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Muresanu DF, Sharma A, Tian ZR, Lafuente JV, Nozari A, Feng L, Buzoianu AD, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Nanowired Delivery of Cerebrolysin with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Heat Stress-Induced Exacerbation of Neuropathology Following Brain Blast Injury. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 32:231-270. [PMID: 37480463 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32997-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Blast brain injury (bBI) following explosive detonations in warfare is one of the prominent causes of multidimensional insults to the central nervous and other vital organs injury. Several military personnel suffered from bBI during the Middle East conflict at hot environment. The bBI largely occurs due to pressure waves, generation of heat together with release of shrapnel and gun powders explosion with penetrating and/or impact head trauma causing multiple brain damage. As a result, bBI-induced secondary injury causes breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and edema formation that further results in neuronal, glial and axonal injuries. Previously, we reported endocrine imbalance and influence of diabetes on bBI-induced brain pathology that was significantly attenuated by nanowired delivery of cerebrolysin in model experiments. Cerebrolysin is a balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors, and active peptide fragment is capable of neuroprotection in several neurological insults. Exposure to heat stress alone causes BBB damage, edema formation and brain pathology. Thus, it is quite likely that hot environment further exacerbates the consequences of bBI. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies using nanodelivery of stem cell and cerebrolysin may further enhance superior neuroprotection in bBI at hot environment. Our observations are the first to show that combined nanowired delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cerebrolysin significantly attenuated exacerbation of bBI in hot environment and induced superior neuroprotection, not reported earlier. The possible mechanisms of neuroprotection with MSCs and cerebrolysin in bBI are discussed in the light of current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Wang X, Wu Y, Liu L, Bai H, Zhang Z, Zhao M, Ma T, Song X, Jia L, Lv L, Yu Y, Xu X, Chen H, Gao L. Xylazole inhibits NO-cGMP pathway in fetal rat nerve cells. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e16. [PMID: 35088953 PMCID: PMC8799944 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.21188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xylazole (Xyl) is a veterinary anesthetic that is structurally and functionally similar to xylazine. However, the effects of Xyl in vitro remain unknown. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the anesthetic mechanism of Xyl using fetal rat nerve cells treated with Xyl. Methods Fetal rat nerve cells cultured for seven days were treated with 10, 20, 30, and 40 μg/ mL Xyl for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. Variations of amino acid neurotransmitters (AANTs), Nitric oxide-Cyclic GMP (NO-cGMP) signaling pathway, and ATPase were evaluated. Results Xyl decreased the levels of cGMP and NO in nerve cells. Furthermore, Xyl affected the AANT content and Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity in nerve cells. These findings suggested that Xyl inhibited the NO-cGMP signaling pathway in nerve cells in vitro. Conclusions This study provided new evidence that the anesthetic and analgesic effects of Xyl are related to the inhibition of the NO-cGMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Hui Bai
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Mingchao Zhao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Tianwen Ma
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Xiaopeng Song
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Lina Jia
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Liangyu Lv
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Li Gao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
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Sharma HS, Muresanu DF, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Li C, Zhang Z, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Cerebrolysin restores balance between excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in brain following concussive head injury. Superior neuroprotective effects of TiO 2 nanowired drug delivery. