time-dependent increase in the relative levels of heat shock protein (HSP)30 and HSP70 and their respective mRNAs in Xenopus laevis A6 kidney epithelial cells. In A6 cells recovering from MG132 exposure, HSP30 and HSP70 levels were still elevated after 24 h but decreased substantially after 48 h. The activation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) may be involved in MG132-induced hsp gene expression in A6 cells since KNK437, a HSF1 inhibitor, repressed the accumulation of HSP30 and HSP70. Exposing A6 cells to simultaneous MG132 and mild heat shock enhanced the accumulation of HSP30 and HSP70 to a much greater extent than with each stressor alone. Immunocytochemical studies determined that HSP30 was localized primarily in the cytoplasm of lactacystin- or MG132-treated cells. In some cells treated with higher concentrations of MG132 or lactacystin, we observed in the cortical cytoplasm (1) relatively large HSP30 staining structures, (2) colocalization of actin and HSP30, and (3) cytoplasmic areas that were devoid of HSP30. Lastly, MG132 treatment of A6 cells conferred a state of thermotolerance such that they were able to survive a subsequent thermal challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T. F. Young
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Canada N2L 3G1
| | - John J. Heikkila
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Canada N2L 3G1
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10
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ABE T, ITO S, NISHI N, TSUKADA Y, YASUNAGA T, ARAKAKI A, MATSUNAGA T, YOHDA M. Structure and Function of Small Heat Shock Proteins from the Magnetotactic Bacterium Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2010. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.67.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Simultaneous exposure of Xenopus A6 kidney epithelial cells to concurrent mild sodium arsenite and heat stress results in enhanced hsp30 and hsp70 gene expression and the acquisition of thermotolerance. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009; 153:417-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Sugino C, Hirose M, Tohda H, Yoshinari Y, Abe T, Giga-Hama Y, Iizuka R, Shimizu M, Kidokoro SI, Ishii N, Yohda M. Characterization of a sHsp ofSchizosaccharomyces pombe, SpHsp15.8, and the implication of its functional mechanism by comparison with another sHsp, SpHsp16.0. Proteins 2009; 74:6-17. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.22132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Tao KS, Wang W, Wang L, Cao DY, Li YQ, Wu SX, Dou KF. The multifaceted mechanisms for coffee’s anti-tumorigenic effect on liver. Med Hypotheses 2008; 71:730-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Saji H, Iizuka R, Yoshida T, Abe T, Kidokoro SI, Ishii N, Yohda M. Role of the IXI/V motif in oligomer assembly and function of StHsp14.0, a small heat shock protein from the acidothermophilic archaeon, Sulfolobus tokodaii strain 7. Proteins 2008; 71:771-82. [PMID: 17979194 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are one of the most ubiquitous molecular chaperones. They are grouped together based on a conserved domain, the alpha-crystallin domain. Generally, sHsps exist as oligomers of 9-40 subunits, and the oligomers undergo reversible temperature-dependent dissociation into smaller species as dimers, which interact with denaturing substrate proteins. Previous studies have shown that the C-terminal region, especially the consensus IXI/V motif, is responsible for oligomer assembly. In this study, we examined deletions or mutations in the C-terminal region on the oligomer assembly and function of StHsp14.0, an sHsp from an acidothermophilic archaeon, Sulfolobus tokodaii strain 7. Mutated StHsp14.0 with C-terminal deletion or replacement of IIe residues in the IXI/V motif to Ala, Ser, or Phe residues could not form large oligomers and lost chaperone activity. StHsp14.0WKW, whose Ile residues in the IXI/V motif are changed to Trp, existed as an oligomer like that of the wild type. However, it dissociates to small oligomers and exhibits chaperone activity at relatively lowered temperature. Replacement of two Ile residues in the motif to relatively small residues, Ala or Ser, also resulted in the change of beta-sheet rich secondary structure and decrease of hydrophobicity. Interestingly, StHsp14.0 mutant with amino acid replacements to Phe kept almost the same secondary structure and relatively high hydrophobicity despite that it could not form an oligomeric structure. The results show that hydrophobicity and size of the amino acids in the IXI/V motif in the C-terminal region are responsible not only for assembly of the oligomer but also for the maintenance of beta-sheet rich secondary structure and hydrophobicity, which are important for the function of sHsp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Saji
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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15