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 266:211-267. [PMID: 34689860 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Concussive head injury (CHI) often associated with military personnel, soccer players and related sports personnel leads to serious clinical situation causing lifetime disabilities. About 3-4k head injury per 100k populations are recorded in the United States since 2000-2014. The annual incidence of concussion has now reached to 1.2% of population in recent years. Thus, CHI inflicts a huge financial burden on the society for rehabilitation. Thus, new efforts are needed to explore novel therapeutic strategies to treat CHI cases to enhance quality of life of the victims. CHI is well known to alter endogenous balance of excitatory and inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS) leading to brain pathology. Thus, a possibility exists that restoring the balance of amino acids in the CNS following CHI using therapeutic measures may benefit the victims in improving their quality of life. In this investigation, we used a multimodal drug Cerebrolysin (Ever NeuroPharma, Austria) that is a well-balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments in exploring its effects on CHI induced alterations in key excitatory (Glutamate, Aspartate) and inhibitory (GABA, Glycine) amino acids in the CNS in relation brain pathology in dose and time-dependent manner. CHI was produced in anesthetized rats by dropping a weight of 114.6g over the right exposed parietal skull from a distance of 20cm height (0.224N impact) and blood-brain barrier (BBB), brain edema, neuronal injuries and behavioral dysfunctions were measured 8, 24, 48 and 72h after injury. Cerebrolysin (CBL) was administered (2.5, 5 or 10mL/kg, i.v.) after 4-72h following injury. Our observations show that repeated CBL induced a dose-dependent neuroprotection in CHI (5-10mL/kg) and also improved behavioral functions. Interestingly when CBL is delivered through TiO2 nanowires superior neuroprotective effects were observed in CHI even at a lower doses (2.5-5mL/kg). These observations are the first to demonstrate that CBL is effectively capable to attenuate CHI induced brain pathology and behavioral disturbances in a dose dependent manner, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiquiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Muresanu DF, Sharma A, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Feng L, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Sjöquist PO, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Diabetes exacerbates brain pathology following a focal blast brain injury: New role of a multimodal drug cerebrolysin and nanomedicine. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 258:285-367. [PMID: 33223037 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Blast brain injury (bBI) is a combination of several forces of pressure, rotation, penetration of sharp objects and chemical exposure causing laceration, perforation and tissue losses in the brain. The bBI is quite prevalent in military personnel during combat operations. However, no suitable therapeutic strategies are available so far to minimize bBI pathology. Combat stress induces profound cardiovascular and endocrine dysfunction leading to psychosomatic disorders including diabetes mellitus (DM). This is still unclear whether brain pathology in bBI could exacerbate in DM. In present review influence of DM on pathophysiology of bBI is discussed based on our own investigations. In addition, treatment with cerebrolysin (a multimodal drug comprising neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments) or H-290/51 (a chain-breaking antioxidant) using nanowired delivery of for superior neuroprotection on brain pathology in bBI in DM is explored. Our observations are the first to show that pathophysiology of bBI is exacerbated in DM and TiO2-nanowired delivery of cerebrolysin induces profound neuroprotection in bBI in DM, not reported earlier. The clinical significance of our findings with regard to military medicine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Per-Ove Sjöquist
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Muresanu DF, Sharma A, Patnaik R, Menon PK, Mössler H, Sharma HS. Exacerbation of blood-brain barrier breakdown, edema formation, nitric oxide synthase upregulation and brain pathology after heat stroke in diabetic and hypertensive rats. Potential neuroprotection with cerebrolysin treatment. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 146:83-102. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Graczyk M, Krajnik M, Woroń J, Wordliczek J, Malec-Milewska M. Use of opioids as one of the causes of fever in patients with advanced cancer. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 30:98-104. [PMID: 28059575 PMCID: PMC5806778 DOI: 10.1177/0394632016686088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Graczyk
- Department of Palliative Care, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Krajnik
- Department of Palliative Care, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Woroń
- Department of Pain Treatment and Palliative Care, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wordliczek
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Malec-Milewska
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical centre for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
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Camerino SRAES, Lima RCP, França TCL, Herculano EDA, Rodrigues DSA, Gouveia MGDS, Cameron LC, Prado ES. Keto analogue and amino acid supplementation and its effects on ammonemia and performance under thermoneutral conditions. Food Funct 2016; 7:872-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01054c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Keto analogue and amino acid supplementation decreases ammonemia during exercise without affecting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - L. C. Cameron
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry
- Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
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New perspectives of nanoneuroprotection, nanoneuropharmacology and nanoneurotoxicity: modulatory role of amino acid neurotransmitters, stress, trauma, and co-morbidity factors in nanomedicine. Amino Acids 2014; 45:1055-71. [PMID: 24022705 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancement in nanomedicine suggests that nanodrug delivery using nanoformulation of drugs or use of nanoparticles for neurodiagnostic and/or neurotherapeutic purposes results in superior effects than the conventional drugs or parent compounds. This indicates a bright future for nanomedicine in treating neurological diseases in clinics. However, the effects of nanoparticles per se in inducing neurotoxicology by altering amino acid neurotransmitters, if any, are still being largely ignored. The main aim of nanomedicine is to enhance the drug availability within the central nervous system (CNS) for greater therapeutic successes. However, once the drug together with nanoparticles enters into the CNS compartments, the fate of nanomaterial within the brain microenvironment is largely remained unknown. Thus, to achieve greater success in nanomedicine, our knowledge in understanding nanoneurotoxicology in detail is utmost important. In addition, how co-morbidity factors associated with neurological disease, e.g., stress, trauma, hypertension or diabetes, may influence the neurotherapeutic potentials of nanomedicine are also necessary to explore the details. Recent research in our laboratory demonstrated that engineered nanoparticles from metals or titanium nanowires used for nanodrug delivery in laboratory animals markedly influenced the CNS functions and alter amino acid neurotransmitters in healthy animals. These adverse reactions of nanoparticles within the CNS are further aggravated in animals with different co-morbidity factors viz., stress, diabetes, trauma or hypertension. This effect, however, depends on the composition and dose of the nanomaterials used. On the other hand, nanodrug delivery by TiO2 nanowires enhanced the neurotherapeutic potential of the parent compounds in CNS injuries in healthy animals and do not alter amino acids balance. However, in animals with any of the above co-morbidity factors, high dose of nanodrug delivery is needed to achieve some neuroprotection. Taken together, it appears that while exploring new nanodrug formulations for neurotherapeutic purposes, co-morbidly factors and composition of nanoparticlesrequire more attention. Furthermore, neurotoxicity caused by nanoparticles per se following nanodrug delivery may be examined in greater detail with special regards to changes in amino acid balance in the CNS.
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Meng Y, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Wang E, Plotnikoff NP, Shan F. Synergistic effect of methionine encephalin (MENK) combined with pidotimod(PTD) on the maturation of murine dendritic cells (DCs). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:773-83. [PMID: 23470544 PMCID: PMC3903895 DOI: 10.4161/hv.23137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain new insight into the functional interaction between dendritic cells and methionine encephalin (MENK) combined with pidotimod (PTD), we have analyzed the effect of MENK plus PTD on the morphology, phenotype and functions of murine bone-marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro. The maturation of BMDCs cultured in the presence of either MENK or PTD alone, or MENK in combination with PTD, was detected. The cell proliferation was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt/phenazinemethosulphate (MTS/PMS). The changes of BMDCs morphology were confirmed with light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The BMDCs treated with MENK combined with PTD displayed a higher expression of typical maturation markers of CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86 and MHC-IIidentified by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), and stronger ability to drive T cells. The decrease of the endocytic ability was assayed by DAB kit, FITC-dextran and cellular immunohistochemistry. Finally upregulation of cytokines production of IL-12 and TNF-α was determined by ELISA. These data indicate that MENK combined with PTD could exert synergistic action on BMDC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Meng
- Department of immunology; School of Basic Medical Science; China Medical University; Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Qiushi Wang
- Central Blood Bank; Shengjing Hospital; China Medical University; Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- Department of immunology; School of Basic Medical Science; China Medical University; Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Enhua Wang
- Institute of pathology and pathophysiology; School of Basic Medical Science; China Medical University; Shenyang, P.R. China
| | | | - Fengping Shan
- Department of immunology; School of Basic Medical Science; China Medical University; Shenyang, P.R. China