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Ahrman E, Gustavsson N, Hultschig C, Boelens WC, Emanuelsson CS. Small heat shock proteins prevent aggregation of citrate synthase and bind to the N-terminal region which is absent in thermostable forms of citrate synthase. Extremophiles 2007; 11:659-66. [PMID: 17486291 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-007-0080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Citrate synthase (CS) is often used in chaperone assays since this thermosensitive enzyme aggregates at moderately increased temperatures. Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are molecular chaperones specialized in preventing the aggregation of other proteins, termed substrate proteins, under conditions of transient heat stress. To investigate the mechanism whereby sHsps bind to and stabilize a substrate protein, we here used peptide array screening covering the sequence of porcine CS (P00889). Strong binding of sHsps was detected to a peptide corresponding to the most N-terminal alpha-helix in CS (amino acids Leu(13) to Gln(27)). The N-terminal alpha-helices in the CS dimer intertwine with the C-terminus in the other subunit and together form a stem-like structure which is protruding from the CS dimer. This stem-like structure is absent in thermostable forms of CS from thermophilic archaebacteria like Pyrococcus furiosus and Sulfolobus solfatacarium. These data therefore suggest that thermostabilization of thermosensitive CS by sHsps is achieved by stabilization of the C- and N-terminae in the protruding thermosensitive softspot, which is absent in thermostable forms of the CS dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ahrman
- Department of Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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16
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Fu X, Chang Z. Identification of bis-ANS binding sites in Mycobacterium tuberculosis small heat shock protein Hsp16.3: Evidences for a two-step substrate-binding mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 349:167-71. [PMID: 16930542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), as one important subclass of molecular chaperones, are able to specifically bind to denatured substrate proteins rather than to native proteins, of which their substrate-binding sites are far from clear. Our previous study showed an overlapping nature of the sites for both hydrophobic probe 1,1'-Bi(4-anilino)naphthalene-5,5'-disulfonic acid (bis-ANS) binding and substrate binding in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hsp16.3 [X. Fu, H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Cao, W. Jiao, C. Liu, Y. Song, A. Abulimiti, Z. Chang, A dual role for the N-terminal region of M. tuberculosis Hsp16.3 in self-oligomerization and binding denaturing substrate proteins, J. Biol. Chem. 280 (2005) 6337-6348]. In this work, two bis-ANS binding sites in Hsp16.3 were identified by a combined use of reverse phase HPLC, mass spectroscopy and N-terminal protein sequencing. One site is in the N-terminal region and the other one in the N-terminus of alpha-crystallin domain, both of which are similar to those identified so far in sHSPs. However, accumulating data suggest that these two sites differentially function in binding substrate proteins. With regard to this difference, we proposed a two-step mechanism by which Hsp16.3 binds substrate proteins, i.e., substrate proteins are recognized and initially captured by the N-terminal region that is exposed in the dissociated Hsp16.3 oligomers, and then the captured substrate proteins are further stabilized in the complex by the subsequent binding of the N-terminus of alpha-crystallin domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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17
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Hirose M, Tohda H, Giga-Hama Y, Tsushima R, Zako T, Iizuka R, Pack C, Kinjo M, Ishii N, Yohda M. Interaction of a Small Heat Shock Protein of the Fission Yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, with a Denatured Protein at Elevated Temperature. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:32586-93. [PMID: 16055437 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m504121200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have expressed, purified, and characterized one small heat shock protein of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, SpHsp16.0. SpHsp16.0 was able to protect citrate synthase from thermal aggregation at 45 degrees C with high efficiency. It existed as a hexadecameric globular oligomer near the physiological growth temperature. At elevated temperatures, the oligomer dissociated into small species, probably dimers. The dissociation was completely reversible, and the original oligomer reformed immediately after the temperature dropped. Large complexes of SpHsp16.0 and denatured citrate synthase were observed by size exclusion chromatography and electron microscopy following incubation at 45 degrees C and then cooling. However, such large complexes did not elute from the size exclusion column incubated at 45 degrees C. The denatured citrate synthase protected from aggregation was trapped by a GroEL trap mutant at 45 degrees C. These results suggest that the complex of SpHsp16.0 and denatured citrate synthase at elevated temperatures is in the transient state and has a hydrophobic nature. Analyses of the interaction between SpHsp16.0 and denatured citrate synthase by fluorescence cross-correlation spectrometry have also shown that the characteristics of SpHsp16.0-denatured citrate synthase complex at the elevated temperature are different from those of the large complex obtained after the shift to lowered temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Hirose
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588
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18
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Chen X, Fu X, Ma Y, Chang Z. Chaperone-Like Activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hsp16.3 Does Not Require Its Intact (Native) Structures. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2005; 70:913-9. [PMID: 16212548 DOI: 10.1007/s10541-005-0202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) were found to exhibit efficient chaperone-like activities under stress conditions although their native structures are severely disturbed. Here, using an alternative approach (site-directed mutagenesis), we obtained two structurally and functionally distinct Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hsp16.3 single-site mutant proteins. The G59W mutant protein (with Gly59 substituted by Trp) is capable of exhibiting efficient chaperone-like activity even under non-stress conditions although its secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures are very different from that of the wild type protein. By contrast, the G59A mutant protein (with Gly59 substituted by Ala) resembles with the wild type protein in structure and function. These observations suggest that the Gly59 of the Hsp16.3 protein is critical for its folding and assembly. In particular, we propose that the exhibition of chaperone-like activity for Hsp16.3 does not require its intact (native) structures but requires the disturbance of its native structures (i.e., the native structure-disturbed Hsp16.3 retains its chaperone-like activity or even becomes more active). In addition, the behavior of such an active mutant protein (G59W) also strongly supports our previous suggestion that Hsp16.3 exhibits chaperone-like activity via oligomeric dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyou Chen
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
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19
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Zhang H, Fu X, Jiao W, Zhang X, Liu C, Chang Z. The association of small heat shock protein Hsp16.3 with the plasma membrane of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Dissociation of oligomers is a prerequisite. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 330:1055-61. [PMID: 15823550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hsp16.3, a small heat shock protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), was originally identified as an immuno-dominant antigen and later found to be a major membrane protein. In vitro studies show that Hsp16.3 exists as nonamers and undergoes dynamic dissociation/re-association equilibrium in solutions. Nevertheless, neither the details nor the physiological implications of the presence of Hsp16.3 in the plasma membrane have been studied. In this study, we demonstrated that the purified Hsp16.3 proteins were able to interact with the MTB plasma membrane in a specific and reversible manner, suggesting that there might be subunit exchange between membrane-bound Hsp16.3 and soluble Hsp16.3 oligomers. The dissociation of Hsp16.3 oligomers appears to be a prerequisite for its membrane binding, which is interesting in view that the dissociation of small heat shock protein oligomers was also found to be necessary for it to bind denaturing substrate proteins. Furthermore, the oligomeric structure of Hsp16.3 seems to be more dynamic and flexible when incubating with the mycobacterium lipids. The physiological implications of these observations for Hsp16.3, and small heat shock proteins in general, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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20
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Jiao W, Qian M, Li P, Zhao L, Chang Z. The essential role of the flexible termini in the temperature-responsiveness of the oligomeric state and chaperone-like activity for the polydisperse small heat shock protein IbpB from Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol 2005; 347:871-84. [PMID: 15769476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2004] [Revised: 12/30/2004] [Accepted: 01/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) represent an abundant and ubiquitous family of molecular chaperones that are believed to prevent irreversible aggregation of other cellular proteins under stress conditions. One of the most prominent features of sHSPs is that they exist as homo-oligomers. Examples of both monodisperse and polydisperse oligomers are found within this family. The small heat shock inclusion-body binding protein B (IbpB) of Escherichia coli, originally discovered as a component of inclusion bodies, exhibits a pronounced polydispersity in its oligomeric state. This research was performed to elucidate the temperature effect on the oligomeric state and chaperone-like activity of the polydisperse IbpB oligomers, as well as the structural basis for such a temperature effect. The data presented here demonstrate that the large oligomers of IbpB progressively dissociate into smaller ones at increasing heat-shock temperatures, accompanied by a notable enhancement of