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Xu L, Shen P, Hazel T, Johe K, Koliatsos VE. Dual transplantation of human neural stem cells into cervical and lumbar cord ameliorates motor neuron disease in SOD1 transgenic rats. Neurosci Lett 2011; 494:222-6. [PMID: 21402124 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells provide novel sources of cell therapies for motor neuron disease that have recently entered clinical trials. In the present study, we transplanted human neural stem cells (NSCs) into the ventral horn of both the lumbar (L4-L5) and cervical (C4-C5) protuberance of SOD1 G93A rats, in an effort to test the feasibility and general efficacy of a dual grafting paradigm addressing several muscle groups in the front limbs, hind limbs and the respiratory apparatus. Transplantation was done prior to the onset of motor neuron disease. Compared with animals that had received dead NSC grafts (serving as controls), rats with live NSCs grafted at the two spinal levels lived 17 days longer. Disease onset in dually grafted animals was delayed by 10 days compared to control animals. Disease duration in NSC-grafted animals was longer by 7 days compared to controls. Our results support the potential of NSC grafts at multiple levels of spinal cord as future cellular therapy for motor neuron disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (JHMI), Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Li H, Li C, Yan ZY, Yang J, Chen H. Simultaneous monitoring multiple neurotransmitters and neuromodulators during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats by microdialysis and capillary electrophoresis. J Neurosci Methods 2010; 189:162-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Benkler C, Offen D, Melamed E, Kupershmidt L, Amit T, Mandel S, Youdim MBH, Weinreb O. Recent advances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis research: perspectives for personalized clinical application. EPMA J 2010; 1:343-61. [PMID: 23199069 PMCID: PMC3405320 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-010-0026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been fueled, in part, by frustration over the shortcomings of the symptomatic drugs available, since these do not impede the progression of this disease. Currently, over 150 different potential therapeutic agents or strategies have been tested in preclinical models of ALS. Unfortunately, therapeutic modifiers of murine ALS have failed to be successfully translated into strategies for patients, probably because of differences in pharmacokinetics of the therapeutic agents, route of delivery, inefficiency of the agents to affect the distinct pathologies of the disease or inherent limitations of the available animal models. Given the multiplicity of the pathological mechanisms implicated in ALS, new therapies should consider the simultaneous manipulation of multiple targets. Additionally, a better management of ALS therapy should include understanding the interactions between potential risk factors, biomarkers and heterogeneous clinical features of the patients, aiming to manage their adverse events or personalize the safety profile of these agents. This review will discuss novel pharmacological approaches concerning adjusted therapy for ALS patients: iron-binding brain permeable multimodal compounds, genetic manipulation and cell-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Benkler
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Offen
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Eldad Melamed
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lana Kupershmidt
- Eve Topf Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, P.O.B. 9649, Haifa, 31096 Israel
| | - Tamar Amit
- Eve Topf Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, P.O.B. 9649, Haifa, 31096 Israel
| | - Silvia Mandel
- Eve Topf Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, P.O.B. 9649, Haifa, 31096 Israel
| | - Moussa B. H. Youdim
- Eve Topf Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, P.O.B. 9649, Haifa, 31096 Israel
| | - Orly Weinreb
- Eve Topf Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, P.O.B. 9649, Haifa, 31096 Israel
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Li H, Yan ZY. Analysis of amino acid neurotransmitters in hypothalamus of rats during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by microdialysis and capillary electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 24:1185-92. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Xu L, Ryugo DK, Pongstaporn T, Johe K, Koliatsos VE. Human neural stem cell grafts in the spinal cord of SOD1 transgenic rats: differentiation and structural integration into the segmental motor circuitry. J Comp Neurol 2009; 514:297-309. [PMID: 19326469 DOI: 10.1002/cne.22022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell replacement strategies for degenerative and traumatic diseases of the nervous system depend on the functional integration of grafted cells into host neural circuitry, a condition necessary for the propagation of physiological signals and, perhaps, targeting of trophic support to injured neurons. We have recently shown that human neural stem cell (NSC) grafts ameliorate motor neuron disease in SOD1 transgenic rodents. Here we study structural aspects of integration of neuronally differentiated human NSCs in the motor circuitry of SOD1 G93A rats. Human NSCs were grafted into the lumbar protuberance of 8-week-old SOD1 G93A rats; the results were