chaperone-like activities. The secondary structure, enriched mainly by beta-strands, is slightly changed with such temperature increases. The dimeric building blocks, which seem to be highly stable, act as the functional unit of IbpB. Limited proteolysis was used to identify the susceptible sites in IbpB that may compose the subunit interfaces, which indicated that the 11 residues at both the N and the C terminus are highly flexible and the removal of each will lead to the formation of dimers, as well as the disappearance of chaperone-like activities. Truncation of 11 residues from either end, using recombinant DNA technology, also led to the formation of dimeric mutant IbpB proteins lacking chaperone-like activities. Taken together, the flexible termini appear to be essential for small heat shock protein IbpB to generate various temperature-responsive oligomers, which exhibit various levels of chaperone-like activities, by interlinking or separating the dimer building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Jiao
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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21
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Fu X, Zhang H, Zhang X, Cao Y, Jiao W, Liu C, Song Y, Abulimiti A, Chang Z. A dual role for the N-terminal region of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hsp16.3 in self-oligomerization and binding denaturing substrate proteins. J Biol Chem 2004; 280:6337-48. [PMID: 15545279 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m406319200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-terminal regions, which are highly variable in small heat-shock proteins, were found to be structurally disordered in all the 24 subunits of Methanococcus jannaschii Hsp16.5 oligomer and half of the 12 subunits of wheat Hsp16.9 oligomer. The structural and functional roles of the corresponding region (potentially disordered) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hsp16.3, existing as nonamers, were investigated in this work. The data demonstrate that the mutant Hsp16.3 protein with 35 N-terminal residues removed (DeltaN35) existed as trimers/dimers rather than as nonamers, failing to bind the hydrophobic probe (1,1'-bi(4-anilino)naphthalene-5,5'-disulfonic acid) and exhibiting no chaperone-like activity. Nevertheless, another mutant protein with the C-terminal extension (of nine residues) removed, although existing predominantly as dimers, exhibited efficient chaperone-like activity even at room temperatures, indicating that pre-existence as nonamers is not a prerequisite for its chaperone-like activity. Meanwhile, the mutant protein with both the N- and C-terminal ends removed fully exists as a dimer lacking any chaperone-like activity. Furthermore, the N-terminal region alone, either as a synthesized peptide or in fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase, was capable of interacting with denaturing proteins. These observations strongly suggest that the N-terminal region of Hsp16.3 is not only involved in self-oligomerization but also contains the critical site for substrate binding. Such a dual role for the N-terminal region would provide an effective mechanism for the small heat-shock protein to modulate its chaperone-like activity through oligomeric dissociation/reassociation. In addition, this study demonstrated that the wild-type protein was able to form heterononamers with DeltaN35 via subunit exchange at a subunit ratio of 2:1. This implies that the 35 N-terminal residues in three of the nine subunits in the wild-type nonamer are not needed for the assembly of nonamers from trimers and are thus probably structurally disordered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, and College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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22
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Fu X, Chang Z. Temperature-dependent subunit exchange and chaperone-like activities of Hsp16.3, a small heat shock protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 316:291-9. [PMID: 15020216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) usually exist as oligomers that undergo dynamic oligomeric dissociation/re-association, with the dissociated oligomers as active forms to bind substrate proteins under heat shock conditions. In this study, however, we found that Hsp16.3, one sHsp from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is able to sensitively modulate its chaperone-like activity in a range of physiological temperatures (from 25 to 37.5 degrees C) while its native oligomeric size is still maintained. Further analysis demonstrated that Hsp16.3 exposes higher hydrophobic surfaces upon temperatures increasing and that a large soluble complex between Hsp16.3 and substrate is formed only in the condition of heating temperature up to 35 and 37.5 degrees C. Structural analysis by fluorescence anisotropy showed that Hsp16.3 nonameric structure becomes more dynamic and variable at elevated temperatures. Moreover, subunit exchange between Hsp16.3 oligomers was found to occur faster upon temperatures increasing as revealed by fluorescence energy resonance transfer. These observations indicate that Hsp16.3 is able to modulate its chaperone activity by adjusting the dynamics of oligomeric dissociation/re-association process while maintaining its static oligomeric size unchangeable. A kinetic model is therefore proposed to explain the mechanism of sHsps-binding substrate proteins through oligomeric dissociation. The present study also implied that Hsp16.3 is at least capable of binding non-native proteins in vivo while expressing in the host organism that survives at 37 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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23