compared to those on control Sprague-Dawley rats. Using pre-embedding immuno-electron microscopy, we found human synaptophysin (+) terminals contacting the perikarya and proximal dendrites of host alpha motor neurons. Synaptophysin (+) terminals had well-formed synaptic vesicles and were associated with membrane specializations primarily in the form of symmetrical synapses. To analyze the anatomy of motor circuits engaging differentiated NSCs, we injected the retrograde transneuronal tracer Bartha-pseudorabies virus (PRV) or the retrograde marker cholera toxin B (CTB) into the gastrocnemius muscle/sciatic nerve of SOD1 rats before disease onset and also into control rats. With this tracing, NSC-derived neurons were labeled with PRV but not CTB, a pattern suggesting that PRV entered NSC-derived neurons via transneuronal transfer from host motor neurons but not via direct transport from the host musculature. Our results indicate an advanced degree of structural integration, via functional synapses, of differentiated human NSCs into the segmental motor circuitry of SOD1-G93A rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Abstract
This paper is the thirtieth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2007 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd.,Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Ni Y, Su M, Lin J, Wang X, Qiu Y, Zhao A, Chen T, Jia W. Metabolic profiling reveals disorder of amino acid metabolism in four brain regions from a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:2627-36. [PMID: 18586036 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress is closely linked to clinical depression, which could be assessed by a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) animal model. We present here a GC/MS-based metabolic profiling approach to investigate neurochemical changes in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and remaining brain tissues. Multi-criteria assessment for multivariate statistics could identify differential metabolites between the CUMS-model rats versus the healthy controls. This study demonstrates that the significantly perturbed metabolites mainly involving amino acids play an indispensable role in regulating neural activity in the brain. Therefore, results obtained from such metabolic profiling strategy potentially provide a unique perspective on molecular mechanisms of chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
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Sharma HS, Johanson CE. Intracerebroventricularly administered neurotrophins attenuate blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier breakdown and brain pathology following whole-body hyperthermia: an experimental study in the rat using biochemical and morphological approaches. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1122:112-29. [PMID: 18077568 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1403.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies from our laboratory show that apart from blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCSFB) for proteins is also broken down following whole-body hyperthermia (WBH) in a rat model. Breakdown of the BCSFB alters brain homeostasis and adversely affects the structure and function of the central nervous system (CNS). Since neurotrophins and growth factors (e.g., brain-derived growth factor [BDNF], glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor [GDNF], and insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1]) are known neuroprotective agents in traumatic and ischemic brain injuries, a possibility exists that these neurotrophins will also attenuate neuronal and choroidal injury in WBH. Subjection of adult rats to 4 h of WBH at 38 degrees C in a biological oxygen demand (BOD) incubator exhibited a profound increase in BCSFB permeability to Evans blue and radioiodine. Degeneration of choroidal epithelial cells and underlying ependyma, dilatation of the lateral ventricular space, and degenerative changes in the adjacent neuropil were frequent. The hippocampus, caudate nucleus, thalamus, and hypothalamus showed profound BBB disruption and brain edema formation. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of BDNF, GDNF, and IGF-1 into the right lateral cerebral ventricle (1, 2, or 5 microg in 30 microL, 24 h before WBH) significantly reduced the BCSFB and BBB breakdown, brain edema formation, and cellular/tissue injuries. These beneficial effects were most pronounced in GDNF- or IGF-1-pretreated animals. These novel observations suggest that neurotrophins administered into ventricular CSF can attenuate BCSFB and BBB damage following WBH and thereby confer neuroprotection. Stabilization of BCSFB function is thus one of the crucial factors in achieving neuroprotection in WBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University Hospital, Uppsala University, SE-75421 Uppsala, Sweden.
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MURESANU DAFINF, SHARMA HARIS. Chronic Hypertension Aggravates Heat Stress-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction and Brain Pathology. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1122:1-22. [DOI: 10.1196/annals.1403.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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