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Bukach OV, Seit-Nebi AS, Marston SB, Gusev NB. Some properties of human small heat shock protein Hsp20 (HspB6). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 271:291-302. [PMID: 14717697 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03928.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human heat shock protein of apparent molecular mass 20 kDa (Hsp20) and its mutant, S16D, mimicking phosphorylation by cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases, were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The proteins were obtained in a homogeneous state without utilization of urea or detergents. On size exclusion chromatography at neutral pH, Hsp20 and its S16D mutant were eluted as symmetrical peaks with an apparent molecular mass of 55-60 kDa. Chemical crosslinking resulted in the formation of dimers with an apparent molecular mass of 42 kDa. At pH 6.0, Hsp20 and its S16D mutant dissociated, and were eluted in the form of two peaks with apparent molecular mass values of 45-50 and 28-30 kDa. At pH 7.0-7.5, the chaperone activity of Hsp20 (measured by its ability to prevent the reduction-induced aggregation of insulin or heat-induced aggregation of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase) was similar to or higher than that of commercial alpha-crystallin. Under these conditions, the S16D mutant of Hsp20 possessed lower chaperone activity than the wild-type protein. At pH 6.0, both alpha-crystallin and Hsp20 interacted with denatured alcohol dehydrogenase; however, alpha-crystallin prevented, whereas Hsp20 either did not affect or promoted, the heat-induced aggregation of alcohol dehydrogenase. The mixing of wild-type human Hsp27 and Hsp20 resulted in a slow, temperature-dependent formation of hetero-oligomeric complexes, with apparent molecular mass values of 100 and 300 kDa, which contained approximately equal amounts of Hsp27 and Hsp20 subunits. Phosphorylation of Hsp27 by mitogen activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 was mimicked by replacing Ser15, 78 and 82 with Asp. A 3D mutant of Hsp27 mixed with Hsp20 rapidly formed a hetero-oligomeric complex with an apparent molecular mass of 100 kDa, containing approximately equal quantities of two small heat shock proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya V Bukach
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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24
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Fu X, Liu C, Liu Y, Feng X, Gu L, Chen X, Chang Z. Small heat shock protein Hsp16.3 modulates its chaperone activity by adjusting the rate of oligomeric dissociation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 310:412-20. [PMID: 14521926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins usually exist as oligomers and appear to undergo dynamic dissociation/reassociation, with oligomeric dissociation being a prerequisite for their chaperone activities. However, contradictory cases were also reported that chaperone activities could be enhanced with no change or even increase in oligomeric sizes. Using Hsp16.3 as a model system, our studies show the following: (1) Although a preheat (over 60 degrees C) treatment or the presence of low concentrations of urea (around 0.8M) hardly caused any change in the oligomeric size of Hsp16.3 proteins when examined by size exclusion chromatography, its chaperone activities were increased significantly. (2) Further analysis using the unique pore-gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a dramatic increase in the tendency of oligomeric dissociation for both the preheated and urea-containing Hsp16.3. (3) Meanwhile, for both cases, an apparent increase in the rate constants of oligomeric dissociation was also observed, as determined by utilizing conjugated fluorescence probes whose quantum yield increases accompanying oligomeric dissociation. (4) Moreover, the fluorescence anisotropy analysis also demonstrated that the oligomeric structures for the preheated or urea-containing Hsp16.3 proteins seem to be more dynamic and variable. In light of these observations, we propose that the small heat shock proteins like Hsp16.3 can modulate their chaperone activities by adjusting the rate of oligomeric dissociation in responding to environmental changes. Results obtained here also suggest that small heat shock proteins might be able to "remember" their stress experiences via certain structural alterations which will allow them to act as better chaperones when the stress conditions reappear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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Fu X, Li W, Mao Q, Chang Z. Disulfide bonds convert small heat shock protein Hsp16.3 from a chaperone to a non-chaperone: implications for the evolution of cysteine in molecular chaperones. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 308:627-35. [PMID: 12914797 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)01450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones mainly function in assisting newly synthesized polypeptide folding and protect non-native proteins from aggregation, with known structural features such as the ability of spontaneous folding/refolding and high conformational flexibility. In this report, we verified the assumption that the lack of disulfide bonds in molecular chaperones is a prerequisite for such unique structural features. Using small heat shock protein (one sub-class of chaperones) Hsp16.3 as a model system, our results show the following: (1) Cysteine-free Hsp16.3 wild type protein can efficiently exhibit chaperone activity and spontaneously refold/reassemble with high conformational flexibility. (2) Whereas Hsp16.3 G89C mutant with inter-subunit disulfide bonds formed seems to lose the nature of chaperone proteins, i.e., under stress conditions, it neither acts as molecular chaperone nor spontaneously refolds/reassembles. Structural analysis indicated that the mutant exists as an unstable molten globule-like state, which incorrectly exposes hydrophobic surfaces and irreversibly tends to form aggregates that can be suppressed by the other molecular chaperone (alpha-crystallin). By contrast, reduction of disulfide bond in the Hsp16.3 G89C mutant can significantly recover its character as a molecular chaperone. In light of these results, we propose that disulfide bonds could severely disturb the structure/function of molecular chaperones like Hsp16.3. Our results might not only provide insights into understanding the structural basis of chaperone upon binding substrates, but also explain the observation that the occurrence of cysteine in molecular chaperones is much lower than that in other protein families, subsequently being helpful to understand the evolution of protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Fu
- Protein Science Laboratory of MOE, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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26
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Stromer T, Ehrnsperger M, Gaestel M, Buchner J. Analysis of the interaction of small heat shock proteins with unfolding proteins. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:18015-21. [PMID: 12637495 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m301640200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are efficient molecular chaperones that interact with nonnative proteins, prevent their aggregation, and support subsequent refolding. No obvious substrate specificity has been detected so far. A striking feature of sHsps is that they form large complexes with nonnative proteins. Here, we used several well established model chaperone substrates, including citrate synthase, alpha-glucosidase, rhodanese, and insulin, and analyzed their interaction with murine Hsp25 and yeast Hsp26 upon thermal unfolding. The two sHsps differ in their modes of activation. In contrast to Hsp25, Hsp26 undergoes a temperature-dependent dissociation that is required for efficient substrate binding. Our analysis shows that Hsp25 and Hsp26 reacted in a similar manner with the nonnative proteins. For all substrates investigated, complexes of defined size and shape were formed. Interestingly, several different nonnative proteins could be incorporated into defined sHsp-substrate complexes. The first substrate protein bound seems to determine the complex morphology. Thus, despite the differences in quaternary structure and mode of activation, the formation of large uniform sHsp-substrate complexes seems to be a general feature of sHsps, and this unique chaperone mechanism is conserved from yeast to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thusnelda Stromer
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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27
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Arrigo AP, Ducasse C. Expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Hsp27 during both the keratinocyte differentiation and dedifferentiation of HaCat cells: expression linked to changes in intracellular protein organization? Exp Gerontol 2002; 37:1247-55. [PMID: 12470838 DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5565(02)00131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We show here that Hsp27 increases its level of expression during the late phase of the keratinocyte differentiation of human HaCat cells. A similar phenomenon was observed when differentiated HaCat cells underwent a dedifferentiation process. In both cases, Hsp27 accumulated in the form of large native structures, which represent the chaperone active form of the protein. Hence, the presence of Hsp27 large oligomers does not appear to be the consequence of a particular differentiation process but should be considered as a marker of endogenous stress conditions. Such conditions may arise when drastic changes in the intracellular protein organization occur, such as during differentiation, dedifferentiation and probably also during the development of the senescent phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- André-Patrick Arrigo
- Equipe Stress Oxydant, Chaperons et Apoptose, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR-5534, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-I, Bd. du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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28
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Arrigo AP, Paul C, Ducasse C, Sauvageot O, Kretz-Remy C. Small stress proteins: modulation of intracellular redox state and protection against oxidative stress. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2002; 28:171-84. [PMID: 11908058 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-56348-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- André-Patrick Arrigo
- Laboratoire Stress Oxydant, Chaperons et Apoptose, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR-5534, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-I, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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29
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Haslbeck M, Buchner J. Chaperone function of sHsps. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2002; 28:37-59. [PMID: 11908065 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-56348-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Haslbeck
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
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30
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Van Montfort R, Slingsby C, Vierling E. Structure and function of the small heat shock protein/alpha-crystallin family of molecular chaperones. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2002; 59:105-56. [PMID: 11868270 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3233(01)59004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Van Montfort
- Department of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
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31
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Boelens WC, Croes Y, de Jong WW. Interaction between alphaB-crystallin and the human 20S proteasomal subunit C8/alpha7. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1544:311-9. [PMID: 11341940 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(00)00243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
alphaB-Crystallin, a member of the small heat shock protein (sHsp) family, can bind unfolding proteins, but is unable to refold them. To fulfil its protective function in vivo it is therefore likely to interact with other cellular proteins. Here we report that alphaB-crystallin binds very specifically both in vitro and in vivo to C8/alpha7, one of the 14 subunits of the 20S proteasome. The C8/alpha7 protein forms heterogeneous complexes with alphaB-crystallin of about 540 kDa. However, no strong interaction between alphaB-crystallin and 20S proteasomes was observed. Since both proteins are localized in the cytoplasm, the interaction between alphaB-crystallin and C8/alpha7 subunit might affect the assembly of the proteasome complex or facilitate the degradation of unfolded proteins bound to alphaB-crystallin.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Boelens
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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32
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Lindner RA, Carver JA, Ehrnsperger M, Buchner J, Esposito G, Behlke J, Lutsch G, Kotlyarov A, Gaestel M. Mouse Hsp25, a small shock protein. The role of its C-terminal extension in oligomerization and chaperone action. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:1923-32. [PMID: 10727931 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01188.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Under conditions of cellular stress, small heat shock proteins (sHsps), e.g. Hsp25, stabilize unfolding proteins and prevent their precipitation from solution. 1H NMR spectroscopy has shown that mammalian sHsps possess short, polar and highly flexible C-terminal extensions. A mutant of mouse Hsp25 without this extension has been constructed. CD spectroscopy reveals some differences in secondary and tertiary structure between this mutant and the wild-type protein but analytical ultracentrifugation and electron microscopy show that the proteins have very similar oligomeric masses and quaternary structures. The mutant shows chaperone ability comparable to that of wild-type Hsp25 in a thermal aggregation assay using citrate synthase, but does not stabilize alpha-lactalbumin against precipitation following reduction with dithiothreitol. The accessible hydrophobic surface of the mutant protein is less than that of the wild-type protein and the mutant is also less stable at elevated temperature. 1H NMR spectroscopy reveals that deletion of the C-terminal extension of Hsp25 leads to induction of extra C-terminal flexibility in the molecule. Monitoring complex formation between Hsp25 and dithiothreitol-reduced alpha-lactalbumin by 1H NMR spectroscopy indicates that the C-terminal extension of Hsp25 retains its flexibility during this interaction. Overall, these data suggest that a highly flexible C-terminal extension in mammalian sHsps is required for full chaperone activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Lindner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Australia
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